CN114310494B - Steel bearing ring and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Steel bearing ring and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114310494B CN114310494B CN202111580417.6A CN202111580417A CN114310494B CN 114310494 B CN114310494 B CN 114310494B CN 202111580417 A CN202111580417 A CN 202111580417A CN 114310494 B CN114310494 B CN 114310494B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 68
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: 1) Quenching and deep cooling the steel bearing ring blank; 2) Tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, and performing cryogenic treatment after the first tempering to ensure that the volume content of residual austenite of the obtained steel bearing ring blank is within 2%; 3) Grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises rough grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilization treatment is respectively carried out after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is higher than the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding; 4) And 3) carrying out channel finish grinding and channel lapping treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3). The method realizes effective control of surface layer and internal residual stress during bearing ring processing, and greatly improves precision retention and deformation resistance of the bearing in service process, thereby realizing stable improvement of bearing service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel bearing preparation, in particular to a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The M50 bearing steel has high wear resistance, strength and high temperature stability, and is widely used for preparing bearing rings used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, maritime work and the like. A typical failure mode during service of a bearing is due to poor retention of precision caused by excessive residual tensile stress and micro-deformation, thereby exceeding the yield strength of the material. As plastic deformation continues to accumulate, the bearing working surfaces wear severely and fail. Therefore, in order to maintain the precision of the bearing, the residual stress of the bearing needs to be controlled to slow down the occurrence of micro deformation, that is, the residual tensile stress of the body of the bearing ring (that is, the residual tensile stress inside the bearing ring) is reduced by adopting an internal-external combination mode, and meanwhile, the surface layer compressive stress of the bearing ring is improved. Thus, the crack initiation and the crack extension can be delayed while the micro-deformation is reduced, and the wear resistance and the fatigue life are increased.
In the conventional residual stress control, heat treatment and cold working are often regarded as isolation, for example, the residual austenite content is reduced by adjusting the heat treatment process in the machining process of the M50 bearing steel, and the surface compressive stress is improved by cold working modes such as shot blasting, laser impact, mechanical rolling and the like.
Because the independent surface strengthening process is not widely applied, the residual stress control method often cannot effectively connect the heat treatment and cold working processes, has the defects of uneven deformation, time consumption and the like, and has poor effect in factory implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof, and the method simultaneously realizes effective control of residual stress during bearing ring processing, and greatly improves the precision retention and deformation resistance of the bearing in the service process, thereby realizing stable promotion of the service life of the bearing.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a steel bearing ring is provided, comprising:
1) Quenching and deep cooling the steel bearing ring blank;
2) Tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, and performing cryogenic treatment after the first tempering to ensure that the volume content of residual austenite of the obtained steel bearing ring blank is within 2%;
3) Grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises rough grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilization treatment is respectively carried out after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is higher than the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding;
4) And 3) carrying out channel finish grinding and channel lapping treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3) to obtain the steel bearing ring.
Specifically, the steel bearing ring in the invention can be a whole-circle bearing ring or a half-circle bearing ring, and the invention is not limited; the steel bearing ring blank is obtained by processing and forming M50 steel materials, the concrete processing method is the same as the blank processing method in the conventional preparation method of the steel bearing ring, and the invention is not limited.
In a specific embodiment, the steel bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring.
In some embodiments, the quenching conditions in step 1) include:
quenching temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and heat preservation time is 20-60min; preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-50min, more preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1110 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 30-40min;
the M50 steel bearing ring blank is cooled to below 200 ℃ in less than 30 minutes, preferably to below 150 ℃ in 25 minutes, further preferably to below 100 ℃ in 18 minutes during rapid cooling.
In some embodiments, to further reduce the austenite content, the cryogenic treatment in step 1) is performed at a cryogenic temperature of less than-50 ℃, for a cooling time of 1 to 3 hours, preferably less than-65 ℃, for a cooling time of 1 to 2.5 hours, more preferably no more than-75 ℃, for a cooling time of 1 to 2.5 hours.
In some embodiments, to sufficiently stabilize the tissue, remove residual stress, tempering the tissue more than or equal to 3 times, with a tempering temperature of 480-550 ℃ each time, and a holding time of 1-3 hours in step 2), and in a preferred embodiment, with a tempering temperature of 530-550 ℃ each time, and a holding time of 1-2.5 hours; in another preferred embodiment, the tempering temperature is 510-530 ℃ each time and the holding time is 2-3 hours. When the tempering times are more than or equal to 3 and the tempering conditions meet the conditions of the preferred embodiment, the residual austenite content after multiple tempering is not more than 1%.
Alternatively, the lower limit value of each tempering temperature may be selected from 480 ℃, 500 ℃, 520 ℃ or 540 ℃, and the upper limit value of each tempering temperature may be selected from 500 ℃, 520 ℃, 540 ℃ or 550 ℃; the lower limit value of the heat preservation time of each tempering can be selected from 1h, 70min or 2.5h, and the upper limit value of the heat preservation time of each tempering can be selected from 70min, 2.5h or 3h.
In some embodiments, the cryogenic treatment performed after the first tempering in step 2) is performed at a cryogenic temperature of less than-50 ℃ for a cooling time of 1-3 hours, preferably less than-65 ℃ for a cooling time of 1-2.5 hours, more preferably no more than-75 ℃ for a cooling time of 1-2.5 hours. And the rest tempering is performed by adopting a conventional cooling mode.
Stabilizing the structure by the organic combination of one quenching and multiple backheating treatments and cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic treatment after quenching can further reduce the austenite content and refine the structure at the same time; the size of the martensite can be further reduced by the deep cooling treatment after the first tempering, carbon atoms are separated out due to the compression of crystal lattices, and nano-scale precipitated phases are increased due to the difficulty in low-temperature diffusion. The treatment can realize the reduction of the depth of the residual austenite (less than or equal to 2 percent) on the premise of ensuring the hardness and the wear resistance, and simultaneously release the thermal stress and the phase change stress.
In some embodiments, in step 3):
the tempering stabilization temperature of tempering stabilization treatment after rough grinding is 450-550 ℃ and the stabilization time is 1-4h; in a preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is 530-550 ℃ and the stabilization time is 1-2h; in another preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is 480-530 ℃ and the stabilization time is 2-3h; in a further preferred embodiment, the post-rough grinding tempering stabilization temperature is 450-480 ℃ and the stabilization time is 3-4 hours.
Optionally, the lower limit value of the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is selected from 450 ℃, 520 ℃, 525 ℃ or 530 ℃, and the upper limit value is selected from 520 ℃, 525 ℃, 530 ℃ or 550 ℃; the lower limit value of tempering stabilization after rough grinding is selected from 1h, 2h or 2.5h, and the upper limit value is selected from 2h, 2.5h or 4h.
The tempering stabilization temperature of tempering stabilization treatment after fine grinding is 100-300 ℃ and the stabilization time is 2-5h; in a preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the stabilization time is 2-4 hours; in another preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature is 100-200 ℃ and the stabilization time is 3-5h.
Optionally, the lower limit value of the tempering stabilization temperature after refining is selected from 100 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ or 250 ℃, and the upper limit value is selected from 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 250 ℃ or 300 ℃; the lower limit value of tempering stability after rough grinding is selected from 2 hours or 4 hours, and the upper limit value is selected from 4 hours or 5 hours.
In an alternative embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is 480-530 ℃ and the stabilization time is 2-3 hours; the tempering stabilization temperature after fine grinding is 200-300 ℃, and the stabilization time is 2-4h. When the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding and finish grinding satisfies this condition, the structure can be further stabilized while the grinding is appropriately released to cause high stress.
The internal and surface layer residual stress is controlled simultaneously through the high-low temperature combined stable tempering, and the high-low temperature combined stable tempering further reduces the body residual stress and stabilizes the tissues.
In some embodiments, the channel finish in step 4) has a wheel feed speed of 0.001 to 0.005mm/s, wherein the wheel used is a conventional finish grinding wheel, preferably a 220 mesh or 120 mesh wheel, more preferably green silicon carbide GC120;
the pressure of the channel lapping oilstone is 1.0-1.5N, and the used oilstone is conventional lapping oilstone, preferably green silicon carbide GC1000.
The M50 high-carbon high-alloy bearing steel has higher carbon content and alloy content, so that the generation of stress is also aggravated by a special large amount of primary carbide phases in addition to residual stress caused by thermal stress and structural stress in the heat treatment process. The residual stress of the M50 steel bearing ring is sensitive to the grinding process in the finish grinding and lapping processes, the residual compressive stress after finishing grinding of the channel is maximized through the selection of a finish grinding wheel and the control of the feeding speed, the reduction of the residual compressive stress on the surface layer is reduced as much as possible through the type of the lapping oilstone and the control of the pressure, and the surface layer lamination stress is further improved while the reduction of the internal tensile stress of the final ring is ensured.
In other embodiments, the steel bearing ring may also be a steel bearing ring with tempered martensite structure such as GCr15, GCr15SiMn, 9Cr18, etc., and specific process parameters thereof are adjusted as required to ensure that the tensile stress in the final ring is reduced, and at the same time, the surface lamination stress is further improved.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a steel bearing ring prepared by the method of any one of the above.
Specifically, the steel bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring, the maximum residual tensile stress is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface layer residual compressive stress is less than or equal to-510 MPaMPa.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the preparation method of the steel bearing ring, the residual austenite content is reduced through a heat treatment process with one quenching and multiple times, the tissue is further refined through the synergistic effect of the deep cooling after quenching and the deep cooling treatment after one time, the residual austenite content is reduced to be less than 2%, grinding stress is properly reduced through high-low temperature stable tempering after rough grinding and fine grinding, the tissue is further stabilized, and the surface layer compressive stress is improved through channel finish grinding and finish grinding. In the case of an M50 steel bearing ring, the maximum residual tensile stress is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface layer compressive residual stress is less than or equal to-510 MPa; the method does not need to increase the processing procedures such as shot blasting, laser impact, mechanical rolling and the like, shortens the production period, and avoids the problems of uneven overall deformation and the like of the ferrule caused by the processing procedures such as shot blasting, laser impact, mechanical rolling and the like.
In order to achieve the aim of better residual stress control, the invention synchronously completes the following technical innovation: firstly, the optimized heat treatment process is utilized to reduce the phase change stress, secondly, the stable tempering process after cold working is adopted, on one hand, the high stress caused by grinding is properly released, meanwhile, the structure can be further stabilized, and thirdly, the process of cold working such as fine grinding and lapping processes and the grinding tool control are utilized to strengthen the surface residual compressive stress. The coordination control method is carried out by means of the bearing ring preparation process, can thoroughly realize control of residual stress of the body and the surface, and avoids the problem of unstable service life caused by insufficient precision retention and unsuitable residual stress.
According to the preparation method of the steel bearing ring, the internal residual tensile stress is reduced by heat treatment, the surface layer residual compressive stress is improved by optimizing the cold working process of the bearing ring, and the precision retention and deformation resistance of the bearing in the service process are greatly improved, so that the service life of the bearing is stably prolonged, and the service safety is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling residual stress of an M50 steel bearing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a graph showing the residual stress distribution of the bearing inner ring number one obtained in embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein the right graph is an enlarged view of a portion of the bearing inner ring number one;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the residual stress distribution of the bearing inner ring No. 2 according to the embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the right graph is an enlarged view of a portion of the bearing inner ring in the left graph;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the residual stress distribution of the bearing inner ring No. three obtained in example 3 of the present invention, wherein the right graph is an enlarged view of a portion of the bearing inner ring shown in the left graph.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an M50 steel bearing ring, which comprises the following specific implementation process flows:
(1) And (3) carrying out a quenching process of the bearing steel blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60min. Preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1120 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 30-50min; further preferably, the quenching temperature is 1085-1100 ℃ and the holding time is 30-40min. And then the steel is rapidly cooled to be lower than 200 ℃ within 30min, so that the cooling speed and the cooling temperature can ensure thorough martensite and hardness improvement, and micro-deformation caused by hardness reduction in the subsequent working procedure or the service process is relieved. In another embodiment, it is preferably cooled rapidly to less than 150 ℃ within 25 minutes, and further preferably cooled rapidly to less than 100 ℃ within 18 minutes. Then carrying out cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic temperature is less than-50 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3h, preferably less than-65 ℃, and the cooling time is 2-3h; more preferably less than-75℃and a cooling time of 1 to 2 hours. Then, tempering is carried out for a plurality of times, preferably at least three times, tempering temperature and heat preservation time are set to achieve the aim of reducing the residual austenite content to be within 2 percent, and the temperature is preferably 500-550 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours; further preferably, the temperature is 530-550 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 hours; further preferably, the temperature is between 510 and 530 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 2 to 3 hours. After the first tempering, a sub-zero treatment is carried out, the sub-zero temperature is less than-50 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3h, preferably less than-65 ℃, the cooling time is 2-3h, and even more preferably less than-75 ℃, and the cooling time is 1-2h. After quenching and first tempering, the deep cooling treatment is carried out, so that the purposes of refining the structure and further reducing the austenite content can be achieved.
(2) Grinding treatment including rough grinding and fine grinding is performed after the one-quenching multi-pass performance heat treatment. Tempering stabilization treatment is performed after each grinding, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature and the stabilization time are set to achieve further stabilization of the tissue, preferably the stabilization temperature after rough grinding is between 450 and 550 ℃, the stabilization time is between 1 and 4 hours, preferably between 530 and 550 ℃ in one embodiment, and the stabilization time is between 1 and 2 hours; in another embodiment preferably between 480 and 530, the settling time is 2 to 3 hours, in another embodiment preferably between 450 and 480, the settling time is 3 to 4 hours; the stabilizing temperature after fine grinding is between 100 and 300 ℃, the stabilizing time is 2 to 5 hours, the stabilizing temperature is preferably between 200 and 300 ℃, the stabilizing time is 2 to 3 hours, the stabilizing temperature is preferably between 100 and 200 ℃ in another embodiment, and the stabilizing time is 3 to 5 hours. Such high and low temperature additional tempering further reduces the residual stress of the body, stabilizing the structure.
(3) Carrying out channel finish grinding treatment by adopting proper grinding wheel feeding speed and grinding wheel type to obtain the maximum surface layer compressive stress, wherein the grinding wheel feeding speed is preferably 0.001-0.005mm/s, and the grinding wheel type is preferably green silicon carbide and the like; and appropriate oilstones and pressure are adopted for channel lapping, the preferable oilstone pressure is 1.0-1.5N, the preferable oilstone type is green silicon carbide and the like, so that the reduction of the surface layer compressive stress is reduced as much as possible, and the fatigue life in the service process is prolonged.
(4) By adopting the mode of combining the cold and hot processing technology, the maximum residual tensile stress of the obtained ferrule is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface layer compressive stress is less than or equal to-510 MPa.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention organically combines and promotes the heat treatment process and the cold working process to play a role together by accurately controlling the heat treatment process and the cold working process, so that the internal tensile stress is reduced, the surface lamination stress is further improved, and the requirements of precision maintainability and long service life of the bearing in the service process are ensured.
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention:
example 1
Adopting M50 steel to machine to obtain a first bearing half inner ring blank, quenching the blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1110 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, and the blank is cooled to be lower than 100 ℃ after 15 min; after quenching, carrying out cryogenic cooling, wherein the cryogenic cooling temperature is minus 68 ℃ and the duration is 1h; treating the blank after deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the time are the same, the tempering temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, the blank after the first tempering is subjected to deep cooling, the deep cooling temperature is-68 ℃, the duration is 1 hour, and the volume content of the residual austenite after the three-time tempering is 0.9%; carrying out rough grinding and fine grinding on the obtained blank, and respectively carrying out tempering stabilization treatment after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is 550 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time after the fine grinding is 1h, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding is 140 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time after the fine grinding is 4h; finally, channel finish grinding and lapping are carried out, wherein the feeding speed of a channel finish grinding wheel is 0.002mm/s, and the type of the grinding wheel is green silicon carbide GC120; the lapping oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.5N. Finally, a final inner ring with proper residual stress control is obtained, and the volume content of the residual austenite is 0.5 percent, the maximum residual tensile stress is 110MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-520 MPa, which are measured by an X-ray diffractometer, referring to figure 2.
Example 2
Adopting M50 steel turning to obtain a second bearing semi-inner ring blank, quenching the blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1075 ℃, the heat preservation time is 40min, and the blank is cooled to be lower than 100 ℃ after 13 min; the cryogenic temperature after quenching is-75 ℃ and the duration is 2.5h; treating the blank after deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the time are the same, the tempering temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5h, the deep cooling temperature after the first tempering is-75 ℃, the duration is 2.5h, and the volume content of the retained austenite after the three-time tempering is 0.8%; carrying out rough grinding and fine grinding on the obtained blank, wherein tempering stabilization treatment is respectively carried out after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is 525 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time is 2.5h, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding is 250 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time is 4h; finally, channel finish grinding and lapping are carried out, wherein the feeding speed of a channel finish grinding wheel is 0.002mm/s, and the type of the grinding wheel is a 220-mesh grinding wheel; the lapping oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.2N. Finally, an inner ring with proper residual stress control is obtained, and the volume content of the residual austenite is 0.5 percent, the maximum residual tensile stress is 100MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-579 MPa, which are measured by an X-ray diffractometer, referring to figure 3.
Example 3
Adopting M50 steel to machine to obtain a third bearing semi-inner ring blank, quenching the blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1110 ℃, the heat preservation time is 35min, and the blank is cooled to be lower than 100 ℃ after 14 min; the cryogenic temperature after quenching is-70 ℃ and the duration is 70min; treating the blank subjected to deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the three-time tempering time are the same, the tempering temperature is 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 130min, the deep cooling temperature after the first tempering is-70 ℃, the duration is 70min, and the volume content of residual austenite after the three-time tempering is 1.4%; carrying out rough grinding and fine grinding on the obtained blank, wherein tempering stabilization treatment is respectively carried out after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is 520 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time after the fine grinding is 2.5h, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding is 135 ℃ and the tempering stabilization time after the fine grinding is 4h; finally, channel finish grinding and lapping are carried out, wherein the feeding speed of a channel finish grinding wheel is 0.0025mm/s, and the grinding wheel type is green silicon carbide GC120; the lapping oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.3N. Finally, an inner ring with proper residual stress control is obtained, and the volume content of the residual austenite is 1.0 percent, the maximum residual tensile stress is 140MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-550 MPa, which are measured by an X-ray diffractometer, referring to figure 4.
Example 4
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the tempering temperature is 480 ℃ each time, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, and the volume content of the retained austenite after three tempering is 1.8%. The final inner ring obtained has the residual austenite volume content of 1.5% measured by an X-ray diffractometer, the maximum residual tensile stress of 130MPa and the surface layer residual stress of-510 MPa.
Example 5
The preparation process was essentially the same as in example 2, except that the tempering temperature after rough grinding was 530℃and the holding time was 2 hours. The final inner ring obtained has the volume content of residual austenite of 0.65 percent, the maximum residual tensile stress of 138MPa and the surface layer residual stress of-563 Pa measured by an X-ray diffractometer.
Example 6
The preparation process was essentially the same as in example 3, except that the tempering temperature after rough grinding was 450℃and the holding time was 4 hours. The final inner ring obtained has a residual austenite volume content of 1.1% as measured by an X-ray diffractometer, a maximum residual tensile stress of 145MPa and a surface layer residual stress of-525 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The same preparation method as in example 1 was carried out, except that no cryogenic treatment was carried out after the first tempering, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding was 540 ℃ for 1.5 hours, the tempering stabilization temperature after finish grinding was 135 ℃ for 3 hours, the final inner ring was obtained, the residual austenite volume content measured by an X-ray diffractometer was 2.6%, the maximum residual tensile stress was 270MPa, and the surface layer residual stress was-450 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 1, except that the tempering stabilization method after rough grinding and fine grinding is the same, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature is 220 ℃, the time is 4 hours, the volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer is 2.8%, the maximum residual tensile stress is 230MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-420 MPa.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the advantageous features of the various aspects described above may be freely combined and stacked without conflict.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. In particular, the features of the disclosed embodiments may be combined with each other in any way, as long as there is no conflict, and the present disclosure is not to be considered as exhaustive or exhaustive of all embodiments, except for the point of view of omitting the details and saving resources. And obvious variations or modifications thereof are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the M50 steel bearing ring is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Quenching and deep cooling the steel bearing ring blank; wherein the quenching temperature is 1060-1130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60min; after quenching treatment, carrying out cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic treatment is less than-50 ℃ and is more than-75 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3h, and the M50 steel bearing ring blank is cooled to be lower than 200 ℃ within less than 30min during rapid cooling;
2) Tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, wherein the tempering frequency is more than or equal to 3, the tempering temperature is 480-550 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 hours; after the first tempering, carrying out cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic temperature is less than minus 50 ℃, and the cooling time is 1-3 hours, so that the volume content of residual austenite of the steel bearing ring blank is within 1%;
3) Grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises rough grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilization treatment is respectively carried out after the rough grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is higher than the tempering stabilization temperature after the fine grinding;
4) Carrying out channel finish grinding and channel lapping treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3) to obtain a steel bearing ring; wherein the feeding speed of the grinding wheel for finishing the channel is 0.001-0.005mm/s, and the pressure of the channel lapping oilstone is 1.0-1.5N;
the M50 steel bearing ring prepared by the preparation method has the maximum internal residual tensile stress of less than or equal to 150MPa and the surface layer residual compressive stress of less than or equal to-510 MPa.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 3):
the tempering stabilization temperature of tempering stabilization treatment after rough grinding is 450-550 ℃ and the stabilization time is 1-4h;
the tempering stabilization temperature of the tempering stabilization treatment after fine grinding is 100-300 ℃ and the stabilization time is 2-5h.
3. An M50 steel bearing ring prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 2, which has a maximum internal residual tensile stress of 150MPa or less and a surface layer residual compressive stress of-510 MPa or less.
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