CN114322329A - Method for improving sunlight utilization rate of solar thermal power station in cloudy weather - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather, which comprises the following steps: the back of the heliostat reflector is additionally provided with a photovoltaic panel, the front of the heliostat is a reflector at the moment and used for reflecting solar energy in a normal clear sky state, and the back of the heliostat is a photovoltaic panel used for collecting the solar energy under the condition that clouds cover the heliostat; a sun photometer is arranged on the mirror field and used for measuring DNI in real time and transmitting data information to a mirror field control system; dividing the mirror field into different areas according to different comprehensive optical efficiencies; and (3) counting historical DNI data of the area where the mirror field is located, setting different thresholds, and adjusting the directions of the heliostats in different areas to enable the reflectors or photovoltaic panels to face the sun through a mirror field control system according to the relation between DNI actually measured by the sunlight meter and the thresholds. The method disclosed by the invention can improve the utilization rate of sunlight resources and the power generation rate to the maximum extent on the premise of protecting the heat absorber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tower type solar thermal power generation, in particular to a method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather.
Background
The solar photo-thermal power generation technology gradually enters the public vision and is emphasized because of the energy storage function. Compared with the groove type, disc type and Fresnel type power generation technologies, the tower type solar photo-thermal power generation technology is concerned about due to the advantages of short heat transfer path, low heat loss, high heat collection efficiency and the like.
The energy of the solar photo-thermal power generation is the normal direct irradiance (DNI) of the sun, the ambient temperature, precipitation, aerosol, cloud cover and the like, which can influence the time-space change of the DNI, wherein the cloud cover is a main factor influencing the DNI change, so that the power generation capacity of the solar photo-thermal power station is influenced. Especially in case of low cloud height or thick cloud, the DNI level can be reduced significantly.
Usually, under the cloudy weather, the design power generation amount corresponding to the DNI is difficult to achieve. Cloud weather directly influences the power generation capacity of the photo-thermal power station due to the increase of the light abandoning rate. Therefore, whether the gap sunlight can be reasonably utilized under the condition of cloud is the key of whether the power generation amount can be ensured.
When clouds are present, the photothermal power station typically reduces the number of heliostats operating to modulate the energy of sunlight collected onto the heat absorber to reduce the thermal shock to the heat absorber caused by the large DNI changes caused by the clouds. This approach, while protecting the heat absorber, loses a portion of the solar energy.
In fact, cloud weather has high utilization rate of the intermittent sunlight resources, but at present, no research on an operation method of utilizing the intermittent sunlight by a photo-thermal power station in the cloud weather exists.
The mode that traditional power station multipotency is complementary adopts at light thermal power station periphery to add photovoltaic power station can be that the power station occupies a large amount of lands like this, and the power station cost of building the station can improve, does not accomplish resource optimization cooperation and uses.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather, which reduces the land occupancy rate and effectively reduces the station building cost on the premise of improving the sunlight utilization rate in cloudy weather; meanwhile, the utilization rate of light resources of the solar photo-thermal power station under the cloudy condition is improved, cold and hot impact on a heat absorber caused by DNI (deoxyribose nucleic acid) caused by clouds is reduced, the sunlight resources are utilized to the maximum extent under the condition that the safety and stability of the system are ensured, and the light abandoning rate is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather comprises the following steps:
(1) the back of the heliostat reflector is additionally provided with a photovoltaic panel, the front of the heliostat is a reflector at the moment and used for reflecting solar energy in a normal clear sky state, and the back of the heliostat is a photovoltaic panel used for collecting the solar energy under the condition that clouds cover the heliostat;
(2) a sun photometer is arranged on the mirror field and used for measuring DNI in real time and transmitting data information to a mirror field control system;
(3) dividing the mirror field into different areas according to different comprehensive optical efficiencies;
(4) and (3) counting historical DNI data of the area where the mirror field is located, setting different thresholds, and adjusting the directions of the heliostats in different areas to enable the reflectors or photovoltaic panels to face the sun through a mirror field control system according to the relation between DNI actually measured by the sunlight meter and the thresholds.
In the scheme, two sunlight meters are arranged in the north-south area of the mirror field, and the average value of DNI measured at a certain moment of the two sunlight meters is taken as the actual measurement real-time data of the DNI of the mirror field at the moment.
In the above scheme, the historical DNI data is acquired from a solar photometer accumulated and stored before a local meteorological department or a mirror field.
In the scheme, in the step (4), the flow of the molten salt in the pipeline of the heat absorption tower is adjusted simultaneously, so that the heat absorber is protected to the maximum extent, and the gap sunlight resource is utilized to the maximum extent.
In the scheme, in the step (3), the heat absorption tower is divided into three areas by using a north mirror field, wherein the area I is the area with the highest comprehensive optical efficiency, the comprehensive optical efficiency is more than 95%, and the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area II is 90% -95%; the comprehensive optical efficiency of the third area is 80-90%; the heat absorption tower is divided into three areas in south, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area four is 75-85%, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area five is 70-80%, and the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area six is the minimum and is below 70%.
In the scheme, in the step (4), when the cloud cover appears, the heliostats in the area with the minimum comprehensive optical efficiency are adjusted into the photovoltaic panel to face the sun, and when the cloud cover is continuously increased, the heliostats in the other areas are gradually adjusted.
In the above scheme, in step (4), when the cloud gradually disappears, the focusing operation of all heliostats is not resumed immediately, but the heliostats are slowly and gradually returned to the operating state in which the reflector reflects sunlight from the region with low comprehensive optical efficiency according to the ratio of the actually measured real-time DNI value to the historically referred DNI value at that time, so as to provide buffering and adaptive time for the heat absorber.
Through the technical scheme, the method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station in cloudy weather has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is based on a solar photo-thermal power station, adopts a method of additionally installing a photovoltaic panel on the back of a heliostat, adjusts the reflection of the heliostat or the absorption of solar energy by the photovoltaic panel through a mirror field control system according to DNI, reduces the land occupancy rate on the premise of improving the sunlight utilization rate under cloud weather, and effectively reduces the station building cost. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of light resources of the solar photo-thermal power station under the cloudy condition is improved, cold and hot impact on a heat absorber caused by DNI (deoxyribose nucleic acid) caused by clouds is reduced, the sunlight resources are utilized to the maximum extent under the condition that the safety and stability of the system are ensured, and the light abandoning rate is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the operation process of a solar tower-type photothermal power station.
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a front reflector of a heliostat,
figure 3 is a schematic view of a heliostat back photovoltaic panel,
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of mirror field area division.
In the figure, 1, heliostat; 2. a heat sink; 3. a hot salt storage tank; 4. a cold salt storage tank; 5. a steam generator; 6. a steam turbine; 7. a generator; 8. a condenser; 9. a reflector; 10. a pitch axis; 11. an azimuth axis; 12, a bracket; 13. a photovoltaic panel; 14. a sun photometer; 101. a mirror field; 201. a heat absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention discloses a method for generating electricity by mainly reflecting sunlight by a heliostat reflector and assisting in absorbing the sunlight by a photovoltaic panel under the condition of cloudy weather, aiming at improving the utilization rate and the power generation rate of sunlight resources under the condition of cloudy weather to the maximum extent on the premise of protecting a heat absorber. The front and back surfaces of the heliostat are additionally provided with the reflectors and the photovoltaic panels to save the land for the power station, so that the building cost and the power generation cost are saved.
FIG. 1 is a power generation flow of a solar photo-thermal power station. The heliostat 1 of the solar photothermal power station has the function of collecting and reflecting solar energy, and the heliostat 1 converges the solar energy to the heat absorber 2 on the heat absorption tower 201 to heat the molten salt passing through the heat absorption panel. The temperature of the molten salt is raised to 565 ℃ through the heat absorber 2, the molten salt enters the hot salt storage tank 3, the hot molten salt is conveyed to the steam generator 5 to heat water into steam, and the high-temperature steam enters the steam turbine through the pipeline to push the steam turbine 6 to do work so as to enable the generator 7 to generate electricity. The molten salt exotherms, decreases in temperature after passing through the steam generator 5 and enters the cold salt storage tank 4, where the molten salt is approximately 265 ℃. After the high-temperature steam pushes the steam turbine 6 to do work, the high-temperature steam passes through the condenser 8 to become liquid water, and then the liquid water continuously enters the steam generator 5 to exchange heat with the molten salt.
As shown in fig. 2, the reflector 9 of the heliostat 1 is positioned above the support 12, and the reflector 9 is adjusted by the pitch axis 10 and the azimuth axis 11 to follow the sun, thereby accurately reflecting the solar energy to the heat absorber 2. According to the invention, the photovoltaic panel 13 is additionally arranged on the back surface of the reflector 9 of the heliostat 1, as shown in fig. 3, the front surface is a mirror surface of the reflector 9 and is used for reflecting solar energy in a normal clear sky state, and the back surface is the photovoltaic panel 13 and is used for collecting the solar energy under the condition of cloud shielding. When the weather is clear, the reflector 9 of the heliostat 1 directly reflects sunlight to the heat absorber 2. When the cloud cover blocks direct sunlight, the heliostat 1 rotates to the side of the photovoltaic panel 13 through the pitch shaft 10, so that scattered radiation energy of the sun can be collected, and the photovoltaic panel 13 can directly convert light energy into electric energy to be transmitted to a power grid. When the sunlight appears in the cloud clearance, the reflector 9 or the photovoltaic panel 13 of the heliostat 1 can be adjusted to work through the mirror field control system and the pitching shaft 10, so that the purposes of improving the utilization rate of the sunlight resources and the power generation rate are achieved.
The mirror field 101 is provided with two solar photometers 14 which are respectively arranged in the north and south areas of the mirror field 101 for real-time DNI measurement and data information transmission to the mirror field control system. And taking the average value of the DNI and the DNI at a certain moment as the actually measured real-time data of the mirror field DNI at the moment.
In the first step, historical DNI data (about 2 years) of the area where the mirror field is located needs to be counted, and the historical DNI data can be obtained from a local meteorological department or a solar photometer accumulated and stored before the mirror field.
The present invention counts DNI values on a monthly basis, considering that DNI varies with seasons and time of day, and the variation of the sun position within a month is very small. Generally, DNI values can be collected from the sun rise to the fall time period, and DNI data from different hours of all days in a month are added and averaged to obtain DNI data from different hours averaged in the month. All the effective data are data in a clear sky state, the cloud cannot be seen by naked eyes, the data in the clear sky state are regarded as the clear sky state, and the data in the time are removed under the cloud cover condition. And obtaining DNI data values of the region at different times of each month in 1-12 months after statistics. These counted values are used as reference values for subsequent calculations, and are used as historical reference DNI values.
And secondly, dividing the mirror field into different regions according to different comprehensive optical efficiencies, wherein due to the different comprehensive optical efficiencies of the different regions of the mirror field, the radiation energy flux density values converged by the reflected solar energy to the heat absorber panel are also different, and the radiation energy flux density values corresponding to the regions with high comprehensive optical efficiency are correspondingly high. The comprehensive optical efficiency of the mirror field can be automatically calculated by a mirror field control system.
And thirdly, setting different thresholds to adjust the region of the heliostat to be defocused and operated and the flow of molten salt in the pipeline of the heat absorption tower according to the reference value of DNI at different moments of each month counted in the first step, so that the heat absorber can be protected to the maximum extent, and the interstitial sunlight resource is utilized to the maximum extent.
The specific operation is as follows:
every time in a sunny day, there is a DNI value, and when clouds appear, DNI decreases to different degrees according to the amount and shape of the clouds.
China is located in the northern hemisphere, the mirror field is divided into different regions according to the optical efficiency of the mirror field, the mirror field is divided into 6 regions in total, and the regions are named according to numbers from one to six respectively, as shown in figure 4. The comprehensive optical efficiency of the north mirror field of the heat absorption tower is greater than that of the south mirror field of the heat absorption tower. The heat absorption tower is divided into three areas by a north mirror field, the area I is the area with the highest comprehensive optical efficiency, the comprehensive optical efficiency can reach more than 95%, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area II is only the area I, and the comprehensive optical efficiency is about more than 90%. The third area has a comprehensive optical efficiency of about 80% -90%. The heat absorption tower is divided into three areas in the south, and the areas are named as four, five and six numbers respectively. The comprehensive optical efficiency of the fourth region is about 75-85%, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the fifth region is about 70-80%, and the optical efficiency of the sixth region is the minimum and is less than 70%.
The sun photometer can measure the DNI value above the mirror field in real time, and the average value of the two instruments is used as the real-time DNI value of the mirror field at the moment and fed back to the mirror field control system to be used as the actual real-time DNI value.
As shown in table 1, when the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to 90% or more of the history reference time DNI, the heliostats in the sixth area rotate to the photovoltaic surface to operate, and the heliostats in the remaining areas continue to operate to normally reflect sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to the interval of 71% -90% of the historically referred DNI at the moment, the heliostats in the first area rotate to the photovoltaic surface to work, and the heliostats in the rest areas continue to normally reflect sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to the range of 51% -70% of the historically referred DNI at the moment, the heliostats in the first and second areas rotate to the photovoltaic surface to work, and the heliostats in the rest areas continue to normally reflect sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to a range of 31% -50% of the historically referred DNI at the moment, the heliostats in the first, second and third areas rotate to the photovoltaic surface to work, and the heliostats in the rest areas continue to normally reflect sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to the range of 11% -30% of the historically referred DNI at the moment, the heliostats in the first to fourth areas rotate to the photovoltaic surface to work, and the heliostats in the rest areas continue to normally reflect sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI is reduced to 10% of the DNI of the historical reference time, the heliostats in the first to fifth areas rotate to the photovoltaic surface to work, and only the heliostats in the sixth area continue to normally reflect sunlight. Only the heliostat reflectors in the sixth area are kept for independent focusing, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the heliostats in the area is lower than 70%, and if sunlight appears suddenly in cloud gaps, the energy collected by the heliostats in the sixth area cannot cause excessive damage to the heat absorber.
When large-scale cloud cover conditions (more than 3 hours) occur for a long time, all heliostat field heliostats rotate to a photovoltaic surface to work.
TABLE 1 adjustment method for mirror field work in case of multiple clouds
When the cloud gradually disappears, all heliostat focusing work is not recovered immediately, and the heliostats are slowly and gradually returned to the working state of the reflector for reflecting the sunlight from the area with low comprehensive optical efficiency according to the ratio of the actually measured real-time DNI value to the historically referred DNI value at the moment, so that the heat absorber is buffered and adapted.
As shown in table 2, when the actual DNI is within 10% of the historical DNI reference time, the heliostats in the No. six zone are kept alone to normally reflect sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 11% -30% of the DNI at the historical reference time, gradually recovering half heliostats in the fifth area to normally reflect the sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 31% -40% of the DNI at the historical reference time, the normal sunlight reflecting work of all the heliostats in the fifth area is recovered, and at the moment, all the heliostats in the fifth and sixth areas normally reflect the sunlight. When DNI reaches 41% -50% of DNI at the historical reference time, half heliostats in the fourth area are gradually recovered to normally reflect sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 51% -60% of the DNI at the historical reference time, recovering all heliostats in the fourth area to normally reflect the sunlight, and at the moment, recovering all heliostats in the fourth, fifth and sixth areas to normally reflect the sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 61% -70% of the DNI at the historical reference time, gradually recovering half heliostats in the third area to normally reflect the sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 71% -80% of the DNI at the historical reference time, recovering all heliostats in the third area to normally reflect the sunlight, and at the moment, recovering all heliostats in the third, fourth, fifth and sixth areas to normally reflect the sunlight. And when the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 81% -90% of the historically referred DNI at the moment, gradually recovering the heliostats in the second area to normally reflect the sunlight, and recovering all the heliostats in the other areas except the heliostats in the first area to normally reflect the sunlight. When the actually measured real-time DNI reaches 90% or more of the DNI of the historical reference time, the first area recovers the normal sunlight reflection work, and all heliostats return to the normal sunlight reflection work.
TABLE 2 adjustment method for mirror field work during cloudy dissipation
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the back of the heliostat reflector is additionally provided with a photovoltaic panel, the front of the heliostat is a reflector at the moment and used for reflecting solar energy in a normal clear sky state, and the back of the heliostat is a photovoltaic panel used for collecting the solar energy under the condition that clouds cover the heliostat;
(2) a sun photometer is arranged on the mirror field and used for measuring DNI in real time and transmitting data information to a mirror field control system;
(3) dividing the mirror field into different areas according to different comprehensive optical efficiencies;
(4) and (3) counting historical DNI data of the area where the mirror field is located, setting different thresholds, and adjusting the directions of the heliostats in different areas to enable the reflectors or photovoltaic panels to face the sun through a mirror field control system according to the relation between DNI actually measured by the sunlight meter and the thresholds.
2. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station in the cloudy weather as claimed in claim 1, wherein two sunlight meters are arranged in the north and south areas of the mirror field, and the average value of DNI measured at a certain moment is taken as the measured real-time data of the DNI of the mirror field at the moment.
3. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of a solar thermal power station in cloudy weather according to claim 1, wherein the historical DNI data is obtained from a sunlight meter accumulated and stored before a local meteorological department or a mirror field.
4. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station in the cloudy weather according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the flow rate of the molten salt in the pipeline of the heat absorption tower is adjusted simultaneously, so that the heat absorber is protected to the maximum extent, and the gap sunlight resource is utilized to the maximum extent.
5. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station in the cloudy weather according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the heat absorption tower is divided into three areas by a north mirror field, wherein the area I is the area with the highest comprehensive optical efficiency, the comprehensive optical efficiency is more than 95%, and the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area II is 90% -95%; the comprehensive optical efficiency of the third area is 80-90%; the heat absorption tower is divided into three areas in south, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area four is 75-85%, the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area five is 70-80%, and the comprehensive optical efficiency of the area six is the minimum and is below 70%.
6. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station in the cloudy weather as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the cloud cover appears, the heliostats in the area with the minimum comprehensive optical efficiency are adjusted to be photovoltaic panels facing the sun, and when the cloud cover is increased continuously, the heliostats in the other areas are adjusted gradually.
7. The method for improving the sunlight utilization rate of the solar thermal power station under the cloudy weather according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the cloud gradually disappears, the focusing work of all the heliostats is not recovered at once, but according to the ratio of the actually measured real-time DNI value to the DNI value at the historical reference time, the heliostats are slowly and gradually returned to the working state that the reflector reflects the sunlight from the area with low comprehensive optical efficiency, so that the heat absorber is buffered and adapted.
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| ES2963006A1 (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-03-22 | Centro De Investig Energeticas Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas Ciemat | Bifacial heliostat (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| CN110804451A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-02-18 | 东北电力大学 | System and process for providing heat for dry distillation of oil shale by using solar energy |
| CN110749112A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-02-04 | 浙江中控太阳能技术有限公司 | Control system and method for optimizing tower type solar thermal power station by utilizing reflection tower |
| CN111596698A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-28 | 浙江中光新能源科技有限公司 | Heliostat system for tower type photo-thermal power generation |
| CN112696836A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-23 | 青岛华丰伟业电力科技工程有限公司 | Tower type heliostat control system and method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2963006A1 (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-03-22 | Centro De Investig Energeticas Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas Ciemat | Bifacial heliostat (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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