CN111596698A - Heliostat system for tower type photo-thermal power generation - Google Patents
Heliostat system for tower type photo-thermal power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN111596698A CN111596698A CN202010440811.9A CN202010440811A CN111596698A CN 111596698 A CN111596698 A CN 111596698A CN 202010440811 A CN202010440811 A CN 202010440811A CN 111596698 A CN111596698 A CN 111596698A
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- heliostat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D3/00—Control of position or direction
- G05D3/12—Control of position or direction using feedback
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/20—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
Abstract
The invention discloses a heliostat system for tower-type photo-thermal power generation, aiming at the existing heliostat system, in the energy scheduling of a heliostat field, when the projection energy is too high, the reflected light spot of a heliostat is projected into the air and is not effectively utilized, so that the light abandoning problem of the heliostat field is caused; through laying the photovoltaic board at the reverse side of heliostat, utilize photovoltaic power generation subsystem under the not good or too big condition of illumination intensity, absorb the sunlight, convert light energy into the electric energy, for the self operation power supply in heliostat field or for the outer net power supply, avoid the heliostat field to abandon the light, improve the photoelectric efficiency in heliostat field, and then increase the economic benefits in heliostat field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of design of tower type photo-thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a heliostat system for tower type photo-thermal power generation.
Background
While the economy is continuously developed, the energy is in shortage day by day, the problem of environmental pollution is continuously revealed, and the development of new energy has become the key point of current social attention.
Solar energy is a high-quality green energy, and has high-quality light energy storage in some domestic areas, so that the average annual illumination quantity is considerable, and the solar energy solar generator has a value of developing solar power generation greatly. The photo-thermal power generation is a high-quality green power generation mode, has no pollution, can drive local economic development and provides a large number of working posts.
In the field of solar thermal power generation, tower type solar thermal power generation becomes a next novel energy technology capable of commercial operation due to the advantages of high light-heat conversion efficiency, high focusing temperature, simple installation and debugging of a control system, low heat dissipation loss and the like.
In the field of tower type solar thermal power generation, a heliostat is an important component of a tower type solar thermal power generation system. The heliostat reflects sunlight to the heat absorption tower, then passes through a heat transfer medium, and finally generates electricity by using a steam turbine.
In the operation process of the tower type solar thermal power station, the energy requirements needed to be projected onto the heat absorber in different operation stages are different, if the heat absorber needs less energy in the preheating stage, the energy projected onto the heat absorber needs to be reduced when the mirror field is shielded by clouds, so that the energy on the heat absorber is prevented from being changed violently after the mirrors are away by the clouds, when the heat absorber operates normally, when the direct solar radiation quantity of the mirror field is higher, the energy projected onto the heat absorber exceeds the design requirement of the heat absorber, the energy on the heat absorber needs to be reduced by energy scheduling, and the above requirements for energy scheduling of the mirror field are generally realized by controlling the motion of the heliostat in the current tower type solar mirror field. In the energy scheduling of the mirror field, when the projected energy is too high, a general solution is to set the target point of the heliostat to a safe position outside the heat absorber, so that the reflected light spot of the heliostat is projected into the air and is not effectively utilized, and the light abandoning of the mirror field is caused, which greatly affects the photoelectric efficiency of the mirror field, and further affects the economic benefit of the whole project, and a potential environmental problem exists, which is to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heliostat system for tower-type photo-thermal power generation, which can switch the operation modes of heliostats according to different illumination conditions and avoid light abandon of heliostat fields by utilizing multi-energy complementation.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a heliostat system for tower photo-thermal power generation comprising:
a heliostat control subsystem for controlling the mode of operation of heliostats in a heliostat field;
the mechanical subsystem is used for controlling the mirror surface of the heliostat to turn;
the photovoltaic power generation subsystem is used for photovoltaic power generation;
the photovoltaic power generation subsystem comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery pack; the photovoltaic panel completely covers the backlight surface of the heliostat, and is electrically connected with the storage battery pack;
the operation modes of the heliostat comprise a light condensation mode and a photovoltaic power generation mode; and the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in a condensation mode or a photovoltaic power generation mode according to weather information including a direct solar radiation value fed back by an environment detector arranged in the heliostat field.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the environment detector is a DNI measurement instrument;
when the DNI value measured by the environment detector is between 200W/m2～2500W/m2In the meantime, the heliostat control subsystem controls all heliostats in the heliostat field to operate in a light condensing mode and controls the mechanical subsystem to enable the mirror surface of each heliostat to face light;
when the DNI value measured by the environment detector is less than 200W/m2Or more than 2500W/m2And the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in a photovoltaic power generation mode, controls the mechanical subsystem to turn the heliostat of which the operation mode needs to be converted by 180 degrees, and changes the mirror surface to light into photovoltaic panel to light.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mechanical subsystem comprises two mechanical arms arranged on the heliostat support and used for assisting the heliostat to turn, and the mechanical arms receive a mode switching instruction of the heliostat control subsystem and turn the heliostat.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the heliostat comprises a mirror surface main body, a strut, a horizontal angle controller and an azimuth angle controller;
the bottom end of the strut is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the top end of the strut is connected with the mirror surface main body;
the mirror surface main body comprises four rectangular mirrors and a support, the four rectangular mirrors are symmetrically distributed on the support in pairs about the support, and the back surface of each rectangular mirror is covered with the photovoltaic panel;
the horizontal angle controller is arranged on the bracket of the mirror surface main body and used for adjusting the horizontal angle of the heliostat;
the azimuth controller is arranged at the joint of the mirror surface main body and the support column and used for adjusting the azimuth of the heliostat.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic panel is any one of a cadmium sulfide solar panel, a gallium arsenide solar panel and a copper indium selenide solar panel.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the storage battery pack is connected to a power supply system of the heliostat field to supply power to the heliostat field; or the storage battery pack is connected with an external power grid to transmit electric quantity to the external power grid.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the battery pack is a lithium battery or a lead-acid battery.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic power generation subsystem further comprises a charge-discharge controller, and the charge-discharge controller is electrically connected with the storage battery pack and controls charge and discharge of the storage battery pack.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
according to the heliostat system for tower-type photo-thermal power generation in one embodiment of the invention, aiming at the existing heliostat system, in the energy scheduling of a heliostat field, when the projection energy is too high, the reflection light spot of the heliostat is emitted into the air and is not effectively utilized, so that the light abandoning problem of the heliostat field is caused; through laying the photovoltaic board at the reverse side of heliostat, utilize photovoltaic power generation subsystem under the not good or too big condition of illumination intensity, absorb the sunlight, convert light energy into the electric energy, for the self operation power supply in heliostat field or for the outer net power supply, avoid the heliostat field to abandon the light, improve the photoelectric efficiency in heliostat field, and then increase the economic benefits in heliostat field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a heliostat system for tower photo-thermal power generation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a heliostat in a heliostat system for tower-type photothermal power generation in an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: a pillar; 2: a rectangular mirror; 3: a support; 4: a horizontal angle controller; 5: an azimuth controller; 6: a mechanical arm; 601: a first support arm; 602: a second support arm; 7: a battery pack; 8: a charge and discharge controller; 9: a heliostat controller; 10: a communicator.
Detailed Description
The heliostat system for tower-type solar-thermal power generation proposed by the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims.
The heliostat system provided by the invention is used for tower type solar photo-thermal power generation, a common tower type solar photo-thermal power station comprises a heliostat field, a heat absorption tower and a heat absorber, sunlight is reflected to the heat absorber of the heat absorption tower by adjusting the solar incident angle of a heliostat in the heliostat field, and then the sunlight passes through a heat transfer medium and finally a steam turbine is used for power generation.
In the operation process of the tower type solar photo-thermal power station, the energy requirements required to be projected onto the heat absorber in different operation stages are different, if the heat absorber needs less energy in the preheating stage, the energy projected onto the heat absorber needs to be reduced when the mirror field is shielded by clouds, so that the energy on the heat absorber is prevented from being changed violently after the clouds are removed; when the heat absorber normally operates, when the direct solar radiation amount of the mirror field is high, the energy projected onto the heat absorber exceeds the design requirement of the heat absorber, and then energy scheduling needs to be carried out to reduce the energy on the heat absorber. The above-mentioned need for mirror field energy extraction is generally achieved in current tower solar thermal power plants by motion control of the heliostats.
In the energy scheduling of the mirror field, when the projection energy is too high, a general solution is to set the target point of the heliostat to a safe position outside the heat absorber, so that the reflected light spot of the heliostat is projected into the air and is not effectively utilized, and the light abandoning of the mirror field is caused, which greatly affects the photoelectric efficiency of the mirror field, further affects the economic benefit of the whole project, and has a potential environmental problem.
Aiming at the problem that when the sunlight is shielded by the cloud (that is, the weather condition is not good) or the energy projected onto the heat absorber is too high, the solar power generation cannot be effectively utilized in the current tower-type solar photo-thermal power station, the embodiment provides a heliostat system for tower-type photo-thermal power generation, the operation modes of the heliostats can be switched according to different illumination conditions, and the problem that the light is abandoned in a heliostat field is solved by utilizing multi-energy complementation.
The details are as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the heliostat system for tower-type photothermal power generation includes a heliostat control subsystem, a mechanical subsystem, and a photovoltaic power generation subsystem.
The heliostat control subsystem is used for controlling the operation mode of the heliostat in a heliostat field and comprises an upper computer and a heliostat controller arranged in the heliostat. The operation modes of the heliostat are divided into a light condensation mode and a photovoltaic power generation mode. The light condensation mode is a common mode of tower type solar photo-thermal power generation, and reflects sunlight to a heat absorber of the heat absorption tower by adjusting the solar incident angle of a heliostat in a heliostat field; that is, the heliostat needs to be adjusted so that the mirror surface of the heliostat faces the light. In the photovoltaic power generation mode, the photovoltaic panel is used for absorbing solar energy to generate power, so that a photovoltaic power generation subsystem is required to be installed on the heliostat.
The photovoltaic power generation subsystem comprises a photovoltaic panel, a storage battery pack and a charge-discharge controller. The solar heliostat comprises a heliostat mirror surface, a photovoltaic panel, a storage battery, a charge-discharge controller and a storage battery, wherein the photovoltaic panel completely covers the back surface of the heliostat mirror surface, is electrically connected with the storage battery, stores electric quantity generated by absorbing solar energy in the storage battery, and is connected with the storage battery to control the charge and discharge of the storage battery. The storage battery pack can be connected with a power supply system in the heliostat field to supply power for the operation of the heliostat field; the storage battery pack can also be connected with an external power grid to convey electric quantity for the external power grid.
With the photovoltaic power generation subsystem, the heliostat can operate in a photovoltaic power generation mode. Then, when the heliostat should operate in the condensing mode and when it should operate in the photovoltaic power generation mode?
May be determined according to weather conditions. If the weather condition is not good, the heliostat is controlled to operate in a photovoltaic power generation mode; and when the weather condition is good, controlling the heliostat to operate in a light condensation mode. How to judge weather conditions?
An environment detector can be adopted to measure weather parameters such as illumination intensity and the like. The environment detector may be a DNI (Direct Normal radiometer) measuring instrument for measuring a Direct solar radiometer. And the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in a light condensation mode or a photovoltaic power generation mode according to the DNI value fed back by the DNI measuring instrument.
To enable quantitative control of the heliostat control subsystem, DNI thresholds are set in its control program. For example, when the DNI value is between 200W/m2～2500W/m2In the meantime, the weather is good, and the heliostat control subsystem controls all heliostats in the heliostat field to operate in a light condensation mode; when the DNI value is less than 200W/m2Or more than 2500W/m2And when the sunlight is in a photovoltaic power generation mode, the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in the photovoltaic power generation mode. How can the heliostat operational mode be switched? This requires the heliostat control subsystem to be coordinated with the mechanical subsystem.
The mechanical subsystem is used for controlling the heliostat to turn. The mechanical subsystem comprises a mechanical arm, a horizontal angle controller and an azimuth angle controller, wherein the mechanical arm is arranged on the heliostat and used for assisting the heliostat to turn over.
Referring to fig. 2, a conventional heliostat generally includes a support column 1, a mirror main body including a support frame 3 and rectangular mirrors 2, a horizontal angle controller 4, an azimuth angle controller 5, a heliostat controller 9, and a communicator 10, wherein the number of the rectangular mirrors 2 is four, and the four rectangular mirrors 2 are symmetrically arranged on the support frame 3 in pairs. The bottom of pillar 1 is fixed in ground through bolt or the mode of burying deeply, and the top of pillar 1 links firmly with support 3 of mirror surface main part. The horizontal angle controller 4 comprises a first mechanical rotating shaft for controlling the horizontal angle of the heliostat and a first motor connected with the first mechanical rotating shaft, and the first mechanical rotating shaft is connected with the rectangular mirror 2 to adjust the horizontal angle of the rectangular mirror 2. The azimuth controller 5 comprises a second mechanical rotating shaft for controlling the azimuth angle of the heliostat and a second motor connected with the second mechanical rotating shaft, and the second mechanical rotating shaft is connected with the rectangular mirror 2 to adjust the azimuth angle of the rectangular mirror 2. The heliostat controller 9 is arranged on the strut 1, and the heliostat controller 9 is electrically connected with the first motor and the second motor to control the operation of the first motor and the second motor. The communicator 10 is also provided on the strut 1, and is configured to receive an instruction from an upper computer and send the instruction to the heliostat controller 9.
The heliostat in this embodiment further includes two mechanical arms 6 for assisting the heliostat to turn, please refer to fig. 2, in which one end of the mechanical arm 6 is fixed to the support 3, and the other end of the mechanical arm 6 is fixed to the rectangular mirror 2, and when the mechanical arm 6 receives a mode switching instruction of the heliostat controller 9, the function of turning the rectangular mirror 2 can be realized. From fig. 2, it can be seen that the robot arm 6 is divided into two parts: the support comprises a first support arm 601 and a second support arm 602, wherein the first support arm 601 and the second support arm 602 are telescopically connected. The first arm 601 or the second arm 602 is provided with a driving part for receiving a command, and when the heliostat needs to switch the mode, the driving part drives the first arm 601 or the second arm 602 to operate, so as to turn the rectangular mirror 2.
Specifically, the operation process of the heliostat system is as follows:
when the heliostat is initially installed, its mirror surface is all light-directing. The method comprises the steps that a DNI measuring instrument (which can be arranged in a heliostat field or on a heat absorption tower) detects a solar direct radiation value (DNI value) in real time, the detected solar direct radiation value is sent to an upper computer, and the upper computer determines the operation mode of the heliostat according to a preset DNI threshold value.
When the DNI value is between 200W/m2～2500W/m2In the meantime, the upper computer sends a light-gathering mode instruction to the communicator 10 of each heliostat, and the communicator 10 receives the instruction and sends the instruction to the heliostat controller 9; after receiving the instruction, the heliostat controller 9 converts a control signal of the instruction into a pulse signal and sends the pulse signal to the first motor and the second motor, and controls the mirror surface of the heliostat to rotate to a proper angle for light condensation and heat collection.
When the DNI value is less than 200W/m2Or more than 2500W/m2When the heliostat receives the command, the upper computer sends a photovoltaic power generation mode command to the communicator 10 of the heliostat, and the communicator 10 receives the command and sends the command to the heliostat controller 9; after receiving the instruction, the heliostat controller 9 converts a control signal of the instruction into a pulse signal and sends the pulse signal to the mechanical arm 6, and the mechanical arm 6 turns over the heliostat, so that the photovoltaic panel emits light to perform photovoltaic power generation and charge the storage battery pack 7. The photovoltaic power generation mode is particularly suitable for the conditions of bad weather, such as when cloud and mist block the sun, and the heliostat needs to abandon light; under the condition, the operation mode of the heliostat is switched to the photovoltaic power generation mode, sunlight can be effectively utilized, the phenomenon that a large amount of light is abandoned in the heliostat field is avoided, the photoelectric efficiency of the heliostat field is improved, and the economic benefit of the heliostat field is increased.
In this embodiment, since the photovoltaic power generation subsystem is provided, the heliostat is further provided with a photovoltaic panel (not shown in fig. 2), a storage battery 7, and a charge/discharge controller 8. The photovoltaic panel is arranged on the reverse side of each rectangular mirror 2, and when the mirror surface of each rectangular mirror 2 faces light, the rectangular mirrors 2 are turned over for 180 degrees, so that the photovoltaic panel faces light. The storage battery pack 7 is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel and is used for storing electric quantity generated by photovoltaic power generation of the photovoltaic panel; the storage battery pack 7 can be connected with a power supply system of the heliostat field to supply power for the operation of the heliostat field; the storage battery 7 can also be connected with an external power grid to supply power to the external power grid.
The battery packs 7 may be parallel or series connected modules. When the storage battery 7 is a parallel component, the number of the parallel components is daily average load/daily output of the component; when battery pack 7 is a series assembly, the number of series assemblies is the voltage of the heliostat system/assembly voltage. The battery pack 7 may be a lithium battery pack or a lead-acid battery pack.
The charge and discharge controller 8 has a high voltage disconnection and recovery function, an under voltage warning and recovery function, a low voltage disconnection and recovery function, and a temperature compensation function. The high-voltage disconnection and recovery function, the under-voltage warning and recovery function and the low-voltage disconnection and recovery function can be achieved by feeding back a current voltage value through the voltage sampling circuit and matching the current voltage value with the control chip, and the temperature compensation function can be achieved by adjusting the float charging voltage for charging the storage battery according to the actually measured effective temperature after the monitoring unit detects the temperature of the storage battery.
In addition, the photovoltaic panel in this embodiment may be any one of a cadmium sulfide solar cell panel, a gallium arsenide solar cell panel, and a copper indium selenide solar cell panel.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, it is still within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A heliostat system for tower photo-thermal power generation, comprising:
a heliostat control subsystem for controlling the mode of operation of heliostats in a heliostat field;
the mechanical subsystem is used for controlling the mirror surface of the heliostat to turn;
the photovoltaic power generation subsystem is used for photovoltaic power generation;
the photovoltaic power generation subsystem comprises a photovoltaic panel and a storage battery pack; the photovoltaic panel completely covers the backlight surface of the heliostat, and is electrically connected with the storage battery pack;
the operation modes of the heliostat comprise a light condensation mode and a photovoltaic power generation mode; and the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in a condensation mode or a photovoltaic power generation mode according to weather information including a direct solar radiation value fed back by an environment detector arranged in the heliostat field.
2. The heliostat system of claim 1 wherein the environmental detector is a DNI meter;
when the DNI value measured by the environment detector is between 200W/m2～2500W/m2In the meantime, the heliostat control subsystem controls all heliostats in the heliostat field to operate in a light condensing mode and controls the mechanical subsystem to enable the mirror surface of each heliostat to face light;
when the DNI value measured by the environment detector is less than 200W/m2Or more than 2500W/m2And the heliostat control subsystem controls the heliostat to operate in a photovoltaic power generation mode, controls the mechanical subsystem to turn the heliostat of which the operation mode needs to be converted by 180 degrees, and changes the mirror surface to light into photovoltaic panel to light.
3. The heliostat system for tower photothermal power according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the mechanical subsystem comprises two robotic arms disposed on the heliostat support for assisting in turning the heliostat, the robotic arms receiving the mode switching instructions of the heliostat control subsystem to turn the heliostat.
4. The heliostat system for tower photo-thermal power generation of claim 3 wherein the heliostat comprises a mirror body, a strut, a horizontal angle controller and an azimuth angle controller;
the bottom end of the strut is fixedly arranged on the ground, and the top end of the strut is connected with the mirror surface main body;
the mirror surface main body comprises four rectangular mirrors and a support, the four rectangular mirrors are symmetrically distributed on the support in pairs about the support, and the back surface of each rectangular mirror is covered with the photovoltaic panel;
the horizontal angle controller is arranged on the bracket of the mirror surface main body and used for adjusting the horizontal angle of the heliostat;
the azimuth controller is arranged at the joint of the mirror surface main body and the support column and used for adjusting the azimuth of the heliostat.
5. The heliostat system of claim 1 wherein the photovoltaic panel is any of a cadmium sulfide solar panel, a gallium arsenide solar panel, a copper indium selenide solar panel.
6. The heliostat system for tower solar-thermal power generation of claim 1 wherein the battery pack is connected to a power supply system of the heliostat field to supply power to the heliostat field; or the storage battery pack is connected with an external power grid to transmit electric quantity to the external power grid.
7. The heliostat system of claim 6 wherein the battery pack is a lithium battery or a lead-acid battery.
8. The heliostat system for tower photo-thermal power generation of claim 1 wherein the photovoltaic power generation subsystem further comprises a charge-discharge controller electrically connected to the battery pack to control charging and discharging of the battery pack.
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| CN114322329A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 山东电力建设第三工程有限公司 | Method for improving sunlight utilization rate of solar thermal power station in cloudy weather |
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