CN114309587B - Cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000875 high-speed ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000462 isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. In the method, firstly, pre-dispersing nano ceramic particles, and embedding pre-dispersed powder on the surfaces of micron hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure; then, uniformly mixing the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder through mixing and ball milling to form hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder, and finally, treating the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder by adopting a hot pressing process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material; the cross-scale core-shell structure designed by the application solves the problems of low plastic matching degree, low complex stress transmission efficiency and reinforcement agglomeration in the preparation process in the prior art, and balances the contradiction between improving the strength of the material and maintaining the plasticity of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material has the characteristics of light weight, high modulus and high specific strength, and is suitable for the application requirements of light weight development of an aircraft. The preparation technology of the particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material is easy to master, has low production cost, isotropic mechanical properties, and has definite application market and wide application prospect.
In the existing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the main problems are that the plasticity of the material is difficult to meet the requirement of plastic processing, and the fracture toughness of the composite cannot reach the standard, so that the defects of narrow subsequent processing process window, high processing difficulty, easiness in generating microcracks and the like are caused, and a large gap exists between the development and the practical application of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. In addition, the research on multi-scale structure regulation and control and manual design of the composite material is less, and the advantages of the toughness matrix and the ceramic reinforcement are not fully exerted. The three components of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are ceramic particles, aluminum and aluminum alloy matrixes and interfaces of the ceramic particles and the aluminum and aluminum alloy matrixes respectively. Because of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the reinforcement and the matrix, there is a high stress concentration at the interface between the two, resulting in the interface often being a critical point of failure. The nano particle reinforcement is added into the composite material, so that the nano toughening effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the intrinsic plasticity of the matrix is reduced. And when the content of the nano particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material reinforcement exceeds 5 vol%, the nano reinforcement is difficult to disperse uniformly, and a phenomenon of serious reinforcement agglomeration can be generated.
As a main structural member in the fields of aerospace and automobiles in the future, the strong plastic matching of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material must be further coordinated, the composite material has larger artificial design freedom, the reinforcement body/matrix interface can be reinforced by designing the reinforcement body structure, the transmission efficiency of complex stress is effectively improved, and the design of a novel particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with reasonable strong plastic matching and better comprehensive mechanical property is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of low plasticity matching degree, low complex stress transmission efficiency and reinforcement agglomeration in the preparation process in the prior art of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite materials.
According to one aspect of the application, a preparation method of a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-dispersion of nano ceramic particles: pre-dispersing nano-sized SiC particles and hundred-nano-sized Al powder;
s2: cladding of the shell structure: embedding the pre-dispersed powder in the step S1 on the surfaces of the micron hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure;
s3: mixing by low-speed ball milling: mixing the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder, and uniformly ball-milling to form hybrid reinforcement composite alloy powder;
s4: and (3) a hot-press sintering process, wherein the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder is subjected to the hot-press sintering process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material.
In S1, a planetary ball mill is adopted, the rotation speed is 200-320r/min, the ball milling time is 2-4 hours, so that the nanometer hard SiC particles are deagglomerated and are uniformly mixed with the flexible Al powder.
In S2, high-speed ball milling is carried out at a rotating speed of 600-1200r/min, the ball milling environment is an absolute ethyl alcohol liquid environment, the ball milling time is 30min, the mixed powder slurry is placed in a drying box, and the powder slurry is dried for 8h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the reinforced powder element with the shell structure.
In S3, 70-100 mu m2009Al alloy powder is added into the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure and mixed for 3-5 hours at the rotating speed of 250-300r/min, and the mixture is taken out and put into a vacuum drying oven to be dried at 80 ℃ to obtain hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder for test, and the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder is stored in a vacuum tank for hot-press sintering.
And in S4, loading the mixed reinforced composite alloy powder in the ball-milled S3 into a graphite mold with a set size under the protection of argon gas for sealing, performing cold press molding on the sealed mold, and finally placing the cold-pressed mold into a vacuum hot press sintering furnace for hot press sintering.
Wherein, in the hot-pressing sintering process, the temperature is raised to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 20-40min, and the stable pressure is kept at 3-5MPa all the time; then heating to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, and increasing the pressure to 50-120MPa at a constant speed; after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 30min, pressure relief and cooling are started, and after the furnace is cooled to room temperature, the sample is taken out, and hot-pressed sintering is completed.
Wherein, the minor planetary ball mill adopts zirconia grinding balls matched with large, medium and small sizes.
The cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material provided by the other aspect of the application comprises the following components: the micro-sized hard ceramic particle comprises a micro-sized hard ceramic particle, a shell structure and a coarse grain area, wherein the shell structure is coated outside the micro-sized hard ceramic particle, the coarse grain area is coated outside the shell structure, the shell structure is a composite interface micro-area formed by nano SiC particles and superfine crystal pure Al powder, and the coarse grain area is a coarse grain aluminum alloy matrix.
Wherein the nanoscale SiC particles are 3.5-5.5 vol%.
Wherein, the superfine crystal pure Al powder is 4.5vol.% to 5.5vol.% hundred nanometer grade Al powder.
The application has the following beneficial effects:
according to the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material and the preparation method, firstly, pre-dispersing nano ceramic particles, and embedding pre-dispersed powder on the surfaces of micron hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure; then, uniformly mixing the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder through mixing and ball milling to form hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder, and finally, treating the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder by adopting a hot pressing process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material; in the obtained cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material, the outside of the micron hard ceramic particles is covered with a shell structure, the outside of the shell structure is a coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix, the coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix has stronger dislocation storage capacity, plasticity is provided in deformation, and the coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix is not used as a carrier for stress in an external complex stress field; the core of the shell structure is a micron-sized SiC brittle ceramic particle phase which is taken as a carrier for bearing force and has stronger rigidity, hardness and strength; the shell structure is made of nano SiC particles and superfine crystal pure Al, the shell structure has the functions of relieving interface pressure, dispersing stress concentration, protecting a hard core, improving strain hardening rate, avoiding unstable deformation in later thermal deformation processing caused by matrix hardening in the preparation process, and solving the problems of low plastic matching degree, low complex stress transmission efficiency and reinforcing agglomeration in the preparation process in the prior art.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present application has other objects, features and advantages. The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material of a cross-scale core-shell structure according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure morphology of a pre-dispersed shell structure in a preparation method of a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material;
FIG. 3 is a morphology diagram of an aluminum-based composite core-shell structure reinforcement powder primitive in a cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite preparation method of the application;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure morphology diagram of a sintered shell structure reinforced aluminum-based composite material in the preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structural comparison of a prior art particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite material with a cross-scale core-shell structured aluminum-based composite material of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the application are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, but the application can be practiced in a number of different ways, as defined and covered below.
As shown in fig. 1: the preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material provided by the embodiment of the application comprises the following steps:
s1: pre-dispersion of nano ceramic particles: pre-dispersing nano-sized SiC particles and hundred-nano-sized Al powder;
s2: cladding of the shell structure: embedding the pre-dispersed powder in the step S1 on the surfaces of the micron hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure;
s3: mixing by low-speed ball milling: mixing the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder, and uniformly ball-milling to form hybrid reinforcement composite alloy powder;
s4: and (3) a hot-press sintering process, wherein the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder is subjected to the hot-press sintering process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material.
In the above embodiment, firstly, pre-dispersing nano ceramic particles, and embedding pre-dispersed powder on the surfaces of micro hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure; then, uniformly mixing the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder through mixing and ball milling to form hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder, and finally, treating the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder by adopting a hot pressing process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material; in the obtained cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material, the outside of the micron hard ceramic particles is covered with a shell structure, the outside of the shell structure is a coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix, the coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix has stronger dislocation storage capacity, plasticity is provided in deformation, and the coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix is not used as a carrier for stress in an external complex stress field; the core of the shell structure is a micron-sized SiC brittle ceramic particle phase which is taken as a carrier for bearing force and has stronger rigidity, hardness and strength; the shell structure is made of nano SiC particles and superfine crystal pure Al, the shell structure has the functions of relieving interface pressure, dispersing stress concentration, protecting a hard core, and the nano SiC particles and superfine crystal Al powder which are shell structure components can improve the strain hardening rate and avoid the phenomenon of unstable deformation in the later thermal deformation processing caused by matrix hardening in the preparation process.
As shown in fig. 5, the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material provided in another aspect of the present application includes: the micro-sized hard ceramic comprises micro-sized hard ceramic particles (micro-sized particles), a shell structure and a coarse-grain area, wherein the shell structure is coated outside the micro-sized hard ceramic particles, the coarse-grain area is coated outside the shell structure, the shell structure is a composite interface micro-area (nano-particle/ultra-fine grain composite interface micro-area) formed by nano-SiC particles and ultra-fine grain pure Al powder, and the coarse-grain area is a coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix.
Conventional single-scale structures as shown in fig. 5 (a), the cross-scale configuration design is more effective for improving the toughness of the particle-reinforced composite material. The so-called trans-scale configuration, i.e. by enhancing the grain size grading and spatial arrangement of the particles or matrix grains, exerts a synergistic effect of different scales. Such as Micro-Nano (Micro-Nano), bimodal particles (fig. 5 b) as shown in fig. 5 (b), or ultra-fine grain-coarse grain (UFG-CG) bimodal matrix structures as shown in fig. 5 (c), greatly relieve stress concentration in the interfacial Micro-region, effectively promote the work hardening capacity of the matrix, and finally improve the toughness of MMCs. However, no matter the nanoparticle reinforcement or the ultra-fine grain matrix, the agglomeration phenomenon easily occurs in the preparation process, as shown in (d) of fig. 5, the novel micro-nano multi-scale core-shell structure of the patent solves the problem that the agglomeration phenomenon easily occurs in the preparation process.
Wherein the nanoscale SiC particles are 3.5-5.5 vol%.
Wherein, the superfine crystal pure Al powder is selected from 4.5vol.% to 5.5vol.% hundred nano-sized Al powder
In order to further understand the technical scheme of the present application, structural embodiments are described in further detail below.
Example 1
(1) Pre-dispersion of nano ceramic particles: 3.5-5.5 vol.% of nano-sized SiC particles and 4.5-5.5 vol.% of hundred-nano-sized Al powder are selected, the large, medium and small-sized zirconium oxide grinding balls are matched, a planetary ball mill is selected, the rotating speed of 200-320r/min is adopted, and the ball milling time is 2-4 hours, so that the nano-sized hard SiC particles are deagglomerated and uniformly mixed with the flexible Al powder, and the aim of pre-dispersing is fulfilled.
(2) Cladding of the shell structure: in order to form a specific shell structure, a high-speed ball milling method is adopted to 'inlay' the pre-dispersed powder on the surface of the micron hard ceramic particles. High-speed ball milling is carried out at a rotating speed of 600-1200r/min, the ball milling environment is an absolute ethyl alcohol liquid environment, the ball milling time is 30min (short-time high energy), the mixed powder slurry is placed in a drying oven, and the powder slurry is dried for 8h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the reinforcement powder with the shell structure.
(3) Mixing by low-speed ball milling: in order not to destroy the specific shell-core structure prepared in the test, the reinforcement element with the shell structure and the aluminum alloy matrix powder were uniformly mixed at a lower ball milling speed. Adding 70-100 μm2009Al alloy powder into reinforcement powder with a shell structure, mixing for 3-5h at a rotating speed of 250-300r/min, taking out, putting into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ to obtain hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder for test, and storing in a vacuum tank for hot-press sintering.
(4) Hot pressing sintering process: and (3) loading the composite powder in the step (III) after ball milling into a graphite mold with a certain size under the protection of argon, and sealing. And loading the sealed die with a press machine to carry out cold press molding under the pressure of 3MPa, and finally, placing the cold pressed die into a vacuum hot press sintering furnace for sintering. Firstly, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20-40min, wherein the stable pressure is kept at 3-5MPa all the time; then heating to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, and increasing the pressure to 50-120MPa at a constant speed; after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 30min, pressure relief and cooling are started, after the furnace is cooled to room temperature, the sample is taken out, and hot-pressed sintering is completed
Example 2:
(1) 3.0vol.% of 80nm SiC ceramic particles and 5.0vol.% of 800nm pure Al spherical powder are selected, zirconium oxide ball milling balls with different sizes are mixed according to a certain proportion, mixed in a 99.8% high-purity absolute ethyl alcohol liquid environment, and poured into a 500mL zirconium oxide ball milling tank. Selecting an asteroid ball mill, ball milling for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 300r/min, sieving and filtering out grinding balls from the uniformly mixed powder slurry, placing the powder slurry into a glass crystallization dish, and drying the powder slurry in a vacuum drying oven at a drying temperature of 80 ℃ for 8 hours. Obtaining the pre-dispersed mixed shell structure powder.
(2) Taking the mixed pre-dispersed shell structure powder, adding 5vol.%12 mu m SiC ceramic particles and mixed zirconia grinding balls in a certain proportion, pouring the mixture into a 500mL zirconia ball milling tank, and adding 250mL 99.8% high-purity absolute ethyl alcohol to form a liquid ball milling environment. High-speed ball milling is carried out at 600r/min for 30min, the mixed powder slurry is sieved to remove grinding balls, and then the powder slurry is placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried for 8h at 80 ℃ to obtain the reinforcement powder with a shell structure. Wherein 12 mu m SiC is used as a shell core, 80nm SiC ceramic particles and 800nm pure Al spherical powder are used as shell structure components.
(3) And mixing the core-shell structure SiC reinforcement particles prepared by the process with 85vol.%70 mu m2009Al alloy matrix powder, placing the mixture into a 500mL zirconia ball milling tank together with zirconia balls matched with large, medium and small sizes, and adding a proper amount of absolute ethyl alcohol to prepare a liquid ball milling environment. Mixing for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 270r/min to obtain mixed powder slurry, sieving to remove zirconia grinding balls, and then placing the mixed powder slurry in a vacuum drying oven to dry at 80 ℃ to obtain the SiC reinforced 2009 aluminum-based composite material with the nano/micron core-shell structure for test. The mixed powder is stored in a vacuum tank and can be used as a powder raw material for powder metallurgy such as hot press sintering, isostatic pressing sintering and the like.
(4) Firstly, loading the ball-milled composite powder into a graphite mold with the diameter of 60mm under the protection of argon, then loading the sealed mold with a press machine to carry out cold press molding under the pressure of 3MPa, and finally, putting the cold-pressed mold into a vacuum hot press sintering furnace to carry out sintering. Firstly, heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 20min, wherein the stable pressure is kept at 3MPa all the time; then the temperature is increased to 630 ℃ at the temperature increasing rate of 5.75 ℃/min, and the pressure is increased to 55MPa at a constant speed; after the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 30min, pressure relief and cooling are started, and after the furnace is cooled to the room temperature, the sample is taken out, and the hot-pressed sintering is completed. The density of the prepared material is 2.72g/cm3, and the mechanical property test result is as follows: tensile strength 467MPa, yield strength 337MPa and elongation 5%, and achieves good cooperation of strength and plasticity.
Example 3:
in the step (1), 5.0vol.% of 500nm ultrafine crystals are selected, the pre-dispersion rotating speed is 270r/min for low-speed ball milling, the ball milling time is 3h, and the rest is the same as that of the example 2.
Example 3:
in the step (1), 10.0vol.%800nm pure Al spherical powder is added; in step (3), 80vol.%70 μm2009Al alloy matrix powder is mixed. The procedure of example 2 was repeated except that the volume fraction of the reinforcement was changed.
The core of the patent lies in the preparation of the core-shell structure particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and FIG. 2 is a pre-dispersed shell structure component (comprising nano SiC particles and superfine crystal aluminum powder) which is uniformly dispersed; FIG. 3 is a core-shell structural reinforcement motif prepared by the present patent; FIG. 4 is a microstructure morphology of the sintered shell structure reinforced aluminum matrix composite, while the shell structure morphology remains.
The patent designs a novel shell layer reinforcement particle microstructure aiming at the requirement of the aerospace new generation particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material on strong plasticity, develops a corresponding powder metallurgy preparation process, balances the contradiction between improving the strength of the material and maintaining the plasticity of the material, and improves the application range of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: pre-dispersion of nano ceramic particles: pre-dispersing nano-sized SiC particles and hundred-nano-sized Al powder;
s2: cladding of the shell structure: embedding the pre-dispersed powder in the step S1 on the surface of the micron hard ceramic particles by adopting a high-speed ball milling method to form a shell structure, wherein the high-speed ball milling is carried out by adopting a rotating speed of 600-1200 r/min;
s3: mixing by low-speed ball milling: mixing the reinforcement powder element with a shell structure with aluminum alloy matrix powder, and uniformly mixing by ball milling at a rotating speed of 250-300r/min to form hybrid reinforcement composite alloy powder;
s4: and (3) a hot-press sintering process, wherein the hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder is subjected to the hot-press sintering process to obtain the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material.
2. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: in S1, a planetary ball mill is adopted, the rotation speed is 200-320r/min, the ball milling time is 2-4 hours, so that the nanometer hard SiC particles are deagglomerated and are uniformly mixed with the flexible Al powder.
3. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and S2, the ball milling environment is an absolute ethyl alcohol liquid environment, the ball milling time is 30min, the mixed powder slurry is placed in a drying oven, and the powder slurry is dried for 8h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain the reinforced powder element with the shell structure.
4. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and S3, adding 70-100 mu m2009Al alloy powder into the reinforcement powder element with the shell structure, mixing for 3-5 hours at the rotating speed of 250-300r/min, taking out, putting into a vacuum drying oven, drying at 80 ℃ to obtain hybrid reinforced composite alloy powder for test, and storing in a vacuum tank for hot-press sintering.
5. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and S4, loading the mixed reinforced composite alloy powder in the step S3 after ball milling into a graphite mold with a set size under the protection of argon gas for sealing, performing cold press molding on the sealed mold, and finally placing the mold after cold press into a vacuum hot press sintering furnace for hot press sintering.
6. The preparation method of the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: in the hot-pressing sintering process, the temperature is increased to 400 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 20-40min, and the stable pressure is kept at 3-5MPa all the time; then heating to 600-650 ℃ at a heating rate of 5-7 ℃/min, and increasing the pressure to 50-120MPa at a constant speed; after heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 30min, pressure relief and cooling are started, and after the furnace is cooled to room temperature, the sample is taken out, and hot-pressed sintering is completed.
7. The method for preparing the cross-scale core-shell structure aluminum-based composite material according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planetary ball mill adopts zirconia grinding balls matched with large, medium and small sizes.
8. A cross-scale core-shell structured aluminum-based composite prepared according to the method of any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the micro-grain composite ceramic comprises micron hard ceramic particles, a shell structure and a coarse-grain area, wherein the shell structure is coated outside the micron hard ceramic particles, the coarse-grain area is coated outside the shell structure, the shell structure is a composite interface micro-area formed by nano SiC particles and superfine pure Al powder, and the coarse-grain area is a coarse-grain aluminum alloy matrix.
9. The cross-scale core-shell structured aluminum-based composite according to claim 8, wherein: the nanoscale SiC particles are 3.5-5.5 vol%.
10. The cross-scale core-shell structured aluminum-based composite according to claim 9, wherein: the superfine crystal pure Al powder is selected from 4.5-5.5 vol.% hundred-nanometer-size Al powder.
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