CN114310494A - Steel bearing ring and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Steel bearing ring and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114310494A CN114310494A CN202111580417.6A CN202111580417A CN114310494A CN 114310494 A CN114310494 A CN 114310494A CN 202111580417 A CN202111580417 A CN 202111580417A CN 114310494 A CN114310494 A CN 114310494A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 73
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) quenching and subzero treatment are carried out on the steel bearing ring blank; 2) tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, and carrying out cryogenic treatment after the first tempering so that the volume content of the residual austenite of the obtained steel bearing ring blank is within 2%; 3) grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilizing treatment is respectively carried out after the coarse grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilizing temperature after the coarse grinding is higher than the tempering stabilizing temperature after the fine grinding; 4) and 3) performing channel final grinding and channel lapping treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3). The method realizes effective control of surface layer and internal residual stress during processing of the bearing ring, greatly improves precision retentivity and deformation resistance of the bearing in service process, and accordingly realizes stable promotion of the service life of the bearing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel bearing preparation, in particular to a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The M50 bearing steel has high wear resistance, strength and high-temperature stability, and is widely used for preparing bearing rings used in the fields of aviation, aerospace, maritime work and the like. A typical failure mode during service of a bearing is due to poor precision retention and micro-deformation resulting from excessive residual tensile stress, exceeding the yield strength of the material. As plastic deformation continues to accumulate, the bearing running surfaces wear out severely and fail. Therefore, in order to maintain the precision of the bearing and to alleviate the occurrence of micro-deformation, it is necessary to control the residual stress of the bearing, that is, to reduce the body residual tensile stress of the bearing ring (i.e., the internal residual tensile stress of the bearing ring) and to increase the surface compressive stress thereof by adopting an internal-external combination method. Therefore, while micro deformation is reduced, crack initiation and propagation can be delayed, and the wear resistance and the fatigue life are increased.
In the conventional residual stress control, heat treatment and cold working are considered separately, for example, the residual austenite content is reduced by adjusting the heat treatment process in the machining process of the M50 bearing steel, and the surface compressive stress is increased by cold working methods such as shot blasting, laser shock, mechanical rolling, and the like.
Because the independent surface strengthening process is not widely applied, the residual stress control method often cannot effectively connect the heat treatment process with the cold working process, has the defects of non-uniform deformation, time consumption and the like, and has poor effect in factory implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel bearing ring and a preparation method thereof, which realize effective control of residual stress during the processing of the bearing ring, greatly improve the precision retentivity and the deformation resistance of the bearing in the service process and further realize the stable promotion of the service life of the bearing.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a steel bearing ring is provided, which comprises:
1) quenching and subzero treatment are carried out on the steel bearing ring blank;
2) tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, and carrying out cryogenic treatment after the first tempering so that the volume content of the residual austenite of the obtained steel bearing ring blank is within 2%;
3) grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilizing treatment is respectively carried out after the coarse grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilizing temperature after the coarse grinding is higher than the tempering stabilizing temperature after the fine grinding;
4) and (3) performing channel final grinding and channel fine grinding treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3) to obtain the steel bearing ring.
Specifically, the steel bearing ring in the invention can be a whole ring bearing ring or a half ring bearing ring, and the invention is not limited; the steel bearing ring blank is obtained by processing and forming M50 steel, the specific processing method is the same as the blank processing method in the conventional preparation method of the steel bearing ring, and the invention is not limited.
In a specific embodiment, the steel bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring.
In some embodiments, the conditions of the quenching in step 1) include:
the quenching temperature is 1060-; preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1120 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30-50min, more preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1110 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-40 min;
the M50 steel bearing ring blank is cooled to below 200 ℃ within less than 30min during rapid cooling, preferably rapidly cooled to below 150 ℃ within 25min, and further preferably rapidly cooled to below 100 ℃ within 18 min.
In some embodiments, to further reduce the austenite content and refine the structure, the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic treatment in step 1) is less than-50 ℃ and the cooling time is 1-3h, preferably less than-65 ℃, the cooling time is 1-2.5h, more preferably not more than-75 ℃, and the cooling time is 1-2.5 h.
In some embodiments, in order to sufficiently stabilize the structure and remove the residual stress, the tempering time is not less than 3 times, the temperature for each tempering in step 2) is 480-; in another preferred embodiment, the temperature of each tempering is 510-530 ℃, and the holding time is 2-3 h. When the tempering times are more than or equal to 3 times and the tempering conditions meet the conditions of the preferred embodiment, the content of the retained austenite after the multiple tempering is not more than 1%.
Alternatively, the lower limit value of each tempering temperature can be selected from 480 ℃, 500 ℃, 520 ℃ or 540 ℃, and the upper limit value of each tempering temperature can be selected from 500 ℃, 520 ℃, 540 ℃ or 550 ℃; the lower limit value of the heat preservation time for each tempering can be selected from 1 hour, 70min or 2.5 hours, and the upper limit value of the heat preservation time for each tempering can be selected from 70min, 2.5 hours or 3 hours.
In some embodiments, the cryogenic treatment is performed after the first tempering in step 2), wherein the cryogenic temperature is less than-50 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3 hours, preferably less than-65 ℃, the cooling time is 1-2.5 hours, more preferably not more than-75 ℃, and the cooling time is 1-2.5 hours. And after the rest tempering, adopting a conventional cooling mode.
The structure is stabilized through the organic combination of one-quenching multi-heat treatment and cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic treatment after quenching can further reduce the austenite content and refine the structure; and the cryogenic treatment after the first tempering can further reduce the size of martensite, carbon atoms are precipitated due to the pressure of crystal lattices, and a nanoscale precipitated phase is increased due to the difficulty in low-temperature diffusion. The treatment can realize the reduction of the depth of the retained austenite (less than or equal to 2 percent) on the premise of ensuring the hardness and the wear resistance, and simultaneously release the thermal stress and the phase change stress.
In some embodiments, in step 3):
the tempering stabilizing temperature of the tempering stabilizing treatment after coarse grinding is 450-550 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 1-4 h; in a preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilizing temperature after rough grinding is 530 ℃ and 550 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 1-2 h; in another preferred embodiment, the tempering and stabilizing temperature after rough grinding is 480-530 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 2-3 h; in still another preferred embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is 450-480 ℃, and the stabilization time is 3-4 h.
Optionally, the lower limit of the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is selected from 450 ℃, 520 ℃, 525 ℃ or 530 ℃, and the upper limit is selected from 520 ℃, 525 ℃, 530 ℃ or 550 ℃; the lower limit value of the tempering stability after rough grinding is selected from 1h, 2h or 2.5h, and the upper limit value is selected from 2h, 2.5h or 4 h.
The tempering stabilizing temperature of the tempering stabilizing treatment after fine grinding is 100-300 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 2-5 h; in a preferred embodiment, the tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the stabilization time is 2-4 h; in another preferred embodiment, the tempering temperature is 100-.
Optionally, the lower limit value of the tempering stabilizing temperature after fine grinding is selected from 100 ℃, 135 ℃, 140 ℃ or 250 ℃, and the upper limit value is selected from 135 ℃, 140 ℃, 250 ℃ or 300 ℃; the lower limit value of the tempering stability after rough grinding is selected from 2h or 4h, and the upper limit value is selected from 4h or 5 h.
In an optional embodiment, the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding is 480-530 ℃, and the stabilization time is 2-3 h; the tempering stabilizing temperature after fine grinding is 200-300 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 2-4 h. When the tempering stabilization temperature after rough grinding and finish grinding satisfies this condition, the structure can be further stabilized while appropriately releasing the high stress caused by grinding.
The internal and surface residual stress can be simultaneously controlled through the high-low temperature composite stable tempering, and the high-low temperature composite stable tempering further reduces the body residual stress and stabilizes the structure.
In some embodiments, the feed rate of the grinding wheel for the channel final grinding in step 4) is 0.001-0.005mm/s, wherein the grinding wheel used is a conventional final grinding wheel, preferably a 220 mesh grinding wheel or a 120 mesh grinding wheel, more preferably green silicon carbide GC 120;
the pressure of the channel lapping oilstone is 1.0-1.5N, the used oilstone is conventional lapping oilstone, and green silicon carbide GC1000 is preferred.
The M50 high carbon high alloy bearing steel has a high carbon and alloy content, resulting in a characteristic large primary carbide phase that exacerbates stress development during heat treatment in addition to residual stresses caused by thermal and structural stresses. The residual stress of the M50 steel bearing ring in the final grinding and lapping process is sensitive to the grinding process, the residual compressive stress after the channel is finally ground is maximized by the selection of a final grinding wheel and the control of the feeding speed, the reduction of the residual compressive stress of the surface layer is reduced as much as possible by the control of the type and the pressure of the lapping oilstone, and the tensile stress in the final ring is reduced, and the residual compressive stress of the surface layer is further improved.
In other embodiments, the steel bearing ring may also be a steel bearing ring with a tempered martensite structure, such as GCr15, GCr15SiMn, 9Cr18, etc., and specific process parameters thereof are adjusted as required to ensure that the surface compressive stress is further improved while the tensile stress in the final ring is reduced.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a steel bearing ring prepared by the method of any one of the above-mentioned methods.
Specifically, the steel bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring, the maximum body residual tensile stress is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface layer residual compressive stress is less than or equal to-510 MPaMPa.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the preparation method of the steel bearing ring provided by the invention reduces the content of the residual austenite through the heat treatment process of one quenching and multiple returning, further refining the structure and deeply removing the retained austenite by the synergistic effect of the post-quenching deep cooling and the one-time post-deep cooling treatment, so that the content of the retained austenite is reduced to be within 2 percent, the grinding stress is properly reduced through the high-low temperature stable tempering after coarse grinding and accurate grinding, the structure is further stabilized, the surface layer compressive stress is improved through channel final grinding and fine grinding, the method combines the heat treatment with the conventional processing technology of the steel bearing ring, not only realizes the reduction of the residual tensile stress of the body in the original preparation process flow of the steel bearing ring, the residual compressive stress of the surface layer is effectively improved, the effective control on the residual stress is completed, and the steel bearing ring with reduced residual tensile stress and improved residual compressive stress of the surface layer is obtained; when the bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring, the maximum body residual tensile stress is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface layer compressive residual stress is less than or equal to-510 MPa; the method does not need to add processing procedures such as shot blasting, laser shock, mechanical rolling and the like, not only shortens the production period, but also avoids the problems of uneven overall deformation of the ferrule and the like caused by the processing procedures such as shot blasting, laser shock, mechanical rolling and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of better residual stress control, the invention synchronously completes the following technical innovation: firstly, the optimized heat treatment process is utilized to reduce the phase change stress, secondly, a stable tempering process after cold processing is adopted, on one hand, the high stress caused by grinding is properly released, and simultaneously, the structure can be further stabilized, thirdly, the processes of cold processing such as fine grinding and lapping processes and the control of a grinding tool are utilized to strengthen the residual compressive stress on the surface. The coordination control method is carried out by depending on the preparation process of the bearing ring, can thoroughly realize the control of the residual stress of the body and the surface, and avoids the problems of unstable service life caused by insufficient precision retentivity and improper residual stress.
According to the preparation method of the steel bearing ring, provided by the invention, the internal residual tensile stress is reduced by utilizing heat treatment, and the surface layer residual compressive stress is improved by optimizing the cold machining process of the bearing ring, so that the precision retentivity and the deformation resistance of the bearing in the service process are greatly improved, the stable improvement of the service life of the bearing is realized, and the service safety is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling residual stress of an M50 steel bearing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a result of distribution of residual stress of the first bearing inner race according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein the right drawing is a partially enlarged view of the left bearing inner race;
fig. 3 is a result of distribution of residual stress of the second bearing inner race obtained in embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein the right drawing is a partially enlarged view of the left bearing inner race;
fig. 4 is a residual stress distribution result of a bearing inner race No. three obtained in embodiment 3 of the present invention, wherein a right drawing is a partially enlarged view of a left bearing inner race.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of an M50 steel bearing ring, which comprises the following specific implementation process flow:
(1) and carrying out the quenching process of the bearing steel blank, wherein the quenching temperature is between 1060 and 1130 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60 min. Preferably, the quenching temperature is 1075-1120 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-50 min; further preferably, the quenching temperature is 1085-1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30-40 min. And then rapidly cooling to below 200 ℃ within 30min, wherein the cooling speed and the cooling temperature can ensure complete martensite and hardness improvement, and relieve micro deformation caused by hardness reduction in the subsequent process or service process. In another embodiment, the cooling is preferably performed rapidly to below 150 ℃ within 25min, and more preferably to below 100 ℃ within 18 min. Then, carrying out cryogenic treatment, wherein the cryogenic temperature is less than-50 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3h, preferably less than-65 ℃, and the cooling time is 2-3 h; more preferably less than-75 deg.C, and cooling time of 1-2 h. Then, performing a plurality of tempering operations, preferably performing at least three times of tempering, wherein the tempering temperature and the heat preservation time are set to reduce the content of the residual austenite to be within 2 percent, preferably the temperature is between 500 and 550 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 1-3 h; further preferably, the temperature is between 530 ℃ and 550 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h; further preferably, the temperature is between 510 ℃ and 530 ℃ each time, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h. And (3) carrying out cryogenic treatment after the first tempering, wherein the cryogenic temperature is less than-50 ℃, the cooling time is 1-3h, preferably less than-65 ℃, the cooling time is 2-3h, further preferably less than-75 ℃, and the cooling time is 1-2 h. The cryogenic treatment is carried out after the quenching and the first tempering, so that the aims of refining the structure and further reducing the austenite content can be achieved.
(2) After the performance heat treatment of one quenching and multiple times, grinding treatment is carried out, including coarse grinding and fine grinding. After each grinding, tempering and stabilizing treatment is carried out, wherein the tempering and stabilizing temperature and the stabilizing time are set to further stabilize the structure, preferably the stabilizing temperature after rough grinding is between 450 ℃ and 550 ℃, the stabilizing time is 1-4h, and in one embodiment is preferably between 530 ℃ and 550 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 1-2 h; in another embodiment, the time period is preferably between 480 and 530 hours, and in another embodiment, the time period is preferably between 450 and 480 hours, and the time period is preferably between 3 and 4 hours; after fine grinding, the stabilizing temperature is between 100 and 300 ℃, the stabilizing time is 2 to 5 hours, preferably the stabilizing temperature is between 200 and 300 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 2 to 3 hours, and in another embodiment, the stabilizing temperature is between 100 and 200 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 3 to 5 hours. Such additional tempering at high and low temperatures further reduces the residual stress in the body and stabilizes the structure.
(3) Performing channel final grinding treatment by adopting a proper grinding wheel feeding speed and grinding wheel type to obtain the maximum surface lamination stress, wherein the preferable grinding wheel feeding speed is 0.001-0.005mm/s, and the preferable grinding wheel type is green silicon carbide and the like; the channel is finely ground by adopting proper oilstone and pressure, the pressure of the oilstone is preferably 1.0-1.5N, the type of the oilstone is preferably green silicon carbide and the like, so that the reduction of the surface layer pressure stress is reduced as much as possible, and the fatigue life of the channel in service is prolonged.
(4) By adopting the mode of combining the cold and hot processing technologies, the maximum residual tensile stress of the obtained ferrule is less than or equal to 150MPa, and the surface compressive stress is less than or equal to-510 MPa.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention performs precise control on the heat treatment process and the cold working process, organically combines and mutually promotes the heat treatment process and the cold working process, and plays a role together, thereby not only reducing the internal tensile stress, but also further improving the surface lamination stress, and thus ensuring the requirements of precision retentivity and long service life in the bearing service process.
The following are specific examples of the present invention:
example 1
Machining by using M50 steel to obtain a first bearing half inner ring blank, quenching the blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1110 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, and cooling to be lower than 100 ℃ after 15 min; deep cooling is carried out after quenching, wherein the deep cooling temperature is-68 ℃, and the time is 1 h; processing the blank subjected to deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the three-time tempering time are the same, the tempering temperature is 550 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2 hours, deep cooling is performed after the first tempering, the deep cooling temperature is-68 ℃, the time duration is 1 hour, and the volume content of the retained austenite after the three-time tempering is 0.9%; carrying out coarse grinding and fine grinding on the obtained blank, and carrying out tempering stabilizing treatment after the coarse grinding and the fine grinding respectively, wherein the tempering stabilizing temperature after the coarse grinding is 550 ℃ and the time is 1h, and the tempering stabilizing temperature after the fine grinding is 140 ℃ and the time is 4 h; finally, channel final grinding and fine grinding are carried out, wherein the feeding speed of a channel final grinding wheel is 0.002mm/s, and the grinding wheel type is green silicon carbide GC 120; the refined oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.5N. Finally, the final inner ferrule with proper residual stress control is obtained, referring to fig. 2, the volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer is 0.5%, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 110MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-520 MPa.
Example 2
Machining by using M50 steel to obtain a second bearing half inner ring blank, quenching the blank at 1075 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40min, and cooling to be lower than 100 ℃ after 13 min; the deep cooling temperature after quenching is-75 ℃, and the time is 2.5 h; processing the blank subjected to deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the three-time tempering time are the same, the tempering temperature is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.5 hours, the deep cooling temperature after the first tempering is-75 ℃, the time duration is 2.5 hours, and the volume content of the retained austenite after the three-time tempering is 0.8%; performing rough grinding and accurate grinding on the obtained blank, wherein tempering stabilization treatment is respectively performed after the rough grinding and the accurate grinding, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature after the rough grinding is 525 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and the tempering stabilization temperature after the accurate grinding is 250 ℃ for 4 hours; finally, channel final grinding and fine grinding are carried out, wherein the feeding speed of a channel final grinding wheel is 0.002mm/s, and the grinding wheel type is a grinding wheel with the granularity of 220 meshes; the refined oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.2N. Finally, the inner ferrule with proper residual stress control is obtained, referring to fig. 3, the volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer is 0.5%, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 100MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-579 MPa.
Example 3
Machining by using M50 steel to obtain a third bearing half inner ring blank, quenching the blank, wherein the quenching temperature is 1110 ℃, the heat preservation time is 35min, and cooling to be lower than 100 ℃ after 14 min; the deep cooling temperature after quenching is-70 ℃, and the time is 70 min; processing the blank subjected to deep cooling by adopting a three-time tempering process, wherein the three-time tempering temperature and the three-time tempering time are the same, the tempering temperature is 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 130min, the deep cooling temperature after the first tempering is-70 ℃, the time duration is 70min, and the volume content of the retained austenite after the three-time tempering is 1.4%; performing rough grinding and accurate grinding on the obtained blank, wherein tempering stabilization treatment is respectively performed after the rough grinding and the accurate grinding, wherein the stable tempering temperature after the rough grinding is 520 ℃ and the time is 2.5h, and the stable tempering temperature after the accurate grinding is 135 ℃ and the time is 4 h; finally, channel final grinding and fine grinding are carried out, wherein the feed speed of a grinding wheel for channel final grinding is 0.0025mm/s, and the category of the grinding wheel is green silicon carbide GC 120; the refined oilstone is green silicon carbide GC1000, and the pressure of the oilstone is 1.3N. Finally, the inner ferrule with proper residual stress control is obtained, referring to fig. 4, the volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer is 1.0%, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 140MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-550 MPa.
Example 4
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the tempering temperature is 480 ℃ each time, the holding time is 3h, and the volume content of the retained austenite after three times of tempering is 1.8%. The volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer of the final inner ring is 1.5 percent, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 130MPa, and the surface residual stress is-510 MPa.
Example 5
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 2, except that the tempering temperature after rough grinding is 530 ℃ and the holding time is 2 hours. The volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer of the obtained final inner ring is 0.65%, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 138MPa, and the surface layer residual stress is-563 Pa.
Example 6
The preparation method is basically the same as that of example 3, except that the tempering temperature after rough grinding is 450 ℃ and the holding time is 4 hours. The volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer of the final inner ring is 1.1 percent, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 145MPa, and the surface residual stress is-525 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The method is basically the same as the preparation method of the embodiment 1, except that the deep cooling treatment is not carried out after the first tempering, the tempering stabilizing temperature after the coarse grinding is 540 ℃ and the time is 1.5h, the tempering stabilizing temperature after the fine grinding is 135 ℃ and the time is 3h, and the volume content of the residual austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer of the final inner ferrule is 2.6 percent, the maximum bulk residual tensile stress is 270MPa and the surface layer residual stress is-450 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The method was substantially the same as that of example 1 except that the tempering stabilization method after the rough grinding and the finish grinding was the same, wherein the tempering stabilization temperature was 220 ℃ and the time was 4 hours, the volume content of the retained austenite measured by an X-ray diffractometer was 2.8%, the maximum tensile residual stress was 230MPa, and the surface residual stress was-420 MPa.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the advantageous features of the above described modes can be freely combined, superimposed and combined without conflict.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination as long as there is no conflict, and the failure to exhaustively describe such combinations in this specification is merely for brevity and resource saving, and not necessarily for all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a steel bearing ring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) quenching and subzero treatment are carried out on the steel bearing ring blank;
2) tempering the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 1) for multiple times, and carrying out cryogenic treatment after the first tempering so that the volume content of the residual austenite of the steel bearing ring blank is within 2%;
3) grinding the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 2), wherein the grinding comprises coarse grinding and fine grinding, tempering stabilizing treatment is respectively carried out after the coarse grinding and the fine grinding, and the tempering stabilizing temperature after the coarse grinding is higher than the tempering stabilizing temperature after the fine grinding;
4) and (3) performing channel final grinding and channel fine grinding treatment on the steel bearing ring blank obtained in the step 3) to obtain the steel bearing ring.
2. The method of manufacturing of claim 1, wherein the steel bearing ring is an M50 steel bearing ring.
3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein the specific conditions for the quenching in step 1) include:
the quenching temperature is 1060-1130 ℃;
the heat preservation time is 20-60 min;
the M50 steel bearing ring blank was cooled to below 200 ℃ in less than 30 minutes while cooling rapidly.
4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the cryogenic temperature of the cryogenic treatment in step 1) is less than-50 ℃ and the cooling time is 1-3 h.
5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the temperature of each tempering in step 2) is 480-550 ℃, and the holding time is 1-3 h.
6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the first tempering in step 2) is followed by a cryogenic treatment at a cryogenic temperature of less than-50 ℃ for a cooling time of 1-3 h.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step 3):
the tempering stabilizing temperature of the tempering stabilizing treatment after coarse grinding is 450-550 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 1-4 h;
the tempering stabilizing temperature of the tempering stabilizing treatment after fine grinding is 100-300 ℃, and the stabilizing time is 2-5 h.
8. The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the feed speed of the grinding wheel for channel finish grinding in step 4) is 0.001 to 0.005 mm/s;
the pressure of the channel lapping oilstone is 1.0-1.5N.
9. A steel bearing ring produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The steel bearing ring according to claim 9, being an M50 steel bearing ring, and having a maximum bulk residual tensile stress of 150MPa or less and a surface layer residual compressive stress of 510MPa or less.
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