CN114307408B - Preparation method of high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material. The preparation method comprises the steps of drying polymer slices; blending and modifying the polymer slices with high intrinsic viscosity; blending and modifying the polymer slice with low intrinsic viscosity; preparing a crude fiber web with a primary filtering effect by adopting a polymer slice blending modifier with high intrinsic viscosity; preparing a fine fiber web with a high-grade filtering effect by adopting a polymer slice blending modifier with low intrinsic viscosity; the coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, and the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material is obtained after high-voltage electret treatment. According to the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material, disclosed by the application, the air permeability, the tensile strength, the longitudinal fracture strength and the mildew resistance of the filter material are improved by adding the mesoporous inorganic electret and the nano inorganic electret which are porous and adsorbed to particles with different particle diameters.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of non-woven fabric preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material.
Background
With the increasing environmental pollution, social progress and the improvement of living standard of people, the influence of air quality on human health has been paid more and more attention. Since winter 2013, the problem of air pollution caused by multiple persistent hazy weather has become a major obstacle affecting people's pursuing healthy life. According to the information published by the U.S. environmental protection agency, suspended particles with a size of less than 2.5 μm are the main contributors to injury to the respiratory tract and organs outside the lungs of the human body, and are also the main sources of air pollution. Research shows that the harmful substances in haze mainly comprise four major categories of organic alkanes, sulfate, nitrate and soot generated by incomplete fuel oil in automobile exhaust. Besides affecting people's life, the existence of suspended particles can cause immeasurable loss to precision instruments used in industries such as electronics, precision machinery, metallurgy, aerospace, nuclear energy, chemical industry and the like. In order to build a good living environment for human beings and promote the development of high-precision industries, air pollution control has become a primary solution for sustainable development in China.
The method is one of effective means for treating air pollution by intercepting and adsorbing harmful particles, especially small-size particles, in polluted air in a filtering mode while fundamentally cutting off pollutant emission. However, the filtering products put in the market at present commonly achieve the filtering purpose by changing polymer types (using degradable materials), changing electret master batches or using a multi-layer non-woven fabric pressing process, and an air filter for filtering non-woven fabrics disclosed by CN213192955U achieves the effect of adsorption and bacteriostasis by using an active carbon layer sandwiched between two non-woven fabric layers; a double-layer non-woven fabric filter dust bag disclosed in CN213492518U forms a dust bag by means of a pattern combination of non-woven fabric/sterilizing filter layer/non-woven fabric; an environment-friendly air filtering non-woven fabric disclosed by CN112853619B and a production process and application thereof are prepared by mixing polypropylene, electret master batch and high polymer electret, spinning, drafting and rolling, and have a certain air filtering effect; CN110404339a uses an antibacterial and mildew-proof filter support layer formed by polymer fibers and mildew-proof nanoparticles for preparing a low-resistance PM2.5 filter material; CN104711764B uses polylactic acid (PLA) and nano particles as raw materials to obtain a nonwoven material by using an improved melt-blown superfine fiber processing technique; CN 108708079A takes polylactic acid as raw material to provide a preparation method of high temperature resistant melt-blown electret non-woven filter material; CN 112853619A is prepared by uniformly mixing polypropylene, electret master batch and high polymer electret, and then obtaining the environment-friendly air filtration non-woven fabric through a screw extruder and a spinneret plate. The filtering material has the advantages of low strength, low efficiency, uneven distribution of active ingredients, low dust holding rate, short service life of the product, low cost performance and the like due to simple multi-layer pressing, less filtering active factors and no definite division of work between layers, and finally the problems of cracking, mildew and the like of the filtering material caused by external factors (such as large air quantity, large rainfall and large humidity) in the use process of the product are finally caused, so that the filtering material is invalid.
Therefore, a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filtering material needs to be explored for filtering suspended particles in air, and has very broad prospects in the fields of ventilation, air conditioning, air purification engineering and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the application is that: provides a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material. The preparation method improves the wind resistance, moisture resistance and mildew resistance of the non-woven fabric filter material, has high dust holding capacity and high filter efficiency, and is suitable for the fields of air purification, tail gas treatment, industrial waste gas filtration, haze prevention mask and the like.
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material provided by the application comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying polymer slices: drying the polymer slice with high or low intrinsic viscosity;
(2) Blending and modifying high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slices: blending the dried high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice, a fluid auxiliary agent and a mesoporous inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then granulating by a condensing, air-drying and granulating machine to obtain a high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier;
(3) Blending and modifying the polymer slice with low intrinsic viscosity: blending the dried low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice, a fluid auxiliary agent and a nano inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then granulating by a condensing, air-drying and granulating machine to obtain a low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier;
(4) Melting and extruding the high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier prepared in the step (2) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, shaping by cold air, lapping, hot-rolling and reinforcing to form a coarse fiber net with a primary filtering effect;
(5) Melting and extruding the low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier prepared in the step (3) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing and stretching by hot air to form an ultrafine filament material, shaping by cold air, lapping, hot-rolling and reinforcing to form a fine fiber net with a high-grade filtering effect;
(6) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, and the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material is obtained after high-voltage electret treatment.
Wherein:
the polymer slice in the step (1) is one or two of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) or polylactic acid (PLA) slice.
The intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice in the step (1) is 0.3-1.2dL/g, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice with high intrinsic viscosity is 0.7-1.2dL/g, and the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice with low intrinsic viscosity is 0.3-0.6dL/g.
The drying temperature in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃ and the drying time is 1-5 h.
The mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is one or more of a silicon dioxide-based mesoporous material, a titanium dioxide-based mesoporous material, an aluminum oxide-based mesoporous material or a zinc sulfide-based mesoporous material, and the particle size is 100-400nm.
The fluid auxiliary agents in the step (2) and the step (3) are the same, and are one of Enox DTBP (manufacturer is Jiangsu Qiangsheng), FM (manufacturer is Basoff) or WS (manufacturer is Wacker).
The mass ratio of the high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice to the fluid auxiliary agent to the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is 100:0.5-5:5-15.
The twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (2) is 180-280 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30-50 ℃, the air drying time is 25-45 min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
The nanometer inorganic electret in the step (3) is one or more of nanometer silver, nanometer copper, nanometer zinc or nanometer titanium dioxide, and the grain diameter is 20-100nm.
The mass ratio of the low-intrinsic viscosity polymer slice to the fluid auxiliary agent to the nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is 100:0.5-5:3-7.
The twin-screw extrusion temperature range in the step (3) is 150-240 ℃, the condensation temperature is 25-45 ℃, the air drying time is 15-30min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m.
The technological parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the temperature of the melt is 230-270 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 230-270 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.25-0.5MPa, the rotating speed of a metering pump is 45-70Hz, the ejection amount of the melt is 180-220kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 150-176m/min, and the receiving distance is 5-10cm.
The draft parameters in step (4) are: the draft wind speed is 3500m/min-5000m/min.
The cold air parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 25-50deg.C, and the cooling time is 20-45min.
The hot rolling parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130-160 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12-15s, and the hot rolling ratio is 15% -25%.
The curing temperature in the step (4) is 35-50 ℃ and the curing time is 22-30min.
The material having a coarser fibrous structure as described in step (4) has a fiber diameter of 1.5-3 μm.
The primary filter effect of the coarse fiber web described in step (4) is capable of filtering particles having a size between 2 and 50 nm.
The technological parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the temperature of the melt is 180-240 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 230-300 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.2-0.4MPa, the rotating speed of a metering pump is 55-75Hz, the ejection amount of the melt is 150-200kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 180-200m/min, and the receiving distance is 12-18cm.
The draft parameters in step (5) are: the draft wind speed is 6000m/min-8000m/min.
The cold air parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 20-40deg.C, and the cooling time is 15-25min.
The hot rolling parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120-160 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15-22s, and the hot rolling ratio is 15% -25%.
The curing temperature in the step (5) is 25-35 ℃ and the curing time is 15-30min.
The ultrafine filament material described in the step (5), wherein the fiber diameter is 0.5 to 1.2. Mu.m.
The fine fiber web of advanced filtration effect described in step (5) is capable of filtering particles less than 2nm in size.
The mass ratio of the coarse fiber web to the superfine fiber web in the step (6) is 1:3.5-1:10.
The needling process parameters in the step (6) are as follows: the density of the needling is 4000-8000 needles/m, the needling frequency is 1000-1500 needles/min, the output speed is 5-10m/min, and the needling depth is 8-20mm.
And (3) the electret voltage in the step (6) is 20-50KV.
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material comprises two layers of coarse fiber net and superfine fiber net, wherein a fluid additive is added in the preparation process for improving the problem of the decrease of the fiber net strength, and the moisture resistance, mildew resistance and depth filtration characteristics of the filter material are improved through the advanced filtration of the nano inorganic electret after the primary filtration of the mesoporous inorganic electret.
Compared with the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material prepared by the application, the traditional filter material comprises glass fiber, synthetic fiber and non-woven fabric.
As a preferable technical scheme, the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material provided by the application comprises the following steps:
(1) And drying the polymer slices with different intrinsic viscosities.
(2) The dried polymer slice (divided into high intrinsic viscosity and low intrinsic viscosity), a fluid auxiliary agent, a mesoporous inorganic electret or a nano inorganic electret are mixed in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then the polymer slice blend modifier is obtained after condensation, air drying and granulating by a granulator.
(3) The blending modifier obtained by taking high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slices and mesoporous inorganic electret as raw materials is subjected to melt extrusion in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, traction wind stretching and cold wind shaping to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, then lapping, hot rolling and reinforcing to form a coarse fiber net.
(4) The blending modifier obtained by taking polymer slices with low intrinsic viscosity and nano inorganic electret as raw materials is subjected to melt extrusion in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, traction wind stretching and cold wind shaping to form a superfine filament material, and then lapping, hot rolling and reinforcing are carried out to form a fine fiber net.
(5) The coarse fiber web and the fine fiber web are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, and the filter material with high filtering efficiency, high strength, high dust holding capacity and mildew resistance is obtained after high-voltage electret treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material, the air permeability, the tensile strength, the longitudinal fracture strength and the mildew resistance of the filter material are improved by adding mesoporous inorganic electret agents (the particle size of adsorption particles is 2-50 nm) and nano inorganic electret agents (the particle size of adsorption particles is less than 2 nm) which are adsorbed by the particles with different particle sizes in a porous mode.
(2) According to the preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material, the fluid auxiliary agent is used for improving the winding state of the polymer, improving the lubricity among polymer molecules and improving the energy transfer among polymer chain segments, so that the purpose of improving the flowability of the polymer is achieved.
(3) The application relates to a preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material, which consists of a coarse fiber net and a superfine fiber net: the coarse fiber net has loose structure, good air permeability and high fiber strength, plays a supporting role in the filter material, and is more beneficial to the filtration of large-particle-size particles (particles with the particle size of 2-50nm can be adsorbed); the superfine fiber net has compact structure and high fluffiness, determines the filtering efficiency of the filtering material, and is beneficial to the filtering of fine particle size particles (particles with the particle size smaller than 2nm can be adsorbed). The filter material formed by the two fiber webs through needling and bonding has good filtering effect on particles with different particle diameters, and the dust holding capacity, the filtering speed and the efficiency are higher than those of the traditional filter material. In addition, the introduction of the coarse fiber web with the supporting function greatly improves the wind resistance and the compression resistance of the filter material, and the stability of the material is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing comparison of bacteriostasis rates of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3.
Detailed Description
The application is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polypropylene slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.3dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 0.9 dL/g) were dried at 105 ℃ for 3h.
(2) And (3) blending the dried high-intrinsic-viscosity polypropylene slice, a fluid additive Enox DTBP and mesoporous inorganic electret silicon dioxide (with the average particle size of 150 nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:3.5:8, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain the polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30 ℃, the air-drying time is 30min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 40 mu m, so that the high-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is finally obtained.
(3) And (3) blending the dried low-intrinsic-viscosity polypropylene slices, a fluid additive Enox DTBP and nano inorganic electret nano silver (average particle size of 50 nm) in a double-screw extruder according to a mass ratio of 100:1:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain a polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 150 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30 ℃, the air-drying time is 20min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 60 mu m, so that the low-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is finally obtained.
(4) The high-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 240 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 230 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 50Hz, the receiving distance is 6cm, the melt ejection amount is 200kg/h, the web speed is 170m/min, and the drawing wind speed is 3500m/min.
(5) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form a crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 150 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12s, the hot rolling rate is 15%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, and the solidifying time is 30min, so that the average diameter of the crude fiber is 1.67 mu m.
(6) The low-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 190 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 230 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 70Hz, the melt ejection amount is 160kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 190m/min, and the receiving distance is 13cm.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the hot rolling rate is 15%, the solidifying temperature is 25 ℃, the solidifying time is 30min, and the average diameter of the obtained superfine fiber is 0.87 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web are bonded by using a needling treatment technology (the mass ratio is 1:6), the needling density is 4000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1500 needling/min, the output speed is 8m/min, the needling depth is 12mm, and finally, the filter material with high filtration efficiency, high strength, high dust holding capacity and mildew resistance is obtained after high-voltage electret (electret voltage is 25 KV) treatment.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the filter material of the comparative example 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polypropylene slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.3dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 0.9 dL/g) were dried at 105 ℃ for 3h.
(2) Slicing the dried polypropylene with high intrinsic viscosity in an extruder, and performing melt extrusion, metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice, and hot air traction stretching to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 50Hz, the receiving distance is 6cm, the melt ejection amount is 200kg/h, the web speed is 170m/min, the drafting wind speed is 3500m/min, and the average fiber diameter is 3.18 mu m.
(3) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then hot-rolled and consolidated to form the crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the solidifying temperature is 25 ℃, and the solidifying time is 30min.
(4) Slicing the dried low-intrinsic viscosity polypropylene in an extruder, and performing melt extrusion, metering by a metering pump, melt-blowing by a spinneret orifice, and hot air traction stretching to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the temperature of a melt is 190 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 230 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.25MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 70Hz, the receiving distance is 13cm, the melt ejection amount is 160kg/h, the web speed is 190m/min, and the average diameter of fibers is 2.24 mu m.
(5) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 25 ℃, the cooling time is 25min, the hot rolling pressure is 5kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15s, the solidifying temperature is 25 ℃, and the solidifying time is 30min.
(6) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web (the mass ratio is 1:6) are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, the needling density is 4000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1500 needling/min, the output speed is 8m/min, the needling depth is 12mm, and finally the filter material of the comparative example 1 is obtained after high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 25 KV) treatment.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polybutylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.6dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 1 dL/g) were dried at 85℃for 5h.
(2) And (3) blending the dried high-intrinsic-viscosity polybutylene terephthalate slice, a fluid additive FM and mesoporous inorganic electret titanium dioxide (with the average particle size of 300 nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:0.8:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain the polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 230 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 40min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 50 mu m, so that the high-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is finally obtained.
(3) And (3) blending the dried low-intrinsic-viscosity polybutylene terephthalate slice, a fluid additive FM and nano inorganic electret nano copper in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:0.5:3, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain a polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 200 ℃, the condensation temperature is 35 ℃, the air-drying time is 30min, the granulating size of the granulator is 50 mu m, and finally the low-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is obtained.
(4) The high-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 250 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 260 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 53Hz, the receiving distance is 7cm, the melt ejection amount is 185kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 172m/min, and the drawing wind speed is 4000m/min.
(5) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form the crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 50 ℃, the cooling time is 45min, the hot-rolling pressure is 4.5kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 12s, the hot-rolling ratio is 20%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 22min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.92 mu m.
(6) The low-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn by hot air to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 200 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 260 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.2MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 68Hz, the receiving distance is 14cm, the melt ejection amount is 165kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 185m/min, and the drawing wind speed is 6000m/min.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then hot-rolled and reinforced to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot-rolling pressure is 3kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 145 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 17s, the hot-rolling ratio is 18%, the solidifying temperature is 30 ℃, the solidifying time is 15min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.01 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web are bonded by using a needling treatment technology (the mass ratio is 1:3.5), the needling density is 6000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 10mm, and finally, the filter material with high filtration efficiency, high strength, high dust holding capacity and mildew resistance is obtained after high-voltage electret (30 KV) treatment.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the filter material of the comparative example 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polybutylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.6dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 1 dL/g) were dried at 85℃for 5h.
(2) The dried polybutylene terephthalate with high intrinsic viscosity is sliced in an extruder, and then is subjected to metering by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction stretching to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the temperature of a melt is 250 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 260 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 53Hz, the receiving distance is 7cm, the melt ejection amount is 185kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 172m/min, and the stretching wind speed is 4000m/min.
(3) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form the crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 50 ℃, the cooling time is 45min, the hot-rolling pressure is 4.5kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 12s, the hot-rolling ratio is 20%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 22min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 3.47 mu m.
(4) Slicing the dried low-intrinsic viscosity polybutylene terephthalate, performing melt extrusion in an extruder, and performing metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice, and hot air traction stretching to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the temperature of a melt is 200 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 260 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.2MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 68Hz, the receiving distance is 14cm, the melt ejection amount is 165kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 185m/min, and the drafting wind speed is 6000m/min.
(5) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interwoven and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then hot-rolled and reinforced to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot-rolling pressure is 3kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 145 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 17s, the hot-rolling ratio is 18%, the solidifying temperature is 30 ℃, the solidifying time is 15min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 2.85 mu m.
(6) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web (the mass ratio is 1:3.5) are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, the needling density is 6000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 10mm, and finally the filter material of the comparative example 2 is obtained after high-voltage electret (the electret voltage is 30 KV) treatment.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material of the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polyethylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.5dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 1.2 dL/g) were dried at 115℃for 2.5h.
(2) And (3) blending the dried high-intrinsic-viscosity polyethylene terephthalate slice, a fluid auxiliary WS and mesoporous inorganic electret zinc sulfide (with the average particle size of 300 nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:4:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain the polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 220 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 35min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 50 mu m, so that the high-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is finally obtained.
(3) And (3) blending the dried low-intrinsic-viscosity polyethylene terephthalate slices, a fluid additive WS and nano inorganic electret nano zinc (average particle size of 80 nm) in a double-screw extruder according to the mass ratio of 100:4:6, extruding, condensing, air-drying and granulating by a granulator to obtain a polymer slice blending modifier, wherein the extrusion temperature is 210 ℃, the condensation temperature is 40 ℃, the air-drying time is 25min, and the granulating size of the granulator is 60 mu m, so that the low-intrinsic-viscosity blending modifier is finally obtained.
(4) The high-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 230 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 270 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 60Hz, the receiving distance is 8cm, the melt ejection amount is 180kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 174m/min, and the drawing wind speed is 4500m/min.
(5) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form the crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 20min, the hot-rolling pressure is 4kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 13s, the hot-rolling ratio is 18%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 25min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 1.86 mu m.
(6) The low-intrinsic viscosity blending modifier is melted and extruded in an extruder, and then is measured by a metering pump, melt-blown by a spinneret orifice and drawn and stretched by hot air to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the temperature of the melt is 240 ℃, the temperature of the hot air is 300 ℃, the pressure of the hot air is 0.33MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 75Hz, the receiving distance is 15cm, the melt ejection amount is 170kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 183m/min, and the drawing wind speed is 7000m/min.
(7) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 35 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot-rolling pressure is 2.5kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 125 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 22s, the hot-rolling ratio is 20%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 30min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 0.94 mu m.
(8) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web (the mass ratio is 1:4.5) are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, the needling density is 8000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 18mm, and finally, the filter material with high filtration efficiency, high strength, high dust holding capacity and mildew resistance is obtained after high-voltage electret (electret voltage 45 KV) treatment.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the filter material of the comparative example 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) Polyethylene terephthalate slices with different intrinsic viscosities (low intrinsic viscosity of 0.5dL/g, high intrinsic viscosity of 1.2 dL/g) were dried at 115℃for 2.5h.
(2) Slicing the dried high-intrinsic viscosity polyethylene terephthalate into slices, and carrying out melt extrusion in an extruder, and then carrying out metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice and hot air traction stretching to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 230 ℃, the hot air temperature is 270 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.35MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 60Hz, the receiving distance is 8cm, the melt ejection amount is 180kg/h, the web speed is 174m/min, and the stretching wind speed is 4500m/min.
(3) The crude fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form the crude fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 30 ℃, the cooling time is 20min, the hot-rolling pressure is 4kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 130 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 13s, the hot-rolling ratio is 18%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 25min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 3.22 mu m.
(4) Slicing the dried low-intrinsic viscosity polyethylene terephthalate into slices, carrying out melt extrusion in an extruder, and then carrying out metering by a metering pump, melt blowing by a spinneret orifice, and carrying out hot air traction stretching to form a material with a finer fiber structure, wherein the melt temperature is 240 ℃, the hot air temperature is 300 ℃, the hot air pressure is 0.33MPa, the rotating speed of the metering pump is 75Hz, the receiving distance is 15cm, the melt ejection amount is 170kg/h, the web speed is 183m/min, and the drafting wind speed is 7000m/min.
(5) The superfine fiber material is cooled and molded by a cooling device, and is interweaved and bonded on a winding net curtain, and then is hot-rolled and consolidated to form a fine fiber net, wherein the cooling temperature is 35 ℃, the cooling time is 18min, the hot-rolling pressure is 2.5kPa, the hot-rolling temperature is 125 ℃, the hot-rolling time is 22s, the hot-rolling ratio is 20%, the solidifying temperature is 35 ℃, the solidifying time is 30min, and the average diameter of the fiber is 2.65 mu m.
(6) The coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web (the mass ratio is 1:4.5) are bonded by using a needling treatment technology, the needling density is 8000 pieces/m, the needling frequency is 1200 needling/min, the output speed is 6m/min, the needling depth is 18mm, and finally the filter material of the comparative example 3 is obtained after high-voltage electret (electret voltage is 45 KV) treatment.
The filter materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance test, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 1 shows the longitudinal and transverse breaking strength of the examples and comparative examples
| Test index | Example 1 | Comparative example 1 | Example 2 | Comparative example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 3 |
| Longitudinal fracture Strength (N/mm) | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.63 | 0.32 | 0.52 | 0.37 |
| Transverse rupture Strength (N/mm) | 0.36 | 0.18 | 0.51 | 0.22 | 0.46 | 0.23 |
| Ratio of machine to transverse rupture strength | 1.23 | 1.5 | 1.24 | 1.45 | 1.13 | 1.61 |
Table 2 shows comparison of air filtration and bacteriostasis rate data for examples and comparative examples
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Drying polymer slices: drying the polymer slices with high intrinsic viscosity and low intrinsic viscosity;
(2) Blending and modifying high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slices: blending the dried high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice, a fluid auxiliary agent and a mesoporous inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then granulating by a condensing, air-drying and granulating machine to obtain a high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier;
(3) Blending and modifying the polymer slice with low intrinsic viscosity: blending the dried low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice, a fluid auxiliary agent and a nano inorganic electret agent in a double-screw extruder according to a certain proportion, and then granulating by a condensing, air-drying and granulating machine to obtain a low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier;
(4) Melting and extruding the high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier prepared in the step (2) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing by hot air to form a material with a coarser fiber structure, shaping by cold air, lapping, hot-rolling and reinforcing to form a coarse fiber net with a primary filtering effect;
(5) Melting and extruding the low-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice blending modifier prepared in the step (3) in an extruder, metering by a metering pump, spinning, drawing and stretching by hot air to form an ultrafine filament material, shaping by cold air, lapping, hot-rolling and reinforcing to form a fine fiber net with a high-grade filtering effect;
(6) Bonding the coarse fiber web and the superfine fiber web by using a needling treatment technology, and carrying out high-voltage electret treatment to obtain a high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material;
wherein:
the polymer slice in the step (1) is one or two of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide or polylactic acid slices;
the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice in the step (1) is 0.3-1.2dL/g, wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice with high intrinsic viscosity is 0.7-1.2dL/g, and the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer slice with low intrinsic viscosity is 0.3-0.6dL/g;
the drying temperature in the step (1) is 80-120 ℃ and the drying time is 1-5 h;
the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is one or more of a silicon dioxide-based mesoporous material, a titanium dioxide-based mesoporous material, an aluminum oxide-based mesoporous material or a zinc sulfide-based mesoporous material, and the particle size is 100-400nm;
the mass ratio of the high-intrinsic-viscosity polymer slice to the fluid auxiliary agent to the mesoporous inorganic electret in the step (2) is 100:0.5-5:5-15;
in the step (2), the double screw extrusion temperature range is 180-280 ℃, the condensation temperature is 30-50 ℃, the air drying time is 25-45 min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m;
the nanometer inorganic electret in the step (3) is one or more of nanometer silver, nanometer copper, nanometer zinc or nanometer titanium dioxide, and the grain diameter is 20-100nm;
the mass ratio of the low-intrinsic viscosity polymer slice to the fluid auxiliary agent to the nano inorganic electret in the step (3) is 100:0.5-5:3-7;
in the step (3), the double screw extrusion temperature range is 150-240 ℃, the condensation temperature is 25-45 ℃, the air drying time is 15-30min, and the grain size is 30-120 mu m;
the fluid assistants in the step (2) and the step (3) are the same and are Enox DTBP;
the material having a coarser fibrous structure as described in step (4), the fibres having a diameter of 1.5-3 μm;
the ultrafine filament material described in the step (5), wherein the fiber diameter is 0.5 to 1.2. Mu.m.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the technological parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the temperature of the melt is 230-270 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 230-270 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.25-0.5MPa, the rotating speed of a metering pump is 45-70Hz, the ejection amount of the melt is 180-220kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 150-176m/min, and the receiving distance is 5-10cm;
the draft parameters in step (4) are: the draft wind speed is 3500m/min-5000m/min;
the cold wind parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 25-50 ℃ and the cooling time is 20-45min;
the hot rolling parameters in the step (4) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 3kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 130-160 ℃, the hot rolling time is 12-15s, and the hot rolling ratio is 15% -25%;
the curing temperature in the step (4) is 35-50 ℃ and the curing time is 22-30min.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the primary filter effect of the coarse fiber web described in step (4) is capable of filtering particles having a size between 2 and 50 nm.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the technological parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the temperature of the melt is 180-240 ℃, the temperature of hot air is 230-300 ℃, the pressure of hot air is 0.2-0.4MPa, the rotating speed of a metering pump is 55-75Hz, the ejection amount of the melt is 150-200kg/h, the speed of a net belt is 180-200m/min, and the receiving distance is 12-18cm;
the draft parameters in step (5) are: the draft wind speed is 6000m/min-8000m/min;
the cold wind parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the cooling temperature is 20-40 ℃ and the cooling time is 15-25min;
the hot rolling parameters in the step (5) are as follows: the hot rolling pressure is 2.5kPa-8kPa, the hot rolling temperature is 120-160 ℃, the hot rolling time is 15-22s, and the hot rolling ratio is 15% -25%;
the curing temperature in the step (5) is 25-35 ℃ and the curing time is 15-30min.
5. The method for preparing the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fine fiber web of advanced filtration effect described in step (5) is capable of filtering particles less than 2nm in size.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength low-resistance mildew-proof filter material according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the mass ratio of the coarse fiber web to the superfine fiber web in the step (6) is 1:3.5-1:10;
the needling process parameters in the step (6) are as follows: the density of the needling is 4000-8000 needles/m, the needling frequency is 1000-1500 needles/min, the output speed is 5-10m/min, and the needling depth is 8-20mm;
the electret voltage in the step (6) is 20-50KV.
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