CN114308368B - Copper-tin ore separation process - Google Patents
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- CN114308368B CN114308368B CN202110745038.1A CN202110745038A CN114308368B CN 114308368 B CN114308368 B CN 114308368B CN 202110745038 A CN202110745038 A CN 202110745038A CN 114308368 B CN114308368 B CN 114308368B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of copper-tin ore beneficiation, in particular to a copper-tin ore separation process, which is characterized by comprising the following separation steps: (1) dense medium separation: crushing raw copper-tin ore, and sequentially removing light-specific gravity minerals with specific gravity lower than that of copper minerals and tin minerals in the ore; (2) copper recovery: carrying out copper flotation on the ore pulp subjected to ore grinding treatment to obtain copper concentrate and copper tailings; (3) tin recovery: then, after regrinding the copper tailings, feeding the copper tailings into a shaking table, and separating to obtain tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings; (4) desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate: and the obtained tin rough concentrate is subjected to desulfurization flotation and is separated to obtain tin concentrate and sulfur concentrate, so that the method has the advantages of high flotation grade, guaranteed concentrate index, reduced production cost, improved economic benefit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper-tin ore dressing, in particular to a copper-tin ore sorting process which has high dressing grade, ensures the index of concentrate, reduces the production cost and improves the economic benefit.
Background
As is known, tin is a silver white metal, has the advantages of low melting point, good plasticity, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, no toxicity and the like, and has wide application in various fields of national economy and national defense construction.
At present, the pituitarite mined in China mainly comprises tin-sulfide ores, and the cuputite belongs to one of the tin-sulfide ores. The following two defects exist in the copper-tin ore separation process: (1) cassiterite in cuprum-tin ores is often associated with copper minerals, pyrite (pyrite, pyrrhotite) and the like. The traditional cassiterite beneficiation process is single, mainly adopts table recleaning, but the ore contains various sulfide minerals which interfere cassiterite recovery, and the sorting difficulty is high. (2) Along with the exploitation of resources, the grade of each metal in raw ore is low, the maximum comprehensive recovery of valuable metals is difficult to realize, and meanwhile, the ore grinding cost, the flotation reagent cost and the management cost of a plant are still high, so that the maximization of the economic benefit of an enterprise is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide the copper-tin ore separation process which has high selected grade, ensures the indexes of the concentrates, reduces the production cost and improves the economic benefit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a copper-tin ore separation process is characterized by comprising the following separation steps:
(1) And heavy medium separation: after the raw ore of the copper-tin ore is crushed, sequentially removing light-specific-gravity minerals with specific gravity lower than that of the copper mineral and the tin mineral in the ore;
(2) And copper recovery: carrying out copper flotation on the ore pulp subjected to ore grinding treatment to obtain copper concentrate and copper tailings;
(3) And tin recovery: then, after regrinding the copper tailings, feeding the copper tailings into a shaking table, and separating to obtain tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings;
(4) And desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate: and performing desulfurization flotation on the obtained tin rough concentrate, and separating to obtain tin concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
In the step (1), the copper-tin ore is raw ore with copper grade more than 0.1%, tin grade more than 0.1%, pyrite content more than 3.0%, and total content of light-weight gangue minerals such as quartz, sericite, calcite and the like more than 40%.
In the step (1), a heavy medium cyclone is adopted to throw and remove light-specific gravity gangue minerals in ores, the selected particle size range of the heavy medium cyclone is 0.5-15mm, the inlet pressure is 0.12-0.25MPa, and the combined medium density is 1.8-3.0 g/cm 3 。
In the step (2), the ore pulp fed by copper flotation has the mass concentration of 35-50% and the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 60-80%, the flotation agents are lime 2000-12000g/t, collecting agents 50-300g/t and foaming agents 10-80g/t.
The shaking table in the step (3) of the invention reselects ore pulp for feeding, the mass concentration of the ore pulp is 12-25%, and the fineness of the ore pulp is-0.074 mm, and accounts for 80-100%.
Adding an activating agent H in the step (4) of the invention 2 SO 4 Adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 5-6, and activating an agent CuSO 4 The using amount of the collector is 200-800 g/t, the using amount of the collector is 20-200g/t, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 10-50g/t.
The heavy medium separation in the step (1) adopts a crusher, a classifying screen and a heavy medium cyclone, wherein an oversize product outlet of the classifying screen is communicated with a feed inlet of the heavy medium cyclone, an overflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone is tailings, an underflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone is rough concentrate, raw ore is crushed by the crusher and then sequentially enters the classifying screen and the heavy medium cyclone, and light-weight minerals with the specific gravity lower than that of copper minerals and tin minerals in the ore are removed.
The copper recovery equipment adopted in the step (2) of the invention comprises a first ball mill, a first stirring barrel, a first copper roughing flotation machine, a second copper roughing flotation machine, a first copper refining flotation machine, a second copper refining flotation machine, a first copper scavenging flotation machine and a second copper scavenging flotation machine, wherein a feed inlet of the first ball mill is communicated with an undersize product outlet of a classifying screen and an underflow product outlet of a dense medium cyclone, a discharge outlet of the first ball mill is communicated with a feed inlet of the first stirring barrel, a discharge outlet of the first stirring barrel is communicated with a feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, a foam product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with a feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, a product outlet in a tank of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with a feed inlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the product outlet in the cell of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper scavenging flotation machine, the product outlet in the cell of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine, the product outlet in the cell of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the product outlet of the foam product outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine is copper concentrate, the product outlet in the cell of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper scavenging flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the first copper scavenging flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the product outlet in the first copper scavenging flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the second copper scavenging flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the second copper scavenging flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper scavenging flotation machine, and the product outlet in the second copper scavenging flotation machine is copper tailings.
The equipment adopted for tin recovery in the step (3) comprises a second ball mill and a shaking table, wherein a feed inlet of the second ball mill is communicated with an in-tank product outlet of a second copper scavenging flotation machine, a discharge outlet of the second ball mill is communicated with a feed inlet of the shaking table, and tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings are obtained after treatment of the shaking table.
The equipment adopted for desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate in the step (4) comprises a second stirring barrel, a first desulfurization rough flotation machine and a second desulfurization rough flotation machine, wherein a feed inlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine is communicated with a discharge outlet of the second stirring barrel, an in-tank product outlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine is communicated with a feed inlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine, a product at an in-tank product outlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine is tin concentrate, and a product at a foam product outlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine and a product at a foam product outlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine are sulfur concentrates.
By adopting the process, the invention carries out heavy medium pre-waste disposal before the raw ore is ground, thus improving the selection grade of copper and tin, reducing the production cost and saving the storage capacity of a tailing pond; the copper recovery ensures the grade and recovery rate of copper concentrate; tin recovery and tin rough concentrate desulfurization can ensure the index of tin concentrate; the removed ore with light specific gravity can be sold as a building material, the added value of the tailings is increased, and the method has the advantages of high selected grade, guaranteed concentrate index, reduced production cost, improved economic benefit and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a flow diagram of a dense media sorting process.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a copper recovery process.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a tin recovery process.
Fig. 5 is a flow diagram of a process for desulphurizing tin rough concentrate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in the attached drawings, the copper-tin ore separation process is characterized by comprising the following separation steps:
(1) Heavy medium separation: after raw copper-tin ore is crushed, sequentially removing light-weight minerals with specific gravity lower than that of copper minerals and tin minerals in the ore;
(2) And copper recovery: carrying out copper flotation on the ore pulp subjected to ore grinding treatment to obtain copper concentrate and copper tailings;
(3) And tin recovery: then, after regrinding the copper tailings, feeding the copper tailings into a table concentrator, and separating to obtain tin rough concentrate, tin middling and tailings;
(4) And desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate: and performing desulfurization flotation on the obtained tin rough concentrate, and separating to obtain tin concentrate and sulfur concentrate.
In the step (1), the copper-tin ore is raw ore with copper grade more than 0.1%, tin grade more than 0.1%, pyrite content more than 3.0%, and total content of light-weight gangue minerals such as quartz, sericite and calcite more than 40%.
In the step (1), a heavy medium cyclone is adopted to throw and remove light-specific gravity gangue minerals in ores, the selected particle size range of the heavy medium cyclone is 0.5-15mm, the inlet pressure is 0.12-0.25MPa, and the total medium density is 1.8-3.0 g/cm 3 。
In the step (2), the ore pulp for copper flotation feeding has the mass concentration of 35-50% and the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 60-80%, and the flotation reagents are lime 2000-12000g/t, collecting agents 50-300g/t and foaming agents 10-80g/t.
The ore pulp fed by the shaking table in the step (3) has the mass concentration of 12-25% and the fineness of-0.074 mm accounting for 80-100%.
Adding an activating agent H in the step (4) of the invention 2 SO 4 Adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 5 to 6, and activating an agent CuSO 4 The using amount of the collector is 200-800 g/t, the using amount of the collector is 20-200g/t, and the using amount of the foaming agent is 10-50g/t.
The heavy medium separation in the step (1) adopts the equipment comprising the crusher 5, the classifying screen 6 and the heavy medium cyclone 7, wherein an oversize product outlet of the classifying screen 6 is communicated with a feed inlet of the heavy medium cyclone 7, an overflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone 7 is tailings, an underflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone 7 is rough concentrate, and after being crushed by the crusher 5, raw ore sequentially enters the classifying screen 6 and the heavy medium cyclone 7 to remove light-specific gravity minerals with specific gravity lower than that of copper minerals and tin minerals in the ore.
The copper recovery equipment adopted in the step (2) of the invention is a first ball mill 8, a first stirring barrel 9, a first copper roughing flotation machine 10, a second copper roughing flotation machine 11, a first copper concentrating flotation machine 12, a second copper concentrating flotation machine 13, a first copper scavenging flotation machine 14 and a second copper scavenging flotation machine 15, the feeding port of the first ball mill 8 is communicated with the undersize product outlet of the classifying screen 6 and the underflow product outlet of the heavy medium cyclone 7, the discharging port of the first ball mill 8 is communicated with the feeding port of the first stirring barrel 9, the discharging port of the first stirring barrel 9 is communicated with the feeding port of the first copper roughing flotation machine 10, the froth product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine 10 is communicated with the feeding port of the first copper flotation machine 12, the product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine 10 is communicated with the feeding port of the second copper roughing flotation machine 11, the product outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine 11 is communicated with the feeding port of the second copper roughing flotation machine 12, the froth outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine 11 is communicated with the copper roughing flotation machine 14, the flotation product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine 12 is communicated with the flotation tank 12, the flotation tank 13 of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the flotation machine 12, the product outlet in the first copper scavenging flotation machine 14 is communicated with the feed inlet of the second copper scavenging flotation machine 15, the foam product outlet of the second copper scavenging flotation machine 15 is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper scavenging flotation machine 14, and the product at the product outlet in the second copper scavenging flotation machine 15 is copper tailings.
The equipment for recovering tin in the step (3) comprises a second ball mill 16 and a shaking table 17, wherein a feed inlet of the second ball mill 16 is communicated with a product outlet in a tank of a second copper scavenging flotation machine 15, a discharge outlet of the second ball mill 16 is communicated with a feed inlet of the shaking table 17, and tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings are obtained after treatment of the shaking table 17.
The equipment adopted for desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate in the step (4) comprises a second stirring barrel 18, a first desulfurization rough flotation machine 19 and a second desulfurization rough flotation machine 20, wherein a feed inlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine 19 is communicated with a discharge outlet of the second stirring barrel 18, an in-tank product outlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine 19 is communicated with a feed inlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine 20, a product at an in-tank product outlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine 20 is tin concentrate, and a product at a foam product outlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine 20 and a product at a foam product outlet of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine 19 are sulfur concentrates.
Example 1
Some copper-tin ore raw ore: the Cu grade is 0.85 percent, the Sn grade is 0.38 percent, the Ag grade is 45.30g/t, the main metal minerals are chalcopyrite, cassiterite and pyrite, a small amount of sphalerite, and the non-metal minerals are mainly quartz, sericite, feldspar, calcite, kaolinite and the like.
The ore is processed by adopting a copper-tin ore separation system, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
feeding raw ore into a crusher 5, crushing to-15 mm, screening by a classifying screen 6 to obtain two size fractions of-0.5 mm and +0.5mm to-15 mm, feeding the ore of the size fraction of +0.5mm to-15 mm into a dense medium cyclone 7, and feeding the ore of the size fraction of +0.5mm to-15 mm into the dense medium cyclone 7 under the conditions that the inlet pressure is 0.14MPa and the total medium density is 2.15g/cm 3 The heavy and light products are separated under the conditions and then the heavy product and the-0.5 mm size fraction raw ore are combined and fed into a first ball mill 8.
Grinding ore until the ore is 75 percent of-0.074 mm, adjusting the mass concentration of the ore pulp to 40 percent, feeding the ore pulp into a first stirring barrel 9, sequentially adding 2000g/t of lime, 80g/t of butyl xanthate and 20g/t of foaming agent, feeding the product into a first copper roughing flotation machine 10 through a pipeline, feeding the product in the first copper roughing flotation machine 10 into a second copper roughing flotation machine 11, adding 1000g/t of lime, 60g/t of butyl xanthate and 10g/t of foaming agent into the product in the first copper roughing flotation machine, feeding the product in the second copper roughing flotation machine 11 into a first copper scavenging flotation machine 14, adding 500g/t of lime, 20g/t of butyl xanthate and 5g/t of foaming agent into the product in the second copper roughing flotation machine, feeding the product in the first copper scavenging flotation machine 14 into a second copper scavenging flotation machine 15, adding 500g/t of lime, 10g/t of butyl xanthate and 5g/t of foaming agent into the product in the first copper scavenging flotation machine 14, feeding the product in the second copper scavenging flotation machine 15 into the first copper scavenging flotation machine 15, feeding the product in the second copper scavenging flotation machine 15 into the first copper roughing flotation machine 14, feeding the product in the first copper scavenging flotation machine 12, feeding the first copper roughing flotation machine 11 and the product into the first copper scavenging flotation machine, and the first copper scavenging flotation machine 11, the foam products of the first copper concentration flotation machine 12 are fed into a second copper concentration flotation machine 13 in a combined mode, the products in the tank of the second copper concentration flotation machine 13 are returned to the first copper concentration flotation machine 12, the foam products of the second copper concentration flotation machine 13 are copper concentrates, and the products in the tank of the second copper concentration flotation machine 15 are copper tailings.
Feeding the copper tailings into a second ball mill 16, grinding until the copper tailings with the diameter of-0.074 mm accounts for 90%, adjusting the mass concentration of the ore pulp to 18%, feeding the ore pulp into a shaking table 17, and separating the ore pulp by the shaking table 17 to obtain high-grade tin rough concentrate, inferior tin middling and tailings.
After mineral dressing agents for desulfurization flotation are sequentially added into the second stirring barrel 18 (the pH value is adjusted to be 5-6 by sulfuric acid, 300g/t of copper sulfate, 60g/t of butyl xanthate and 20g/t of foaming agent), the mineral dressing agents are fed into the first desulfurization roughing flotation machine 19 in a self-flowing mode, 30g/t of butyl xanthate and 10g/t of foaming agent are added into products in a first desulfurization roughing flotation machine tank, products in the first desulfurization roughing flotation machine 19 are fed into the second desulfurization roughing flotation machine 20, products in the second desulfurization roughing flotation machine 20 are final tin concentrate, and foam products of the first desulfurization roughing flotation machine 19 and the second desulfurization roughing flotation machine 20 are sulfur concentrate.
The test results of example 1 are shown in table 1.
Table 1 test results of example 1
In conclusion, by adopting the separation process of the embodiment of the method, the heavy medium separation can improve the selecting grade of copper and tin, reduce the ore grinding amount of a mill, reduce the production cost, save the storage capacity of a tailing pond, and the removed light-weight ore can be sold as a building material, so that the additional value of the tailing is increased; the copper recovery adopts a process flow of 'two coarse and two fine sweeping', and simultaneously, lime is adopted as an inhibitor of pyrite, so that the grade and the recovery rate of copper concentrate are ensured; the regrinding of the tin-recovered copper tailings ensures better monomer dissociation of tin minerals; the 'secondary roughing' process flow is adopted for tin rough concentrate desulfurization, copper sulfate is added in an acid environment to serve as an activating agent of pyrite, so that the pyrite is fully activated, the influence of the pyrite on the indexes of the tin concentrate is eliminated, copper concentrate with the Cu grade of 16.61%, the Ag grade of 735.02g/t, the Cu recovery rate of 90.98%, the Ag recovery rate of 70.60% and tin concentrate with the Sn grade of 40.52% and the Sn recovery rate of 90.98% are finally obtained, and comprehensive recovery of copper and tin is realized. The copper and tin comprehensive beneficiation index is good, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
Claims (1)
1. A copper-tin ore separation process is characterized by comprising the following separation steps:
(1) And heavy medium separation: after the raw ore of the copper-tin ore is crushed, sequentially removing light-specific-gravity minerals with specific gravity lower than that of the copper mineral and the tin mineral in the ore;
(2) And copper recovery: carrying out copper flotation on the ore pulp subjected to ore grinding treatment to obtain copper concentrate and copper tailings;
(3) And tin recovery: then, after regrinding the copper tailings, feeding the copper tailings into a shaking table, and separating to obtain tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings;
(4) Desulfurizing the tin rough concentrate: performing desulfurization flotation on the obtained tin rough concentrate, separating to obtain tin concentrate and sulfur concentrate,
in the step (1), the copper-tin ore is raw ore with copper grade more than 0.1%, tin grade more than 0.1%, pyrite content more than 3.0%, and total content of light-weight gangue minerals more than 40%,
in the step (1), a heavy medium cyclone is adopted to throw and remove light-specific gravity gangue minerals in ores, the selected particle size range of the heavy medium cyclone is 0.5-15mm, the inlet pressure is 0.12-0.25MPa, and the combined medium density is 1.8-3.0 g/cm 3 ，
The ore pulp for copper flotation feeding in the step (2) has the mass concentration of 35% -50%, the fineness of minus 0.074mm accounts for 60% -80%, the flotation reagent is lime 2000-12000g/t, the collecting agent is 50-300g/t, and the foaming agent is 10-80g/t, the ore pulp for copper flotation feeding in the step (3) has the mass concentration of 12-25%, the fineness of minus 0.074mm accounts for 80% -100%,
adding an activating agent H in the step (4) 2 SO 4 Adjusting the pH value of the ore pulp to 5-6, and activating an agent CuSO 4 The using amount of the collecting agent is 200-800 g/t, the using amount of the collecting agent is 20-200g/t, the using amount of the foaming agent is 10-50g/t, the heavy medium separation in the step (1) adopts equipment comprising a crusher, a classifying screen and a heavy medium cyclone, an oversize product outlet of the classifying screen is communicated with a feed inlet of the heavy medium cyclone, an overflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone is tailings, an underflow outlet product of the heavy medium cyclone is rough concentrate, raw ore is crushed by the crusher and then sequentially enters the classifying screen and the heavy medium cyclone to remove light specific gravity minerals with specific gravity lower than copper minerals and tin minerals in the ores, and the copper recovery in the step (2) adopts equipment comprising a first ball mill, a first stirring barrel, a first copper roughing flotation machine, a second copper roughing flotation machine, a first copper concentrating flotation machine, a second copper concentrating flotation machine, a first copper scavenging flotation machine and a second copper scavenging flotation machine, the feed port of the first ball mill is communicated with the undersize product outlet of the classifying screen and the underflow product outlet of the dense medium cyclone, the discharge port of the first ball mill is communicated with the feed port of the first stirring barrel, the discharge port of the first stirring barrel is communicated with the feed port of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed port of the first copper concentrating flotation machine, the in-tank product outlet of the first copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed port of the second copper roughing flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed port of the first copper concentrating flotation machine, the in-tank product outlet of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed port of the first copper scavenging flotation machine, the in-tank product outlet of the first copper concentrating flotation machine is communicated with the feed port of the first copper roughing flotation machine, the foam product outlet of the first copper concentration flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the second copper concentration flotation machine, the product outlet in the tank of the second copper concentration flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the first copper concentration flotation machine, the product at the foam product outlet of the second copper concentration flotation machine is copper concentrate, and the product outlet in the tank of the second copper roughing flotation machine is communicated with the feed inlet of the second copper concentration flotation machineThe equipment adopted in the step (3) for tin recovery comprises a second ball mill and a shaking table, the feeding port of the second ball mill is communicated with the in-tank product outlet of the second copper scavenging flotation machine, the discharge port of the second ball mill is communicated with the feeding port of the shaking table, tin rough concentrate, tin middlings and tailings are obtained after shaking table treatment, the equipment adopted in the step (4) for tin rough concentrate desulfurization comprises a second stirring barrel, a first desulfurization rough flotation machine and a second desulfurization rough flotation machine, the first desulfurization rough flotation machine is communicated with the feeding port of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine, the feeding port of the second ball mill is communicated with the feeding port of the second copper scavenging flotation machine, the tin rough concentrate, the tin middlings and the tailings are obtained after the shaking table treatment, the equipment adopted in the step (4) for tin rough concentrate desulfurization is provided with the second stirring barrel, the first desulfurization rough flotation machine and the second desulfurization rough flotation machine, the feeding port of the first desulfurization rough flotation machine is communicated with the feeding port of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine, and the foam product outlet of the second desulfurization rough flotation machine is communicated with the second desulfurization rough flotation machine.
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