CN110013918B - Method for improving gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by full flotation process - Google Patents

Method for improving gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by full flotation process Download PDF

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CN110013918B
CN110013918B CN201910035892.1A CN201910035892A CN110013918B CN 110013918 B CN110013918 B CN 110013918B CN 201910035892 A CN201910035892 A CN 201910035892A CN 110013918 B CN110013918 B CN 110013918B
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吕良
陈长力
岳铁兵
余永辉
郭珍旭
武杰
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Songxian Jinniu Co ltd
Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources CAGS
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Zhengzhou Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources CAGS
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B7/00Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03DFLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
    • B03D1/00Flotation
    • B03D1/02Froth-flotation processes

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ores by a full flotation process, which comprises the following steps: (1) after grinding raw ores, performing rough concentration through a first-stage flotation column to obtain primary concentrate and primary tailings, and performing fine concentration on the primary concentrate through a first-stage flotation column to obtain fine concentration tailings and final gold concentrate; (2) scavenging the primary tailings by a primary flotation machine to obtain scavenging first concentrate and scavenging first tailings, scavenging the scavenging first tailings by a secondary flotation machine to obtain scavenging second concentrate and final tailings, and returning the scavenging second concentrate to the primary scavenging; (3) and combining the selected tailings and the scavenging-concentrate concentrated by the gold-carrying lean intergrowth for cyclone classification operation to obtain a sand setting product and an overflow product, regrinding the sand setting product, combining the sand setting product and the overflow product, and returning to the first-stage roughing. The method effectively solves the problem of low recovery rate of the flotation gold caused by the fact that the poor intergrowth enters the tailings in the production process, and simultaneously eliminates cyaniding leaching operation in the prior art and eliminates the harm of cyanide to the environment from the source.

Description

Method for improving gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by full flotation process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gold recovery of gold ores, in particular to a method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ores by a full flotation process, which can replace the existing flotation and cyanidation processes and eliminate the harm of cyanide to the environment.
Background
China has abundant gold mineral resources, but with continuous consumption of gold resources, the current situation of keeping the reserves of the gold resources is not optimistic, and the average grade of gold ores shows the trend of declining year by year. Because of the excessive consumption of shallow resources in the past, the exploration and development of gold ores gradually turns to deep, the gold ore resources increasingly present the characteristics of dispersion, difficulty in concentration and recovery and the like, and the ratio of low-grade refractory mineral resources is gradually increased.
In the development and utilization process of the ore, the purpose of effectively extracting gold is difficult to achieve by adopting a conventional or single dressing and smelting method. For the gold ores and associated gold ores, because the mineral and gangue fine particles are embedded and have a complex symbiotic relationship, and the conventional single treatment processes (gravity separation, flotation and cyaniding leaching) cannot effectively recover gold in the ores, the gold ores need to be extracted by adopting a combined process, and the main combined processes comprise gravity separation-flotation, gravity separation-leaching, flotation-leaching and the like.
The gold is divided into oxidized ore, primary ore and mixed ore according to the occurrence state of gold, and the corresponding existing gold separation process comprises full mud cyanidation, flotation and cyanidation. With the gradual deep mining of oxidized ores, the properties of ores gradually evolve into semi-primary semi-oxidized mixed ores, the gold dressing and metallurgy process is changed due to the change of the occurrence state of gold in geology, the gold dressing and metallurgy process is generally adopted for recycling, and the gold embedded in sulfides is suitably recycled by adopting the flotation process to obtain gold concentrates. The gold existing in gangue cracks or coated gold is effectively recovered by adopting a full-mud cyanidation process, so that the gold in the mixed ore is completely recovered, and the specific principle process is shown in figure 1.
For semi-oxidized semi-primary type mixed gold ores, the flotation and flotation tailing cyanidation process is generally adopted for recovery according to the process mineralogy characteristics of gold, but the process inevitably has the following problems: 1. the recovery rate of the gold by flotation is lower, usually 50-60%, and the gold grade in the tailings is higher and reaches about 0.5 g/ton; 2. the gold in the flotation tailings is recovered by adopting an all-mud cyanidation process, so that the problem of environmental pollution is not ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for selectively grinding gold-loaded lean intergrown minerals and floating and recovering fine-grained gold-loaded minerals by aiming at the characteristics of semi-primary semi-oxidation mixed gold ore resources, which replaces the existing flotation and cyanidation leaching process, solves the problem of low recovery rate of gold by flotation due to the fact that lean intergrown bodies enter tailings in the flotation process, achieves the purpose of recovering the gold-like resources by the full flotation process, and simultaneously eliminates the environmental pollution caused by cyanides from the source.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by a full flotation process comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding raw ores, and performing primary roughing to obtain primary concentrate and primary tailings, wherein the lean intergrowth is promoted to float upwards by a high-efficiency collecting agent in the primary roughing, and the primary concentrate is subjected to primary concentration to obtain concentrated tailings and final gold concentrate;
(2) primary tailings are subjected to primary scavenging to obtain scavenging first concentrate and scavenging first tailings, scavenging first tailings are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain scavenging second concentrate and final tailings, and scavenging second concentrate is returned to the primary scavenging;
(3) and combining the selected tailings and scavenging-concentrate concentrated by the gold-loaded lean intergrowth for cyclone classification operation to obtain a sand setting product and an overflow product, regrinding the sand setting product to enable gold-loaded minerals to appear in a monomer or enriched intergrowth form, and combining the sand setting product with the overflow product to return to a first-stage roughing.
Further, in the step (1), raw ores enter a roughing flotation column after being ground, the high-efficiency collecting agents added into each ton of raw ores are MA collecting agents 90g/t and P-1 collecting agents 30g/t, and in addition, foaming agent No. 2 oil 9g/t is added to obtain primary concentrate mainly composed of gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and continuous growth degrees.
Further, in the step (1), a rotational flow static flotation column or a jet flow flotation machine is adopted for the first-stage roughing and the first-stage concentrating.
Further, the primary concentrate in the step (1) enters a concentration flotation column for blank concentration to obtain final gold concentrate and concentration tailings, useful minerals in the concentration tailings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide poor intergrowth, and blank concentration refers to that collecting agents, foaming agents and the like are not added.
Further, in the step (2), 30g/t of MA collecting agent and 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil are added to each ton of primary tailings, and the primary tailings enter a first-stage scavenging flotation machine to obtain scavenging first-stage concentrate consisting of gold-carrying lean intergrowths with useful minerals mainly including coarse grains.
Further, in the step (2), 30g/t of MA collecting agent is added into one scavenging tailings per ton, and the scavenging tailings enter a second-stage scavenging flotation machine to obtain two scavenging concentrates of which useful minerals are composed of leaner gold-carrying intergrowths or wrapped minerals, wherein the leaner gold-carrying intergrowths refer to gold-carrying lean intergrowths with lower content of floatable minerals relative to the scavenging first concentrates.
Further, in the step (1), the raw ore is ground to 60% of-0.074 mm through ball milling-classification operation, the raw ore enters a first-stage roughing step, and coarse grains with the grain size larger than 0.074mm return to continue ball milling.
Further, in the step (3), the cyclone is operated in a grading way to obtain settled sand products with the fineness of-0.025 mm accounting for 53.77 percent and overflow products with the fineness of-0.025 mm accounting for 98.71 percent, the settled sand products are stirred, ground and reground until the fineness reaches-0.025 mm accounting for 75.25 percent, and then the settled sand products and the overflow products are combined and returned to the first-stage roughing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing production process flow, the swirler grit regrinding operation improves the dissociation degree of the gold-loaded lean intergrowth, and grinds the gold-loaded lean intergrowth to ensure that gold-loaded minerals appear in a monomer or enriched intergrowth form; the pre-selection grading operation ensures that the useful minerals with higher separation degree are not over-ground; the combination of the cyclone-static flotation column well recovers the fine useful minerals after regrinding. The method effectively solves the problem of low recovery rate of flotation gold caused by the fact that the poor intergrowth enters the final tailings in the production flow, and simultaneously avoids the phenomenon that too many poor intergrowths enter the final gold concentrate, so that the gold grade of the final gold concentrate is reduced.
The MA collecting agent is modified alkyl xanthate, the P-1 collecting agent is a polyamine compound, and the two collecting agents are combined into the high-efficiency collecting agent, so that the high-efficiency collecting agent has the advantage of high collecting capacity, is beneficial to floating of coarse-grained gold-loaded lean intergrowths into primary concentrate, reduces the grade of flotation tailings, provides precondition for subsequent selective grinding, and further reduces the grade of final tailings.
The invention adopts selective regrinding, aims at intermediate products with more distribution after the gold-carrying poor intergrowth mineral floats, such as concentrated tailings, scavenging-concentrate and the like, adopts stirring mill regrinding to dissociate the gold-carrying poor intergrowth or appear in a form of relatively enriched intergrowth, and provides favorable conditions for returning subsequent fine grains to a roughing flotation column for roughing.
The column machine continuous separation of the invention, the flotation machine recovers coarse grain poor intergrowth through the combination of the flotation column and the flotation machine, and the static cyclone flotation recovers fine grain gold-bearing minerals after fine grinding, thereby enhancing the recovery of valuable elements together.
The total yield of gold obtained by the semi-oxidized semi-primary mixed gold ore is equivalent to that of the existing flotation and cyanidation process, and the processing cost of the abandoned cyanidation process link is 100 yuan/ton, which accounts for 50% of the production cost of the existing process, so that the process can reduce the existing processing cost by 50%. In the aspects of environment and safety, the implementation of the process can eliminate the environmental pollution caused by cyaniding tailings from the source and save the cost for discharging the cyaniding slag; meanwhile, the flotation tailings have underground filling conditions, potential safety hazards of a tailing pond to downstream areas are eliminated, the mining recovery rate is improved, and certain economic, environment-friendly and safe benefits are achieved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a conventional gold extraction process for mixed gold ores;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process for extracting gold from mixed gold ore.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The semi-oxidized semi-primary gold ore of the Dongwan ore dressing plant of Jinjuju, Songhua, Jinniu, Co., Ltd is adopted as the raw ore, as shown in figure 2, a method for improving the gold recovery rate of the semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by a full flotation process comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding raw ores, performing primary roughing to obtain primary concentrate and primary tailings, and performing primary concentration on the primary concentrate to obtain concentrated tailings and final gold concentrate;
carrying out ball milling-grading operation on raw ore with the gold grade of 1.6g/t until the gold grade is-0.074 mm and accounts for 60%, carrying out first-stage roughing, and returning coarse grains with the grain size of more than 0.074mm to continue ball milling. After ore pulp enters a rough concentration flotation column, adding 90g/t MA collecting agent, 30g/t P-1 collecting agent and 9g/t foaming agent No. 2 oil into each ton of raw ore, wherein the concentration of the ore pulp entering the rough concentration flotation column is 33%, and the first-stage rough concentration is carried out under the condition that the natural pH value is 7 +/-0.5 to obtain primary ore concentrate and primary tailings, wherein the primary ore concentrate mainly comprises gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and continuous growth degrees, the gold grade is 5-10g/t, and the gold grade of the primary tailings is 0.6 g/t; the primary concentrate enters a concentration flotation column for blank concentration, the concentration of concentration pulp of the primary concentrate is 10%, the first-stage concentration is carried out under the condition that the natural pH value is 7 +/-0.5, the final gold concentrate and concentration tailings are obtained, the gold grade of the final gold concentrate is more than 30g/t, the concentration tailings are mainly gold-loaded sulfides with different continuous growth degrees, and the gold grade is 2-3 g/t.
The roughing flotation column and the selecting flotation column are rotational flow static flotation columns, and can be replaced by a jet flow flotation machine.
(2) Primary tailings are subjected to primary scavenging to obtain scavenging first concentrate and scavenging first tailings, scavenging first tailings are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain scavenging second concentrate and final tailings, and scavenging second concentrate is returned to the primary scavenging;
adding 30g/t of MA collecting agent and 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil into primary tailings per ton of ore, feeding the primary tailings into a first-stage scavenging flotation machine, wherein the concentration of mineral liquid of the primary tailings fed into the first-stage scavenging flotation machine is 28%, and the first-stage scavenging is carried out under the condition that the natural pH is 7 +/-0.5, so as to obtain first-scavenging concentrate and first-scavenging tailings, wherein the gold grade of the first-scavenging concentrate is 1-2g/t, the gold-carrying lean intergrowth of which useful minerals are mainly coarse grains, and the gold grade of the first-scavenging tailings is 0.4 g/t; adding 30g/t of MA collecting agent into scavenging first tailings in terms of each ton of ore, feeding the scavenging first tailings into a second-stage scavenging flotation machine, wherein the concentration of the scavenging first tailings entering the second-stage scavenging flotation machine is 25%, carrying out second-stage scavenging under the condition that the natural pH value is 7 +/-0.5 to obtain scavenging second concentrates and final tailings, wherein the gold grade of the scavenging second concentrates is 1.1-1.5g/t, useful minerals of the scavenging second concentrates are leaner gold-carrying intergrowths or wrapped minerals, and returning the scavenging second concentrates to the first-stage scavenging flotation machine for sorting.
(3) Combining the selected tailings and scavenging-one concentrate concentrated by the gold-loaded lean intergrowth to perform cyclone classification operation to obtain a sand setting product and an overflow product, regrinding the sand setting product, combining the sand setting product and the overflow product, and returning to the first-stage roughing;
and combining the selected tailings and the scavenging-one concentrate concentrated by the gold-bearing mineral poor intergrowth to perform cyclone classification operation, wherein the fineness of a sand setting product in the classification operation is 53.77 percent of-0.025 mm, the sand setting product is stirred and ground until the fineness reaches 75.25 percent of-0.025 mm, and the sand setting product and an overflow product with the fineness of-0.025 mm and 98.71 percent of-0.025 mm are combined and returned to a roughing flotation column for roughing.
The results of the multielement analysis of the raw ore are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chemical multiple analysis of raw ore
Composition (I) Au* Ag* Pb Zn Cu S As TFe
Content (%) 1.62 15.63 0.064 0.071 0.0023 1.25 0.0065 3.80
Composition (I) SiO2 Al2O3 K2O CaO MgO Na2O WO3
Content (%) 68.71 10.02 5.48 1.81 1.37 0.14 0.036
The method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by adopting the full flotation process of the embodiment is adopted, the average index of the mineral product obtained by carrying out continuous separation for 72 hours in a semi-industrial test is shown in table 2, and the index of the mineral product obtained by adopting the existing process shown in fig. 1 on the corresponding site in the same period is shown in table 3.
TABLE 2 mean value of 72 hours index of the semi-industrial test of the process of the invention
Product name Yield (%) Gold grade (g/t) Gold recovery (%)
Final gold concentrate 4.06 34.50 85.87
Final tailings 95.94 0.24 14.13
Raw ore 100.00 1.63 100.00
TABLE 3 mean 72 hours of production index for field corresponding semi-industrial test
Figure BDA0001945898840000051
Figure BDA0001945898840000061
As can be seen from Table 3, the gold grade of the flotation tailings is 0.48g/t, tailings are obtained after gold cyanidation, the gold grade of the tailings is reduced to 0.24g/t, the gold recovery rate in the flotation tailings is 50%, the gold recovery rate for the raw ore is 14.39%, and the total gold recovery rate for the flotation and cyanidation is 85.62%.
Comparing table 2 and table 3, the invention obtains the total yield of gold equivalent to the existing flotation and cyanidation process aiming at the semi-oxidized semi-primary mixed gold ore, but the invention simplifies the process flow, omits the cyanidation process, reduces the production cost, eliminates the environmental pollution caused by cyanidation tailings from the source and saves the discharge expense of cyanidation slag.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by a full flotation process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) grinding raw ores, and performing primary roughing to obtain primary concentrate and primary tailings, wherein the gold-carrying barren intergrowth is promoted to float in the primary roughing through a high-efficiency collecting agent, and the primary concentrate is subjected to primary concentration to obtain concentrated tailings and final gold concentrate;
(2) primary tailings are subjected to primary scavenging to obtain scavenging first concentrate and scavenging first tailings, scavenging first tailings are subjected to secondary scavenging to obtain scavenging second concentrate and final tailings, and scavenging second concentrate is returned to the primary scavenging;
(3) combining the selected tailings and scavenging-one concentrate concentrated by the gold-loaded lean intergrowth to perform cyclone classification operation to obtain a sand setting product and an overflow product, regrinding the sand setting product by adopting a stirring mill to enable gold-loaded minerals to appear in a monomer or enriched intergrowth form, and then combining the sand setting product with the overflow product to return to a first-stage roughing;
in the step (1), raw ore is subjected to ball milling-grading operation until the grain size is-0.074 mm and accounts for 60 percent, and then the raw ore enters a first-stage roughing step;
in the step (1), raw ores enter a roughing flotation column after being ground, high-efficiency collecting agents which are an MA collecting agent 90g/t and a P-1 collecting agent 30g/t are added into each ton of raw ores, and in addition, 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil is added to obtain primary concentrate which mainly comprises gold-carrying sulfides with different monomer dissociation and continuous growth degrees;
in the step (2), 30g/t of MA collecting agent and 9g/t of foaming agent No. 2 oil are added into each ton of primary tailings, and the tailings enter a first-stage scavenging flotation machine to obtain scavenging first concentrate consisting of gold-bearing barren intergrowths with useful minerals mainly being coarse grains;
in the step (2), 30g/t of MA collecting agent is added into one ton of scavenging tailings, the scavenging tailings enter a two-stage scavenging flotation machine, and scavenging second concentrate with useful minerals composed of leaner gold-carrying intergrowth or wrapped minerals is obtained.
2. The method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by a full flotation process according to claim 1, characterized in that a cyclone static flotation column or a jet flow flotation machine is adopted for the first-stage rough flotation and the first-stage fine flotation in the step (1).
3. The method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary semi-oxidized gold ore by a full flotation process according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary concentrate in the step (1) enters a concentration flotation column for blank concentration to obtain final gold concentrate and concentration tailings, and useful minerals in the concentration tailings are mainly gold-bearing sulfide lean intergrowth.
4. The method for improving the gold recovery rate of semi-primary gold semi-oxide ore by a full flotation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the raw ore is subjected to ball milling-classification operation until the raw ore is ground to 60% of-0.074 mm, the raw ore enters a first-stage roughing step, and coarse particles with the particle size of more than 0.074mm return to the ball milling step for further grinding.
5. The method for improving the gold recovery rate of the semi-primary gold semi-oxide ore by the full flotation process according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the cyclone classification operation is carried out to obtain a sand setting product with the fineness of 53.77 percent of-0.025 mm and an overflow product with the fineness of 98.71 percent of-0.025 mm, the sand setting product is stirred, ground and reground until the fineness reaches 75.25 percent of-0.025 mm, and then the sand setting product and the overflow product are combined and returned to the primary roughing.
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