CN109439940A - A kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere - Google Patents
A kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere Download PDFInfo
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- CN109439940A CN109439940A CN201811591530.2A CN201811591530A CN109439940A CN 109439940 A CN109439940 A CN 109439940A CN 201811591530 A CN201811591530 A CN 201811591530A CN 109439940 A CN109439940 A CN 109439940A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
Abstract
A kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere, the invention belongs to field of powder metallurgy, and in particular to a kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere.The present invention is the disadvantage low with production efficiency at high cost in order to overcome existing hot pressed sintering preparation composite technology complicated.One, ball milling mixes powder: ceramic particle reinforcement and aluminum substrate ball milling being mixed powder, obtain mixed-powder；Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering, cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtains particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.The present invention is used to prepare particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of powder metallurgy, and in particular to hot pressed sintering is prepared particle reinforced aluminium-based under a kind of air atmosphere
The method of composite material.
Background technique
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has low-density, high specific strength and high specific stiffness, excellent wearability and excellent
Different high temperature resistance etc..Since particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has designability, base aluminum conjunction can be given full play to
The excellent properties of gold and particle.Therefore, inexpensive, simple process is, it can be achieved that the preparation process of industrialization is always the heat studied
Point.
Vacuum heating-press sintering is a kind of widely applied method, belongs to one kind of powder metallurgy, and this method can be successful
The lower composite material of reinforcement volume fraction is prepared, consistency is higher, and composite material quality is preferable.However this method technique is multiple
Miscellaneous, higher cost prepares in materials process and remains vacuum condition, it is difficult to form industrialization production.
Patent CN104232973A discloses in one kind, low volume fraction ceramic particle reinforced aluminium base composite material and its system
Preparation Method, the process employs water soluble salt pore-creating, the method that nitrogen atmosphere infiltrates Al liquid, can prepare in, low volume fraction
Aluminum matrix composite, however this method prepares composite gauge and is limited, material density is not high after preparation, and preparation process is more
It is complicated.
Therefore, overcome under the conditions of air atmosphere high-compactness prepare composite material be can realize it is particle reinforced aluminium-based compound
The key of materials industrialization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be in order to overcome existing hot pressed sintering preparation composite technology complicated, it is at high cost low with production efficiency
Disadvantage, and the method that hot pressed sintering under a kind of air atmosphere prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is provided.
The method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere of the present invention is by following step
It is rapid to carry out:
One, ball milling mixes powder: ceramic particle reinforcement and aluminum substrate ball milling being mixed powder, obtain mixed-powder；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering,
Cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtain particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Washing process is used in the present invention, is removed ceramic powder and is reunited, improve powder quality, reduces composite inner hole
Hole；It is compacted using substep, guarantees that material internal is uniform；Using low speed ball milling, minor diameter abrading-ball and higher ratio of grinding media to material are improved
Powder mixing homogeneity, control aluminium powder body oxidant deformation, guarantees the interface cohesion between aluminium powder body and ceramic particle；It is final real
Existing atmospheric environment prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Low volume fraction particle-reinforced aluminum composite material volume fraction substep is wider, and substep is uniform in the base for particle, material
Material is had excellent performance without anisotropy compared to aluminum alloy materials, can promote the update of material, social benefit and its significant.
This method replaces vacuum environment, realizes that atmospheric environment prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, high degree reduces
Material cost.The composite material consistency prepared by this method is high, and high yield rate, cost is relatively low, and technical process is simple, process
It is short, be conducive to industrialized production with significant economic benefit.The yield strength of the particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of preparation is
415~470MPa, tensile strength reach 470~540MPa, and elongation percentage is 3~6%, and elasticity modulus is 110~120GPa.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material prepared by embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope photo of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material in embodiment one.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: hot pressed sintering prepares particle reinforced aluminium-based composite wood under a kind of air atmosphere of present embodiment
The method of material is to sequentially include the following steps:
One, ball milling mixes powder: ceramic particle reinforcement and aluminum substrate ball milling being mixed powder, obtain mixed-powder；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering,
Cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtain particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Washing reinforcement and drying described in present embodiment are to influence one of the factor of quality of materials.Necessary water-washing process
Having great importance for the cleaning and screening of powder, ceramic particle can have the process of secondary agglomeration in crushing process,
And these powders reunited can not be opened by mechanical milling process, if do not removed, will form in material preparation process a large amount of
Hole reduces the consistency of material, is a kind of method for effectively removing powder and reuniting using washing therefore.
The substep compacting is also to influence the key factor of quality of materials, and ball milling powder is gradually added in mold, and substep is pressed
It is real, be conducive to the densification of precast body, it is highly beneficial for subsequent hot pressing.If it is primary addition powder and it is compacted,
So will result in powder, compaction is uneven up and down, and voidage is different, causes each section air content different, makes to be prepared into
Microstructure of composite and performance it is uneven.
The mechanical milling process is equally the key factor for influencing quality of materials, and previous vacuum heating-press sintering is not in the process by oxygen
The oxidation of gas and form aluminium oxide phase, the interface between aluminum matrix alloy and ceramic particle will not be due to the presence of aluminium oxide
And occur combining bad situation.And in this method on the basis of guaranteeing that aluminium powder and ceramic powder are uniformly mixed, high degree
Reduce rotational speed of ball-mill, reduce ballmilling energy, guarantee that powder surface is fresh, oxidation, ball in present embodiment does not occur
Mill revolving speed is 60~120r/min.In addition, abrading-ball size is also important governing factor, ball radius is unified in present embodiment
For 1-4mm, small abrading-ball can reduce the deformation of rate powder and ceramic powder separating twice to the greatest extent.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that: ceramics described in step 1
Grain reinforcement is washed before ball milling mixes powder.Other are same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that: the washing is specifically pressed
Following steps carry out: ceramic particle reinforcement being cleaned 3~5 times in the water that temperature is 30~45 DEG C, paste is obtained, will paste
Shape object is placed in stainless steel disc, is transferred in drying box and is dried, and drying temperature is 60~90 DEG C, and drying time is greater than 48h；It is described
Ceramic particle reinforcement and the volume ratio of water are 1:(2~4).Other are the same as one or two specific embodiments.
The volume ratio of present embodiment water and ceramic particle reinforcement should be higher than that 2:1.
Specific embodiment 4: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three: institute in step 1
Stating ceramic particle reinforcement is boron carbide, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide or titanium carbide, the partial size of ceramic particle reinforcement
It is 1~100 μm.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment one to three.
Specific embodiment 5: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four: institute in step 1
Stating aluminum substrate is Al alloy powder, and the partial size of Al alloy powder is 1~100 μm.One of other and specific embodiment one to four
It is identical.
Specific embodiment 6: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five: institute in step 1
The volume fraction for stating ceramic particle reinforcement is 0.1~35%.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment one to five.
Specific embodiment 7: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six: institute in step 1
It is identical as the partial size of aluminum substrate to state ceramic particle reinforcement.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment one to six.
Specific embodiment 8: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven: institute in step 1
Stating aluminum substrate is 2xxx line aluminium alloy 6xxx line aluminium alloy or 7xxx line aluminium alloy.One of other and specific embodiment one to seven
It is identical.
Specific embodiment 9: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight: institute in step 1
Stating ball milling and mixing ball mill in powder is planetary ball mill, and method is that unidirectional ball milling mixes powder；Ball milling parameter: ratio of grinding media to material is (8~20):
1, Ball-milling Time is 2~4h, and revolving speed is 60~120r/min.Other are identical as one of specific embodiment one to eight.
Specific embodiment 10: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine: institute in step 2
It states specific sequentially include the following steps: of substep compacting and the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 40~50% is first put into sintering graphite mold
In, it is once compacted, pressure is 10~20MPa, dwell time 5min；Then the mixed powder of gross mass 30~40% will be accounted for
End is put into sintering graphite mold, carries out secondary compaction, and pressure is 10~20MPa, dwell time 5min；It is finally that residue is mixed
It closes powder to be put into sintering graphite mold, carries out third time compacting, pressure is 20~30MPa, dwell time 10min.Other
It is identical as one of specific embodiment one to nine.
Specific embodiment 11: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to ten: in step 3
The hot pressed sintering specifically sequentially include the following steps: by sintering temperature with the heating rate of 5~10 DEG C/min from room temperature to
Sintering temperature, soaking time are 3~5h；Hot pressing is carried out using press machine after heat preservation, pressure is 40~50MPa, when pressure maintaining
Between be 20~30min；The sintering temperature is lower than 30~150 DEG C of aluminium base bulk melting point.Other and specific embodiment one to ten
One of it is identical.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are verified using following embodiment:
Embodiment one: a kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere is by following
Step carries out:
One, boron carbide reinforcement particle and 6061 aluminium alloy ball millings are mixed into powder, obtains mixed-powder；The boron carbide enhancing
The volume fraction of body particle is 15%；The boron carbide reinforcement particle is washed before ball milling mixes powder, washing specifically by with
Lower step carries out: ceramic particle reinforcement being cleaned 3~5 times in the water that temperature is 40 DEG C, paste is obtained, paste is set
It in stainless steel disc, is transferred in drying box and dries, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, drying time 48h；Ball milling mixes ball mill in powder
For planetary ball mill, method is that unidirectional ball milling mixes powder；Ball milling parameter: ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, Ball-milling Time 2h, revolving speed are
60r/min；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；It is described
Substep is compacted specifically sequentially include the following steps: and first the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 50% is put into sintering graphite mold, carries out
Primary compacting, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min；Then the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 30% is put into sintering graphite
In mold, secondary compaction, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min are carried out；Remaining mixed-powder is finally put into sintering graphite
In mold, third time compacting, pressure 25MPa, dwell time 10min are carried out.
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering,
Cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtain particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material；The hot pressed sintering specifically sequentially include the following steps: by
Sintering temperature with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature to 550 DEG C, soaking time 3h；Pressure is utilized after heat preservation
Machine carries out hot pressing, pressure 40MPa, dwell time 20min.A kind of embodiment two: hot pressed sintering preparation under air atmosphere
The method of grain reinforced aluminum matrix composites is to sequentially include the following steps:
One, boron carbide reinforcement particle and 2024 aluminium alloy ball millings are mixed into powder, obtains mixed-powder；The boron carbide enhancing
The volume fraction of body particle is 15%；The boron carbide reinforcement particle is washed before ball milling mixes powder, washing specifically by with
Lower step carries out: ceramic particle reinforcement being cleaned 3~5 times in the water that temperature is 40 DEG C, paste is obtained, paste is set
It in stainless steel disc, is transferred in drying box and dries, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, drying time 48h；Ball milling mixes ball mill in powder
For planetary ball mill, method is that unidirectional ball milling mixes powder；Ball milling parameter: ratio of grinding media to material 10:1, Ball-milling Time 3h, revolving speed are
100r/min；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；It is described
Substep is compacted specifically sequentially include the following steps: and first the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 40% is put into sintering graphite mold, carries out
Primary compacting, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min；Then the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 40% is put into sintering graphite
In mold, secondary compaction, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min are carried out；Remaining mixed-powder is finally put into sintering graphite
In mold, third time compacting, pressure 25MPa, dwell time 10min are carried out.
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering,
Cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtain particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material；The hot pressed sintering specifically sequentially include the following steps: by
Sintering temperature with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature to 600 DEG C, soaking time 3h；Pressure is utilized after heat preservation
Machine carries out hot pressing, pressure 40MPa, dwell time 30min.
Embodiment three: a kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere is by following
Step carries out:
One, boron carbide reinforcement particle and 6061 aluminium alloy ball millings are mixed into powder, obtains mixed-powder；The boron carbide enhancing
The volume fraction of body particle is 20%；The boron carbide reinforcement particle is washed before ball milling mixes powder, washing specifically by with
Lower step carries out: ceramic particle reinforcement being cleaned 3~5 times in the water that temperature is 40 DEG C, paste is obtained, paste is set
It in stainless steel disc, is transferred in drying box and dries, drying temperature is 60 DEG C, drying time 48h；Ball milling mixes ball mill in powder
For planetary ball mill, method is that unidirectional ball milling mixes powder；Ball milling parameter: ratio of grinding media to material 12:1, Ball-milling Time 3h, revolving speed are
120r/min；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；It is described
Substep is compacted specifically sequentially include the following steps: and first the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 40% is put into sintering graphite mold, carries out
Primary compacting, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min；Then the mixed-powder for accounting for gross mass 30% is put into sintering graphite
In mold, secondary compaction, pressure 20MPa, dwell time 5min are carried out；Remaining mixed-powder is finally put into sintering graphite
In mold, third time compacting, pressure 25MPa, dwell time 10min are carried out.
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering,
Cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtain particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material；The hot pressed sintering specifically sequentially include the following steps: by
Sintering temperature with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min from room temperature to 575 DEG C, soaking time 3h；Pressure is utilized after heat preservation
Machine carries out hot pressing, pressure 45MPa, dwell time 30min.
The basic mechanical performance of one~tri- particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material of embodiment is as described in Table 1.
Table 1
Fig. 1 is the metallograph of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material prepared by embodiment one；Boron carbide is made pottery in composite material
Porcelain particle is uniformly distributed in matrix, does not find apparent hole and reunion.
Fig. 2 is the high-resolution photo of B4C particle and Al basal body interface in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material in embodiment one,
It can be seen from the figure that the interface cohesion of particle and matrix alloy is good in composite material, without apparent interfacial product.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under air atmosphere, it is characterised in that air atmosphere
The method that lower hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is to sequentially include the following steps:
One, ball milling mixes powder: ceramic particle reinforcement and aluminum substrate ball milling being mixed powder, obtain mixed-powder；The ceramic particle increases
The volume fraction of strong body is 0.1~35%；
Two, cold compaction is for precast body: carrying out substep compacting to mixed-powder using graphite jig, obtains precast body；
Three, hot pressed sintering is carried out to precast body under air atmosphere, graphite jig is transferred in air after the completion of sintering, it is natural
It is cooled to room temperature, demoulding obtains particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
2. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that ceramic particle reinforcement described in step 1 is washed before ball milling mixes powder.
3. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that the water that it is 30~45 DEG C in temperature by ceramic particle reinforcement that the washing, which is specifically sequentially included the following steps:,
Middle cleaning 3~5 times, obtains paste, paste is placed in stainless steel disc, be transferred in drying box and dry, drying temperature is
60~90 DEG C, drying time is greater than 48h；The ceramic particle reinforcement and the volume ratio of water are 1:(2~4).
4. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that ceramic particle reinforcement described in step 1 is boron carbide, titanium diboride, silicon carbide, aluminium oxide or carbonization
Titanium, the partial size of ceramic particle reinforcement are 1~100 μm.
5. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that aluminum substrate described in step 1 is Al alloy powder, and the partial size of Al alloy powder is 1~100 μm.
6. hot pressed sintering prepares particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 4 or 5
Method, it is characterised in that ceramic particle reinforcement described in step 1 is identical as the partial size of aluminum substrate.
7. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that the volume fraction of ceramic particle reinforcement described in step 1 is 0.1~35%.
8. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that it is planetary ball mill that ball milling described in step 1, which mixes ball mill in powder, and method is that unidirectional ball milling mixes powder；Ball
Grind parameter: ratio of grinding media to material is (8~20): 1, Ball-milling Time is 2~4h, and revolving speed is 60~120r/min.
9. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that compacting specifically sequentially includes the following steps: and will first account for the mixed of gross mass 40~50% step by step described in step 2
It closes powder to be put into sintering graphite mold, be once compacted, pressure is 10~20MPa, dwell time 5min；Then it will account for
The mixed-powder of gross mass 30~40% is put into sintering graphite mold, carries out secondary compaction, and pressure is 10~20MPa, pressure maintaining
Time is 5min；Finally remaining mixed-powder is put into sintering graphite mold, carry out third time compacting, pressure be 20~
30MPa, dwell time 10min.
10. hot pressed sintering prepares the side of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material under a kind of air atmosphere according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that hot pressed sintering described in step 3 is specifically sequentially included the following steps: sintering temperature with 5~10 DEG C/min's
For heating rate from room temperature to sintering temperature, soaking time is 3~5h；Hot pressing, pressure are carried out using press machine after heat preservation
Power is 40~50MPa, and the dwell time is 20~30min；The sintering temperature is lower than 30~150 DEG C of aluminium base bulk melting point.
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| CN110125413A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-08-16 | 四川铭泰顺硬质合金有限公司 | A kind of production technology of hard alloy bar |
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| CN114703389A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low stress shaping B4Preparation method of C/Al composite material section bar |
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| CN110153408B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2021-10-15 | 齐齐哈尔翔科新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of ceramic particle reinforced 6XXX aluminum-based composite material |
| CN111218587A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111218587B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-12-11 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112176227A (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-01-05 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Boron aluminum carbide composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112176227B (en) * | 2020-10-09 | 2021-08-13 | 福建祥鑫股份有限公司 | Boron aluminum carbide composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN114703389A (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2022-07-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low stress shaping B4Preparation method of C/Al composite material section bar |
| CN115679141A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-02-03 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of layered distribution ceramic reinforced aluminum composite material |
| CN115679141B (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2024-04-19 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of layered distribution ceramic reinforced aluminum composite material |
| CN116005025A (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-04-25 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第十二研究所 | Uniform controllable preparation method of multi-component aluminum-based composite material |
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