CN114322743B - Tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and a monitoring method. The system comprises a deformation monitoring module, a data transmission module, a data analysis module and an alarm module, wherein the deformation monitoring module comprises a plurality of monitoring units, each monitoring unit is erected on one cross section of a tunnel, the adjacent monitoring units are separated by a preset distance, and each monitoring unit comprises a radar, a vault beacon, a side wall beacon and an arch foot beacon; the radar is positioned at a position with a preset height from the ground on the side wall of the tunnel; the vault beacon is positioned right above the vault of the tunnel; the side wall beacon is positioned on the other side wall of the tunnel; the arch foot beacon is positioned below the side wall beacon and is close to the tunnel arch foot; the vault beacons, the side wall beacons and the arch foot beacons are omni-directional beacons. The invention can respectively monitor tunnel deformation in real time under the condition of not affecting construction continuity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and a corresponding tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method, and belongs to the technical field of safety monitoring.
Background
In the tunnel excavation process, the arch crown is subjected to settlement deformation, the arch leg and the side wall are correspondingly deformed due to the bias voltage, the surrounding rock with a large expansion coefficient is subjected to inverted arch deformation, and if the deformation cannot be found in time at an early stage, the tunnel is often caused to collapse, so that safety accidents are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the tunnel being constructed in real time and to alarm before danger occurs.
At present, the deformation of the arch crown, the side wall and the arch foot of the tunnel is measured by using total station equipment every 2 hours. However, the deformation early stage of the tunnel is often sub-millimeter displacement, and when the total station is adopted to measure the deformation of the tunnel, the construction site of the tunnel is often smoke and dust diffuse, and the light line of sight in the tunnel is not ideal, so that the tunnel is usually required to be stopped for tens of minutes and then the tunnel deformation is measured. This measurement method has several disadvantages: the first is that intermittent downtime affects project progress; secondly, the method cannot achieve real-time measurement, early warning information cannot be obtained at the initial stage of tunnel deformation, and the optimal emergency window time is easily missed; thirdly, the total station belongs to a high-precision measuring instrument, is high in price, needs special maintenance and use, and is high in measuring cost.
In the Chinese patent of the invention with the patent number ZL 201910844123.6, a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method based on millimeter wave radar is provided. The method comprises the steps of dividing a section to be monitored of a tunnel into a section 1 and a section 2 … … section N, setting a plurality of monitoring sections in each section, then installing a vertical radar beacon at the top of each monitoring section, installing two opposite horizontal radar beacons on one horizontal plane, installing a vertical radar at the bottom of each section, installing one or a pair of opposite horizontal radars, connecting each vertical radar and each horizontal radar with a data acquisition and transmission instrument respectively, connecting the data acquisition and transmission instrument with a workstation in a wireless mode, analyzing and processing radar monitoring data by the workstation, and monitoring vault vertical displacement and clearance convergence values on each monitoring section in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system.
The invention aims to provide a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the embodiment of the invention, a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system is provided, which comprises a deformation monitoring module, a data transmission module, a data analysis module and an alarm module,
the deformation monitoring module is connected with the data analysis module through the data transmission module, the data analysis module analyzes and processes the monitoring data from the deformation monitoring module, and sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module or sends a monitoring instruction to the deformation monitoring module;
the deformation monitoring module comprises a plurality of monitoring units, each monitoring unit is erected on one cross section of the tunnel, the adjacent monitoring units are separated by a preset distance, and each monitoring unit comprises a radar, a vault beacon, a side wall beacon and a vault beacon;
the radar is positioned at a position with a preset height from the ground on the side wall of the tunnel; the vault beacon is located right above the vault of the tunnel; the side wall beacon is positioned on the other side wall of the tunnel; the arch foot beacon is positioned below the side wall beacon and is close to the tunnel arch foot;
the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon are omni-directional beacons.
Wherein preferably said radar and said sidewall beacons are located on opposite sidewalls of the tunnel and are both in the archesA place;
the arch foot beacon is positioned at the arch heightWhere it is located.
Preferably, the deformation monitoring module further comprises a linear laser director which is arranged on the side edge of the antenna of the radar, and the laser pointed position of the linear laser director is the radar beam radiation strong point.
Wherein preferably, the laser longitudinal angle coverage of the linear laser director is consistent with the antenna longitudinal angle coverage of the radar.
Wherein preferably the line laser pointer is rigidly connected to the radar and has an illumination angle in the range of 120 °.
Preferably, the radars arranged along the whole course of the tunnel are all positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the radars on the cross sections of two adjacent tunnels are positioned on different sides of the tunnel and are alternately arranged.
According to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for monitoring deformation of a tunnel in real time, including the steps of:
obtaining and recording the height H of the radar from the ground of the tunnel by a hanging wire method r Height H of vault beacon, side wall beacon and arch foot beacon from tunnel ground 1 、H 2 、H 3 ；
The distances between the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon and the radar are respectively L through radar monitoring 1 、L 2 、L 3 And the micro distance delta L of the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon 1 、ΔL 2 、ΔL 3 ；
By passing throughd 2 ＝ΔL 2 、/>Obtaining vault settlement d 1 Displacement d of side wall 2 Displacement d of arch foot 3 Wherein the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 A displacement amount in the lateral or longitudinal direction;
if the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 If the detection result is within the set threshold range, continuing to monitor in real time; if the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 Any one of the alarm alarms exceeds the threshold range, and an alarm reminding is sent out.
Preferably, the threshold values of the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon are consistent in the same cross section of the tunnel.
Wherein the displacement d is preferably found by comparing the data of different monitoring units on successive cross sections 1 、d 2 、d 3 The largest cross section, and thus the closest cross section to the source causing the deformation.
Wherein preferably a smaller threshold range is set for the completed construction and relatively stable profile; for areas where construction or blasting is being performed, the threshold range is relatively increased.
Compared with the prior art, the tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and the monitoring method provided by the invention have the following technical effects: 1) The settlement of the tunnel vault, the deformation of the side wall and the deformation of the arch springing can be monitored in real time and remotely alarmed under the condition that the construction continuity is not affected; 2) The deformation detection of the sub-millimeter level can be achieved, and the precision and the accuracy are high; 3) The cost is low, the erection is convenient, and special personnel are not required to maintain the equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a real-time monitoring system for tunnel deformation in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of a deformation monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the radar installation in a deformation monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a radar antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an omni-directional electromagnetic wave scattering beacon according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a linear laser pointer designed according to radar in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a principle of micro-motion of a millimeter wave radar through a phase measurement beacon in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring tunnel deformation in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical contents of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention firstly provides a tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system, which comprises a deformation monitoring module, a data transmission module, a data analysis module and an alarm module. The deformation monitoring module is connected with the data analysis module through the data transmission module, the data analysis module analyzes and processes the monitoring data from the deformation monitoring module, and sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module or sends a monitoring instruction to the deformation monitoring module.
As shown in fig. 2, in the real-time monitoring system for tunnel deformation provided by the invention, the deformation monitoring module comprises a plurality of monitoring units, each monitoring unit is erected on a cross section of a tunnel, the distance between each monitoring unit is 10 meters (set according to actual road conditions), and the deformation monitoring of the whole tunnel can be performed by using the monitoring units distributed in the whole tunnel.
According to the subway tunnel deformation monitoring Specification and the urban rail transit engineering measurement Specification (GB 50308-2008), the deformation monitoring requirements of the tunnel comprise: vault subsides and surrounding rock converges. The vault settlement observation is to arrange settlement observation points at the position of the front vault in the tunnel, so that the absolute settlement of vault surrounding rock after the tunnel is excavated is intuitively observed, and the purpose of monitoring the vertical deformation condition of the vault surrounding rock of the tunnel is achieved; the surrounding rock convergence observation is to measure the relative displacement of surrounding rocks at two sides in a tunnel, and the observation points are distributed at the periphery of the tunnel according to the requirements of a design drawing, so as to monitor the change condition of the distance between two measurement points at the periphery of the tunnel. In the construction of the general full-face excavation method, at least the right arch top (right upper arch) and the side wall (about arch height)Department) and a footing (about the arch height +)>Department) position is laid three observation points, and the vault subsides and surrounding rock convergence condition is monitored.
As shown in fig. 3, the deformation monitoring module erected on each tunnel section comprises a radar 1, a vault beacon 2, a side wall beacon 3 and an arch beacon 4. The radar 1 is located on the side wall of the tunnel and has a predetermined height (about arch heightWhere) the change in displacement of the side wall can be detected by the change in position of the radar 1. The dome beacon 2 is located directly above the dome of the tunnel (typically at the highest point from the ground) to maximize the detected change in dome settlement displacement. The side wall beacon 3 is located on the other side wall of the tunnel (i.e. opposite to the radar 1The mounting height of the side wall) is identical with the mounting height of the radar 1, and the side wall displacement can be obtained by using the simplest algorithm. Of course, it is also possible for a person skilled in the art to have radar 1 and jamb beacon 3 at different heights, for example radar 1 below jamb beacon 3). The arch foot beacon 4 is positioned below the side wall beacon 3 and is close to the arch foot of the tunnel (about the arch height +.>Where) the detected change in arch springing displacement can be maximized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the relative displacement of the dome beacon 2 and the radar is used as the maximum deformation in the height direction of the tunnel, so as to monitor the dome settlement; the relative displacement of the side wall beacon 3 and the radar is used as the maximum deformation of the tunnel in the horizontal direction; and the relative displacement of the side wall beacon 3, the arch foot beacon 4 and the radar is used as the deformation of arch foot displacement, so that the surrounding rock convergence condition is monitored.
For example, three new marks respectively represent different sources of tunnel deformation, vault subsidence can cause relative displacement of a vault beacon 2 and a radar, surrounding rock convergence can cause relative displacement of a side wall beacon 3, a vault beacon 4 and the radar, and three observation points are required to be distributed at least at the positions of a positive vault, a side wall and a vault in the full-face excavation construction process, so that vault subsidence and surrounding rock convergence are monitored.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the radar used is a millimeter wave radar of a MIMO (Multiple-input Multiple-output) system. The radar of MINO system has high angular resolution, and the radar emits transverse narrow beam and longitudinal wide beam. On the premise of covering the fault plane of the tunnel, the transverse narrow beam should reduce the coverage area of the beam as much as possible so as to reduce the interference of the mechanical equipment moving in the construction environment on radar monitoring. The longitudinal wide beam needs to cover a scene range as large as possible so as to simultaneously cover three positions of the arch crown, the side wall and the arch foot, and has a certain longitudinal angle resolution capability. The working wavelength of the radar is designed to be 3.7mm, and the extremely short wavelength can enable the measuring accuracy of the radar to tunnel deformation to reach the sub-millimeter level. The radar working bandwidth is designed to be 2GHz bandwidth, and has the characteristic of high distance resolution, so that correct monitoring points in a narrow tunnel can be distinguished. The radar adopts a frequency modulation continuous wave system, has the characteristic of zero blind distance, and can monitor target displacement in a tunnel short-distance scene.
Referring to the radar antenna array shown in fig. 4, in the longitudinal direction of the antenna, in order to cover three beacons respectively installed on a tunnel vault, a side wall and a arch foot, and in order to ensure enough azimuth resolution, the antenna is designed to have 2-to-8-reception total 16 longitudinal angle resolution units, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are longitudinally arranged, the transmitting antenna is arranged below, the receiving antenna is arranged above, 2 is a transmitting antenna, 3 is a receiving antenna, 1 is a patch composing the transmitting antenna, 4 is a patch composing the receiving antenna, so that three beacons are sufficiently distinguished in the longitudinal angle, and the space between each receiving antenna in the longitudinal direction of the antennaI.e. 2.2mm, the distance between the two transmitting antennas is designed to be 8d, i.e. 17.6mm, the total length of the antenna in longitudinal direction is 43mm, by the formula +.>Can calculate the longitudinal coverage angle theta of the antenna y =120°. In the transverse direction of the antenna, in order to reduce the interference of mechanical equipment to radar detection in the construction process as much as possible, a narrower area is transversely covered in a tunnel, a transverse narrow beam is designed, 64 microstrip patches are used to form 1-path transmitting or receiving paths, the width of each patch of the microstrip antenna is lambda/4, namely 0.94mm, lambda is the wavelength of electromagnetic waves, the transverse distance between the patches is 2.15mm, and therefore the transverse width of the antenna is D=137.6 mm, and the formula is adopted to ensure that>The azimuth half-power beamwidth of the antenna can be obtained to be 1.9 °. In summary, the effective size of the antenna is 43×137.6mm, and the beam coverage is 1.9×120 °.
The dome beacons, the side wall beacons and the arch foot beacons are omni-directional electromagnetic wave scattering beacons (omni-directional beacons), the structure of the dome beacons is shown in fig. 5, 1 is the main body of the omni-directional electromagnetic wave scattering beacons, the beacons are made of metal materials, the electromagnetic wave reflection capability is strong, and electromagnetic waves incident from all angles can be reflected in the original path. The beacon body 1 is composed of 8 three-sided corner reflectors 5 in appearance, and actually, as shown in fig. 6, is composed of 2 circular aluminum disks 6 and 7 with slits and 2 semicircular aluminum half disks 8 and 9 with slits. After the main body of the omnidirectional electromagnetic wave scattering beacon is assembled, a screw 2 is additionally arranged at the bottom of the main body of the beacon and is used for being connected with an expansion bolt 3. During installation, the expansion bolts 3 are driven into the wall body 4 to be fixed, and then the assembled beacon main body 1 is fixed with the expansion bolts 3 through the screws 2, so that the beacon and the wall body are fixed, and rigid connection is ensured.
In order to ensure that the beam emitted by the radar can be aligned with the three beacons installed, embodiments of the present invention provide a line-type laser pointer. As shown in fig. 6, 1 is millimeter wave radar, 3 is radar electromagnetic wave coverage area in a tunnel, and the beam radiation area is narrow in the transverse direction and wide in the longitudinal direction. In addition, when the actual radar is erected, electromagnetic waves are invisible, so that the alignment of radar beams and beacons is more inconvenient, and the radiation area 3 of the electromagnetic waves can not cover or completely cover the three beacons easily. Therefore, the linear laser director 2 is installed on the side edge of the antenna of the millimeter wave radar 1 by machining and is rigidly connected with the millimeter wave radar 1, the linear laser director is used as an important component of radar monitoring equipment, the position pointed by laser is ensured to be a radar beam radiation strong point by the machining precision, and the irradiation angle range is 120 degrees and is consistent with the longitudinal angle coverage range of the antenna of the radar. The linear laser director 2 can be used as auxiliary beam alignment equipment, and can ensure that the linear laser irradiated by the linear laser director is positioned on the central line of the radar radiation beam after the millimeter wave radar leaves a factory. By the guidance of the linear laser director, the monitoring inefficiency caused by the fact that the radar beam cannot be aligned with three installed beacons due to installation errors can be prevented.
In the embodiment of the invention, the working principle of measuring beacon micro-motion through phase by utilizing a millimeter wave radar is shown in fig. 7. The millimeter wave radar emits high-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves return to the radar receiver after being reflected by the beacon. When the position of the radar and the beacon is fixed, the phase of the electromagnetic wave reaching the radar receiver is kept unchanged, and if the beacon is displaced in the distance dimension, the phase of the reaching wave changes for the radar receiving antenna. The radar can judge whether the beacon and the radar are relatively displaced or not by monitoring the phase shift of the fixed beacon, namely whether the tunnel is deformed or not.
In the embodiment of the invention, the radar is arranged on the tunnel side wall at one side of each tunnel section, the radar is at a certain height from the ground of the tunnel, the radars arranged along the whole course of the tunnel are all positioned at the same horizontal plane, and the radars on two adjacent tunnel cross sections are positioned at different sides of the tunnel so as to be alternately arranged (namely, the radars on one cross section are arranged on the left side wall), and the radars on the other adjacent cross section are arranged on the right side wall), so that side wall beacons can be prevented from generating side lobe interference on the radars on the adjacent sections as much as possible. And then opening the linear laser director, and sequentially installing a vault beacon, a side wall beacon and a arch foot beacon in the irradiation range of the laser. A vault beacon is first installed directly above the vault of each tunnel profile monitoring unit, which beacon is used to measure and calculate vault settlement information. And then, installing a side wall beacon on the other side wall of each tunnel section monitoring unit, wherein the installation height of the side wall beacon is consistent with that of the radar, and the beacon is used for measuring and calculating the deformation information of the side wall. And finally, installing an arch foot beacon below the side wall beacon of each tunnel section monitoring unit, wherein the beacon is used for measuring and calculating arch foot deformation information.
In addition, as shown in fig. 8, the invention also provides a method for monitoring tunnel deformation in real time, which comprises the following steps:
monitoring and calculating deformation: the height H of the radar from the ground of the tunnel can be obtained and recorded by a hanging wire method r Height H of vault beacon, side wall beacon and arch foot beacon from tunnel ground 1 、H 2 、H 3 . Monitoring three beacons and distance L of radar by radar 1 、L 2 、L 3 And its jog distance DeltaL 1 、ΔL 2 、ΔL 3 The monitoring results are transmitted to a large local area network of a telecom operator through a 4G wireless module arranged in the radar and a base station (namely, a data transmission module) in a tunnel, the large local area network of the telecom operator can be connected with a public network, a server with a fixed domain name and an IP address is built in the public network, and the monitoring results of concurrent transmission of each monitoring radar can be received, so that the monitoring results can be transmitted to a cloud end remotely.
Calculating deformation: the monitoring data is analyzed and processed in a data analysis module (e.g. server) by the following formulad 2 ＝ΔL 2 、/> Obtaining vault settlement d 1 Displacement d of side wall 2 Displacement d of arch foot 3 。
Wherein d is 2 The relative displacement change between the side wall beacon 3 and the radar 1 is directly measured, and the height of the side wall beacon 3 is consistent with that of the radar; in calculation d 1 And d 3 When it is required to undergo displacement conversion to d 1 Calculated as an example, since the settlement amount of the target is mostly smaller than the centimeter level, it can be considered that the elevation angle of the dome beacon 2 with respect to the radar 1 is unchanged, and therefore, it can be known that there are before and after the displacementSimplified available->The same can calculate the settlement displacement of the arch springing beacon 4 as +.>The lateral displacement d of the arch springing 3 The calculation method is available by Pythagorean theorem>
Displacement d here 1 、d 2 、d 3 Refers to the displacement amount in a certain direction (transverse or longitudinal) and is not the three-dimensional displacement of the monitoring point, because the actual evaluation of the tunnel deformation amount is evaluated by evaluating the deformation of the monitoring unit in a certain direction.
And (3) carrying out data analysis: and if the tunnel displacement is within the set threshold range, continuing to monitor in real time. And if any one of the monitored tunnel displacements exceeds the threshold value, remotely sending out an alarm prompt. The threshold value is required to be set according to different construction conditions, and usually, the thresholds of three beacons in one section are selected as consistent as possible, different sections can be flexibly adjusted according to construction stages, for example, in the process of tunneling, the section which is constructed and relatively stable can be selected as a smaller threshold value, and in the region where construction or blasting is being performed, the threshold value can be appropriately increased in order to avoid false alarm caused by construction.
Furthermore, the data of different monitoring units on a plurality of continuous cross sections can be compared and analyzed to find the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 The largest cross section, and thus the closest cross section to the source causing the deformation.
In summary, the system and the method for monitoring tunnel deformation in real time provided by the embodiment of the invention can respectively monitor the settlement of the tunnel vault, the deformation of the side wall and the deformation of the arch springing in real time under the condition that the construction continuity is not affected, and upload the monitoring result to the cloud end through remote data transmission, thereby realizing remote monitoring and remote alarming on the site construction condition. The tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system can achieve sub-millimeter deformation detection, and is low in cost, convenient to erect and free of maintenance of equipment by special persons. The method is used for monitoring during construction, so that the erection condition is limited, the simplest installation mode is needed to be adopted, and meanwhile, the monitoring accuracy is guaranteed, so that the accuracy and the simplicity of radar installation are guaranteed by utilizing the linear laser director; and the radar and the three beacons are utilized for position standardization, so that the monitoring data of the whole tunnel can be compared and comprehensively analyzed, and the positions of the sources causing deformation are judged by comprehensively analyzing the data of a plurality of monitoring units in a certain distance of the tunnel.
The tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system and the tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method provided by the invention are described in detail. Any obvious modifications to the present invention, without departing from the spirit thereof, would constitute an infringement of the patent rights of the invention and would take on corresponding legal liabilities.
Claims (6)
1. The tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system is characterized by comprising a deformation monitoring module, a data transmission module, a data analysis module and an alarm module,
the deformation monitoring module is connected with the data analysis module through the data transmission module, the data analysis module analyzes and processes the monitoring data from the deformation monitoring module, and sends an alarm instruction to the alarm module or sends a monitoring instruction to the deformation monitoring module;
the deformation monitoring module comprises a plurality of monitoring units, each monitoring unit is erected on one cross section of the tunnel, and adjacent monitoring units are separated by a preset distance; each monitoring unit comprises a radar, a vault beacon, a side wall beacon and an arch foot beacon;
the radar is positioned at a position with a preset height from the ground on the side wall of the tunnel; the vault beacon is located right above the vault of the tunnel; the side wall beacon is positioned on the other side wall of the tunnel; the arch foot beacon is positioned below the side wall beacon and is close to the tunnel arch foot;
the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon are omni-directional beacons;
the deformation monitoring module further comprises a linear laser director which is arranged on the side edge of the antenna of the radar; the laser pointed position of the linear laser pointer is a radar beam radiation strong point;
the laser longitudinal angle coverage of the linear laser director is consistent with the antenna longitudinal angle coverage of the radar;
the linear laser director is rigidly connected with the radar, and the irradiation angle range of the linear laser director is 120 degrees;
the radars arranged along the whole course of the tunnel are all positioned on the horizontal plane with the same height, and the radars on the cross sections of two adjacent tunnels are positioned on different sides of the tunnel and are alternately arranged.
2. The tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein:
the radar and the side wall beacon are positioned on two opposite side walls of the tunnel and are both positioned at the arch heightA place; the arch foot beacon is positioned at the arch height +.>Where it is located.
3. The tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
obtaining and recording the height H of the radar from the ground of the tunnel by a hanging wire method r Height H of vault beacon, side wall beacon and arch foot beacon from tunnel ground 1 、H 2 、H 3 ；
The distances between the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon and the radar are respectively L through radar monitoring 1 、L 2 、L 3 And the micro distance delta L of the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon 1 、ΔL 2 、ΔL 3 ；
By passing throughd 2 ＝ΔL 2 、/>Obtaining vault settlement d 1 Displacement d of side wall 2 Displacement d of arch foot 3 Wherein the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 A displacement amount in the lateral or longitudinal direction;
if the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 If the detection result is within the set threshold range, continuing to monitor in real time; if the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 Any one of which exceeds the threshold range, an alarm alert is issued,
the tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method is realized based on the tunnel deformation real-time monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-2.
4. A tunnel deformation real-time monitoring method as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
in the same cross section of the tunnel, the threshold values of the vault beacon, the side wall beacon and the arch foot beacon are consistent.
5. The method for monitoring tunnel deformation in real time according to claim 4, wherein:
comparing and analyzing the data of different monitoring units on a plurality of continuous cross sections to find the displacement d 1 、d 2 、d 3 The largest cross section, and thus the closest cross section to the source causing the deformation.
6. The method for monitoring tunnel deformation in real time according to claim 5, wherein:
the cross section of the completed construction is smaller than the cross section threshold range of the area where the construction or blasting is being performed.
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