CN114301457A - Nuclide sampling method, nuclide sampling device, nuclide identification method and nuclide identification device - Google Patents
Nuclide sampling method, nuclide sampling device, nuclide identification method and nuclide identification device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In order to solve the technical problem of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by quantization error of an ADC in the conventional nuclide identification system, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide sampling method, a nuclide sampling apparatus, a nuclide identification method, and a nuclide identification apparatus, including: responding to different sampling clocks, controlling digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion to obtain time-staggered nuclear pulse signals; and executing a smoothing filter algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention avoids the quantization error existing in the process of acquiring single nuclear pulse signals to identify nuclides and the defect of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by the quantization error existing in the ADC of a nuclide identification system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nuclide sampling method, a nuclide sampling device, a nuclide identification method and a nuclide identification device.
Background
The nuclide identification system is a device based on digital multichannel, and is mainly used for nuclide identification and energy spectrum acquisition. At present, a common digital multichannel analyzer is composed of an ADC, an FPGA, an SOC, and other peripheral circuits, where the ADC mainly completes analog-to-digital conversion, the FPGA completes energy spectrum acquisition, and the SOC completes nuclide analysis, and finally outputs a result through an external interface. The inventor finds that the nuclide identification system has the following problems that 1, the quantization error of the pulse is caused by the ADC, and 2, because the filtering algorithm continuously filters the pulse in real time in the SOC chip, the previous quantization error causes the subsequent error accumulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by quantization errors of an ADC (analog to digital converter) in the conventional nuclide identification system, the embodiment of the invention provides a nuclide sampling method, a nuclide sampling device, a nuclide identification method and a nuclide identification device.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal sampling method, including: responding to different sampling clocks, controlling digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion to obtain time-staggered nuclear pulse signals;
and executing a smoothing filter algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
Further, the different sampling clocks are a plurality of sampling clocks having the same frequency and different phases.
Further, the number of the sampling clocks is two, and the phase difference between the two sampling clocks is 90 °.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal identification method, including: receiving a pulse signal;
executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signal with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter;
if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be reference voltage signals, receiving the reference voltage signals and correcting the reference voltage signal values of the digital-to-analog converters by using the reference voltage signals;
if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be nuclear pulse signals, executing the nuclide signal sampling method to obtain new nuclear pulse signals;
and processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal sampling apparatus, including:
the time interleaving acquisition unit is used for responding different sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and finish digital-to-analog conversion to obtain each time interleaving nuclear pulse signal; and
and the pulse generating unit is used for executing a smooth filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal identification apparatus, including:
a nuclear pulse receiving unit for receiving a pulse signal;
the nuclear pulse comparison unit is used for executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signals with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter;
the reference recovery unit is used for receiving the reference voltage signal and correcting the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter by using the reference voltage signal if the pulse signals received by each digital-to-analog converter are judged to be the reference voltage signals;
the core pulse acquisition unit is used for responding to different sampling clocks if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be core pulse signals, controlling the digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same core pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion, and obtaining all the core pulse signals with staggered time;
the kernel pulse processing unit is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered kernel pulse signals into a new kernel pulse signal; and
and the energy spectrum generation and nuclide identification unit is used for processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal identification apparatus, including:
the clock module is used for generating a plurality of sampling clocks with the same frequency and different phases so that the time interleaving module collects a nuclear pulse signal and a reference voltage signal;
the time interleaving acquisition module is used for identifying whether the pulse signal is a nuclear pulse signal or not, controlling each digital-to-analog converter to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal or a reference voltage signal under the drive of a sampling clock and completing digital-to-analog conversion;
the power supply reference generation module is used for generating low ripple reference voltage so that the time interleaving acquisition module takes the low ripple reference voltage as reference voltage for identifying the nuclear pulse signal; and
and the core SOC chip module is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize each nuclear pulse signal obtained by the time staggered acquisition module into a new nuclear pulse signal so as to generate energy spectrum data and complete nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
Further, the nuclide signal sampling apparatus further includes:
the preposed multistage amplification module is used for amplifying the pulse signal; and
and the pulse power distribution module is used for distributing the amplified pulse signals to the time staggered acquisition module in an average manner.
Furthermore, the time-interleaved acquisition module comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion chips with the same frequency and different phases.
Further, the power reference generation module comprises a low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit; the input voltage of the low ripple baseline recovery reference circuit is 5V; the low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit is used for generating a low ripple reference voltage of 3.3V.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the nuclide sampling method, the nuclide sampling device, the nuclide identification method and the nuclide identification device, which are disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, through responding to different sampling clocks, the digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks are controlled to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion, so that time-staggered nuclear pulse signals are obtained; and executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal, thereby avoiding the quantization error existing in acquiring a single nuclear pulse signal for nuclide identification, and avoiding the defect of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by the quantization error existing in an ADC (analog to digital converter) of a nuclide identification system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first method for sampling a nuclear species.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclide signal sampling apparatus corresponding to the first nuclide sampling method.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a second nuclide sampling method.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a nuclide signal sampling apparatus corresponding to the second nuclide sampling method.
Fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a nuclide signal identification device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit.
Fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of another nuclide signal identification device.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a signal processing flow of another nuclide signal identification device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
In order to solve the technical problem of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by quantization errors of an ADC (analog to digital converter) in the conventional nuclide identification system, the embodiment of the invention provides a nuclide sampling method, a nuclide sampling device, a nuclide identification method and a nuclide identification device.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal sampling method, which is shown in fig. 1 and includes:
s10, responding to different sampling clocks, controlling digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion to obtain all nuclear pulse signals with staggered time;
the execution subject of the sampling method is a server or a client. S10, controlling different digital-to-analog converters to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion by responding to different sampling clocks, so that nuclear pulse signals of the same nuclear pulse signal and after digital-to-analog conversion of different sampling clocks are obtained;
and S20, executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
And processing the nuclear pulse signals converted by the digital-to-analog converters through a smoothing filtering algorithm, and synthesizing the nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal, wherein the new nuclear pulse signal is used for generating energy spectrum data in the nuclide identification process.
Therefore, the nuclide signal sampling method provided by the embodiment of the invention avoids the quantization error existing in the nuclide identification by collecting a single nuclear pulse signal, thereby avoiding the defect of subsequent processing error accumulation caused by the quantization error existing in the ADC of the nuclide identification system.
Optionally, the different sampling clocks are a plurality of sampling clocks having the same frequency and different phases.
Optionally, the number of the sampling clocks is two, and the phase difference between the two sampling clocks is 90 °.
Because the phase difference of the two sampling clocks is 90 degrees, the sampling points are greatly increased, and the quantization error caused by the ADC is effectively reduced.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal sampling apparatus to implement the method of fig. 1, which is shown in fig. 2 and includes:
the time interleaving acquisition unit is used for responding different sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and finish digital-to-analog conversion to obtain each time interleaving nuclear pulse signal; and
and the pulse generating unit is used for executing a smooth filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
The working principle of the sampling device is similar to that of the method in fig. 1, and the description is omitted.
In a third aspect, in order to enable an execution subject to automatically recognize a nuclear pulse signal and automatically calibrate a reference voltage signal, and reduce quantization errors existing in an ADC, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal recognition method, which is shown in fig. 3 and includes:
s1, receiving a pulse signal;
the received pulse signal can be a nuclear pulse signal or a reference voltage signal;
s2, executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signals with the reference voltage signal values of the digital-to-analog converters;
comparing the received pulse signal with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter through a pulse comparison algorithm, and judging whether the received pulse signal is a nuclear pulse signal or a reference voltage signal according to a comparison result;
s3, if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be reference voltage signals, receiving the reference voltage signals and correcting the reference voltage signal values of the digital-to-analog converters by using the reference voltage signals;
if the received pulse signal is determined to be the reference voltage signal, the execution body corrects the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter according to the received reference voltage signal, and baseline drift caused by the pulse itself is reduced.
If the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be nuclear pulse signals, executing the nuclide signal sampling method to obtain new nuclear pulse signals;
if the received pulse signal is determined to be a nuclear pulse signal, the steps of S10 and S20 are performed to obtain a new nuclear pulse signal.
And S4, processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and complete nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
If a new nuclear pulse signal is obtained in step S3, the new nuclear pulse signal is processed to obtain energy spectrum data and the identification of nuclides is completed according to the energy spectrum data.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal identification apparatus to implement the method of fig. 3, which is shown in fig. 4 and includes:
a nuclear pulse receiving unit for receiving a pulse signal;
the nuclear pulse comparison unit is used for executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signals with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter;
the reference recovery unit is used for receiving the reference voltage signal and correcting the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter by using the reference voltage signal if the pulse signals received by each digital-to-analog converter are judged to be the reference voltage signals;
the core pulse acquisition unit is used for responding to different sampling clocks if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be core pulse signals, controlling the digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same core pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion, and obtaining all the core pulse signals with staggered time;
the kernel pulse processing unit is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered kernel pulse signals into a new kernel pulse signal; and
and the energy spectrum generation and nuclide identification unit is used for processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
The working principle of the sampling device is similar to that of the method in fig. 3, and the description is omitted.
In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a nuclide signal identification apparatus, as shown in fig. 5, including:
the clock module is used for generating a plurality of sampling clocks with the same frequency and different phases so that the time interleaving module collects a nuclear pulse signal and a reference voltage signal;
the time interleaving acquisition module is used for identifying whether the pulse signal is a nuclear pulse signal or not, controlling each digital-to-analog converter to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal or a reference voltage signal under the drive of a sampling clock and completing digital-to-analog conversion;
the time interleaving acquisition module comprises at least two groups of clock-driven ADCs with the same rate and different phases. The working principle is as follows: under the drive of a clock, at least two groups of ADCs simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal to complete analog-to-digital conversion, and the quantization error caused by the ADCs is reduced.
The power supply reference generation module is used for generating low ripple reference voltage so that the time interleaving acquisition module takes the low ripple reference voltage as reference voltage for identifying the nuclear pulse signal;
the power supply reference module generates a low ripple reference voltage which is always at 3.3V and provides the low ripple reference voltage to the time interleaving acquisition module as a reference voltage signal;
and
the core SOC chip module is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize each nuclear pulse signal obtained by the time staggered acquisition module into a new nuclear pulse signal so as to generate energy spectrum data and complete nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data;
the SOC chip module is a core device and mainly used for finishing the generation of an energy spectrum, finishing the identification of nuclides according to energy spectrum data and finishing the analysis and generation of a related communication protocol.
Further, the nuclide signal sampling apparatus further includes:
the preposed multistage amplification module is used for amplifying the pulse signal;
the pre-amplification module consists of two stages of amplification circuits, wherein the first stage of amplification circuit completes rectification processing on the pulse signal, and then the second stage of amplification circuit completes amplification on the pulse signal, so that the pulse signal has enough energy to be distributed to different ADCs.
And
and the pulse power distribution module is used for distributing the amplified pulse signals to the time staggered acquisition module in an average manner.
The pulse power distribution module is used for distributing the pulse signals output by the pulse amplification module to the time-interleaved acquisition module in an average manner.
The nuclide signal sampling apparatus further includes: and a power supply module. The power module mainly works to generate the voltage required by the normal work of the chip module and is matched with the high-voltage power module to generate the high voltage for the normal work of the detector.
Furthermore, the time-interleaved acquisition module comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion chips with the same frequency and different phases.
Further, the power reference generation module comprises a low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit; the input voltage of the low ripple baseline recovery reference circuit is 5V; the low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit is used for generating a low ripple reference voltage of 3.3V.
Alternatively, a low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit is shown in fig. 6. In the reference circuit, after 5v of input power firstly passes through U1, a reference voltage of 3.3v is generated, wherein C1 is an input protection capacitor, and the input power is prevented from being suddenly increased to cause damage to U1; the reference power output by the U1 is input into the U2, the U2 further reduces the ripple of the reference power, wherein the main functions of the C2 and the C3 are to protect the U2 chip, and finally the low-ripple reference power output by the voltage stabilizing chip U2 is input into the time interleaving acquisition module to provide a hard baseline reference voltage for the ADC.
A nuclide signal identification device having a power module and a communication module is shown with reference to fig. 7. The signal processing procedure is shown in fig. 8. Performing pulse identification through a pulse comparison algorithm, if the pulse is monitored to be a nuclear pulse signal, acquiring and completing each nuclear pulse signal obtained by analog-to-digital conversion through a time staggered acquisition module, processing by adopting a smooth filtering algorithm, and performing amplitude extraction and correction on each nuclear pulse signal, wherein optionally, the smooth filtering algorithm is a trapezoidal filtering algorithm; if the pulse is monitored to be a reference voltage signal, performing baseline restoration according to the reference voltage signal to prevent baseline drift and performing amplitude extraction and correction; the nuclear pulse signal and the reference voltage signal are subjected to amplitude extraction and correction to be synthesized into a new nuclear pulse signal; and then generating energy spectrum data by using the new nuclear pulse signal, completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data, and finally storing the result of the nuclide identification to complete the nuclide identification process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of sampling a nuclear species signal, comprising:
responding to different sampling clocks, controlling digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion to obtain time-staggered nuclear pulse signals;
and executing a smoothing filter algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
2. A method of sampling a nuclear species signal as defined in claim 1, wherein the different sampling clocks are a plurality of sampling clocks having the same frequency and different phases.
3. A nuclear species signal sampling method as defined in claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the sampling clocks is two, and the phase difference between the two sampling clocks is 90 °.
4. A nuclide signal identification method, comprising:
receiving a pulse signal;
executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signal with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter;
if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be reference voltage signals, receiving the reference voltage signals and correcting the reference voltage signal values of the digital-to-analog converters by using the reference voltage signals;
if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be nuclear pulse signals, executing the nuclide signal sampling method of any one of claims 1 to 3 to obtain new nuclear pulse signals;
and processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
5. A nuclide signal sampling apparatus, comprising:
the time interleaving acquisition unit is used for responding different sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal and finish digital-to-analog conversion to obtain each time interleaving nuclear pulse signal; and
and the pulse generating unit is used for executing a smooth filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered nuclear pulse signals into a new nuclear pulse signal.
6. A nuclide signal identification device, comprising:
a nuclear pulse receiving unit for receiving a pulse signal;
the nuclear pulse comparison unit is used for executing a pulse comparison algorithm to compare the received pulse signals with the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter;
the reference recovery unit is used for receiving the reference voltage signal and correcting the reference voltage signal value of each digital-to-analog converter by using the reference voltage signal if the pulse signals received by each digital-to-analog converter are judged to be the reference voltage signals;
the core pulse acquisition unit is used for responding to different sampling clocks if the pulse signals received by the digital-to-analog converters are judged to be core pulse signals, controlling the digital-to-analog converters corresponding to the sampling clocks to simultaneously acquire the same core pulse signal and complete digital-to-analog conversion, and obtaining all the core pulse signals with staggered time;
the kernel pulse processing unit is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize the time-staggered kernel pulse signals into a new kernel pulse signal; and
and the energy spectrum generation and nuclide identification unit is used for processing the new nuclear pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum data and completing nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
7. A nuclide signal identification device, comprising:
the clock module is used for generating a plurality of sampling clocks with the same frequency and different phases so that the time interleaving module collects a nuclear pulse signal and a reference voltage signal;
the time interleaving acquisition module is used for identifying whether the pulse signal is a nuclear pulse signal or not, controlling each digital-to-analog converter to simultaneously acquire the same nuclear pulse signal or a reference voltage signal under the drive of a sampling clock and completing digital-to-analog conversion;
the power supply reference generation module is used for generating low ripple reference voltage so that the time interleaving acquisition module takes the low ripple reference voltage as reference voltage for identifying the nuclear pulse signal; and
and the core SOC chip module is used for executing a smoothing filtering algorithm to synthesize each nuclear pulse signal obtained by the time staggered acquisition module into a new nuclear pulse signal so as to generate energy spectrum data and complete nuclide identification according to the energy spectrum data.
8. The nuclide signal identification arrangement as in claim 7, further comprising:
the preposed multistage amplification module is used for amplifying the pulse signal; and
and the pulse power distribution module is used for distributing the amplified pulse signals to the time staggered acquisition module in an average manner.
9. A nuclide signal sampling arrangement as in claim 7 wherein the time interleaved acquisition module comprises a plurality of analog-to-digital conversion chips of the same frequency but different phases.
10. A nuclide signal identification arrangement as claimed in claim 7 or 8 wherein the power supply reference generation module comprises a low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit; the input voltage of the low ripple baseline recovery reference circuit is 5V; the low ripple baseline restoration reference circuit is used for generating a low ripple reference voltage of 3.3V.
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