CN114300853B - Wideband high-gain antenna array based on super-structured surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wideband high-gain antenna array based on an ultra-structured surface, which comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein the top of the upper medium plate is provided with a metal patch ultra-structured surface array formed by 2X 2 subarrays, each subarray is provided with 16 metal patches, the 16 metal patches are distributed in a 4X 4 diagonal manner in the upper subarray, the top of the lower medium plate is provided with a metal floor, 4 strip-shaped slits with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, the 4 slits are symmetrically placed in the same phase, the slits are positioned under the ultra-structured surface subarray, the bottom of the lower medium plate is provided with a microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network, and the feeder line terminal of the microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA connector of 50 omega. The gain of the existing slot antenna is improved, and the working bandwidth is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slot antennas, and relates to a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface.
Background
Planar antennas have found wide use in the last decades due to their attractive appearance, ease of integration, and the like. However, they always have the problem of low gain. Previous studies have proposed many methods to increase the gain of patch antennas. The most common approach is to increase the dielectric plate thickness while increasing the planar antenna profile. In addition to the low order modes, researchers are also focusing on the high order modes, which tend to have high gain. Slits are introduced at appropriate locations of the patch to suppress side lobes thereof. An ultra-layer or dielectric layer with a specific dielectric constant also helps to achieve high gain.
In recent years, metamaterial-based antennas have been widely used to obtain high directivity. Compared with a three-dimensional (3D) super-structure material, the two-dimensional super-structure surface formed by the electric small surface scatterers has the advantages of compact structure, low loss, convenience in preparation and the like. Thus, super-structured surfaces have had more popularity and increased attention over the last few years. Many researchers have proposed various types of super-structured surfaces to enhance the performance of antenna systems, such as transmissive lens antennas for phase gradient super-structured surfaces, super-structured surfaces that focus propagating plane waves. Ultra-wideband polarization conversion super-structured surfaces, which can also achieve high gain, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wideband high-gain antenna array based on an ultra-structured surface, which improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth.
The technical scheme includes that the wideband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein a metal patch super-structure surface array formed by 2X 2 subarrays is arranged at the top of the upper medium plate, 16 metal patches are arranged on each subarray, the 16 metal patches are distributed in a 4X 4 diagonal mode in the upper subarray, a metal floor is arranged at the top of the lower medium plate, 4 strip-shaped slots with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, the 4 slots are symmetrically placed in an in-phase mode, the slots are located under the subarrays of the super-structure surface, a microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is arranged at the bottom of the lower medium plate, and a feeder terminal of the microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA connector of 50 omega.
The invention is also characterized in that:
Two short branches are symmetrically loaded near the radiation zero point of the gap.
The 16 metal patches are distributed in a diagonal mode, and the axial distances are the same.
The 4 super-structure surface subarrays are symmetrically placed in phase.
The 4 feed ports are placed in phase and the adjacent ports are identical in amplitude.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth based on the wideband high-gain antenna array with the super-structured surface. The multi-mode resonance theory is introduced, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal mode, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. The 4 subarrays are symmetrically distributed to form a 2 multiplied by 2 array, so that the gain is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a subarray in a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface;
FIG. 2 is a plot of S-parameter versus frequency for a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of gain versus frequency for a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing gain pattern versus frequency at 5GHz for a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the surface current distribution at 5GHz in a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulated measured plot of S-parameter versus frequency for a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulated plot of gain versus frequency for a wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulated measured plot of the E-plane pattern at 5GHz in a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a simulated measured plot of H-plane pattern versus frequency at 5GHz in a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein the top of the upper medium plate is provided with a metal patch super-structured surface array formed by 2X 2 subarrays, each subarray is provided with 16 metal patches, the 16 metal patches are distributed in a 4X 4 diagonal manner in the upper subarray, the top of the lower medium plate is provided with a metal floor, 4 strip-shaped slits with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, the 4 slits are symmetrically placed in an in-phase manner, the slits are positioned under the super-structured surface subarray, the bottom of the lower medium plate is provided with a microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network, and the feeder terminal of the microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA connector of 50 omega. Two short branches are symmetrically loaded near the radiation zero point of the gap. An extra radiation mode is introduced, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively widened. The 16 metal patches are distributed in a diagonal mode, and the axial distances are the same. The 4 super-structure surface subarrays are symmetrically placed in phase. The 4 feed ports are placed in phase and the adjacent ports are identical in amplitude. The broadband power divider network is composed of a matching line and 3T-shaped power dividers.
The invention relates to a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structure surface, which consists of two layers of dielectric plates and three layers of metal surfaces, wherein 16 diagonally-distributed metal patch units are arranged at the top of an upper layer of dielectric plate, and 8 units positioned in a three-quadrant are rotated by 180 degrees to form novel super-structure surface unit distribution. The top of the lower layer dielectric plate is provided with a metal floor, the center of the metal floor is etched with a strip-shaped gap with symmetrical branches, the bottom of the lower layer dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip feeder, and the terminal of the feeder is connected with a SMA connector with the size of 50 omega. The antenna is fed by the multimode slot antenna, two short branches and symmetry are added near the radiation zero point of the slot, an additional radiation mode is introduced, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively widened.
The invention is based on the ultra-structured surface broadband high-gain antenna array, the dielectric plates adopt two Rogers 4003C dielectric plates with dielectric constants of 3.38, the thicknesses are H 1 and H 2 respectively, the diagonally distributed metal patch units with the dielectric plate sizes L 1×L1 and 16 are positioned on the top surface of the upper dielectric plate, the metal floor is positioned on the top surface of the lower dielectric plate, and no gap exists between the two dielectric plates. The center of the metal floor is etched with a strip-shaped gap with symmetrical branches, and the bottom of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip feeder. The wideband circularly polarized substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity antenna based on the super-structured surface wideband high-gain antenna array adopts lateral feed, and has 1 feed port, and the terminal of the feed line is connected with a 50Ω SMA connector.
The invention is based on the wideband high-gain antenna array of the super-structure surface, and the traditional slot coupling radiation antenna has the defects that the most prominent performance is the problems of narrow working bandwidth, large backward radiation and low gain. Secondly, the super-structure surface is loaded on the top of the radiation antenna, and meanwhile, the rotation direction of the super-structure part unit is changed, so that the gain performance is further improved.
The variation curve of the S parameter of the antenna subarray along with the frequency is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the working bandwidth is obviously improved and the simulated impedance bandwidth is 1.7GHz (4.3-6 GHz) due to the adoption of the multimode resonance technology by the radiation slots. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the antenna subarrays have a stable gain over the entire operating band, with a gain float of 2dBi. Meeting the requirement of 3dB gain bandwidth. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the antenna subarray maintains a lower side lobe while increasing the gain, and the backward radiation is controllable. To further illustrate the principle of enhancing antenna gain by improving the super-structured surface. Fig. 5 shows the superconstituent unit surface current distribution. Since the 4 x 4 cells are identical, the directions of the currents in the same phase are substantially identical, and then the directions of the currents in the 8 cells in the three quadrants are rotated 180 degrees, the directions of the currents in the cells in the two four quadrants are unchanged, and the directions of the currents in the three quadrants are changed along with the rotation of the cells, as can be seen from fig. 5, the obvious change of the directions of the currents, the superposition of the currents causes the increase of the current intensity, thereby causing the enhancement of the radiation energy and finally the improvement of the gain.
The structure diagram of the broadband high-gain antenna array is shown in fig. 6, the antenna array is still composed of two layers of dielectric plates and three layers of metal surfaces, the antenna array has a similar structure with the array element spacing of M, the array elements are relatively similar in spacing in order to reduce the size, meanwhile, the SIW resonant cavity can effectively inhibit energy leakage, the coupling between adjacent array elements is smaller, and the former work of a plurality of scholars proves that the M can be as small as possible, so that the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the ultra-structured surface further realizes the miniaturization of the antenna. The blue part is a feed network structure, and in order to reduce the design difficulty and improve the usability, the feed network of the array consists of traditional 1-part 4-constant-amplitude in-phase power splitters.
Fig. 7 shows a simulation actual measurement diagram of the variation of the S parameter with frequency, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the simulation operation bandwidths of the antennas are respectively 2.15GHz (3.95-6.1 GHz), and the actual measurement bandwidths are 2.1GHz (4-6.1 GHz). The difference between the simulation result and the actual measurement result is mainly caused by machining errors and weld quality. Fig. 8 shows a simulation actual measurement diagram of gain variation along with frequency, and it can be seen that the gain is improved by about 3dB compared with the subarray due to the influence of the array, which accords with the basic theory of the array antenna, and it is explained that the wideband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface does not have grating lobes to influence the performance of the array throughout the day. Meanwhile, the gain variation range of the high-gain array in the working frequency band is 10.4-14.2dBi, the gain is 0.9dBi from the floating range in the range of 3.95-5.75GHz, the variation trend of the simulation gain curve is basically similar to that of the subarray, and the correctness of the wideband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface is further verified. The matching degree of the simulation and the actual measurement gain is good, and the stability is high. Fig. 9 and 10 show simulated and measured directional diagram curves of the E-plane and the H-plane of the high gain antenna array when operating at 5GHz, respectively, and it can be seen that the similarity between the simulation and the measurement is high, and especially the matching degree of the main lobe is good, and the difference is mainly caused by the influence of the test environment and the processing error.
The invention discloses a wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface, which comprises two layers of dielectric plates and three layers of metal surfaces, wherein the top of the upper layer of dielectric plate is provided with a metal patch super-structured surface array formed by 2X 2 subarrays, each subarray is provided with 16 diagonally-distributed metal patch units which are distributed in 4X 4, the top of the lower layer of dielectric plate is provided with a metal floor, 4 etched strip-shaped gaps with symmetrical branches are arranged in the center of the metal floor, 4 gaps are symmetrically arranged in an in-phase manner, each gap is positioned under the subarray of the super-structured surface, the bottom of the lower layer of dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip feed power division phase shifting network, and a feeder terminal is connected with an SMA connector with 50 omega. The wideband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface improves the gain of the traditional slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth. The multi-mode resonance theory is introduced, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal mode, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. The 4 subarrays are symmetrically distributed to form a2 multiplied by 2 array, so that the gain is further improved.
The invention improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth based on the wideband high-gain antenna array with the super-structured surface. In multimode resonance theory, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal mode, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. The 4 subarrays are symmetrically distributed to form a2 multiplied by 2 array, so that the gain is further improved.
Claims (1)
1. The wideband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface is characterized by comprising an upper dielectric plate and a lower dielectric plate, wherein the top of the upper dielectric plate is provided with a metal patch super-structured surface array formed by 2X 2 subarrays, each subarray is provided with 16 corner-cut metal patches, the 16 corner-cut metal patches are distributed in the subarray in a 4X 4 diagonal manner, the axial distances are the same, each subarray is divided into four areas, two corners of each metal patch in the 4 corner-cut metal patches in the upper left area are positioned at the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the patch, two corners of each metal patch in the 4 corner-cut metal patches in the lower left area are positioned at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the patch, two corners of each metal patch in the 4 corner-cut metal patches in the upper right area are positioned at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of the patch, and two corners of each metal patch in the 4 corner-cut metal patches in the lower right area are positioned at the lower left corner and the upper right corner of the patch; the top of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a metal floor, 4 strip-shaped slits with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, 4 slits are placed in-phase and symmetrical, each slit is positioned under a super-structure surface subarray, the bottom of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network, the microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network consists of 1 minute 4 equal-amplitude in-phase power dividers, and a feeder terminal of the microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with a 50 omega SMA connector; the 4 super-structured surface subarrays are symmetrically placed in phase; the 4 feed ports are placed in phase, and the amplitudes of adjacent ports are the same; two short branches are symmetrically loaded near the radiation zero point of the gap; each sub-array has a SIW cavity.
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