CN114300853A - Broadband high-gain antenna array based on super-structure surface - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband high-gain antenna array based on an ultra-structure surface, which comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein the top of the upper medium plate is provided with a metal patch ultra-structure surface array consisting of 2 x 2 sub-arrays, each sub-array is provided with 16 metal patches, the 16 metal patches are distributed in the upper sub-array in a 4 x 4 diagonal manner, the top of the lower medium plate is provided with a metal floor, the center of the metal floor is etched with 4 strip-shaped gaps with symmetrical branches, the 4 gaps are symmetrically arranged in phase, the gaps are positioned under the sub-arrays on the ultra-structure surface, the bottom of the lower medium plate is provided with a micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network, and the feed line terminal of the micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA joint of 50 omega. The gain of the existing slot antenna is improved, and the working bandwidth is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of slot antennas, and relates to a broadband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structure surface.
Background
In the past decades, planar antennas have been widely used due to their advantages of good appearance, easy integration, etc. However, they always have the problem of low gain. Many methods have been proposed to improve the gain of patch antennas. The most common approach is to increase the dielectric plate thickness while increasing the planar antenna profile. Researchers are also concerned with higher order modes, in addition to lower order modes, which tend to have high gain. Slits are introduced at appropriate positions of the patch to suppress side lobes thereof. A super layer or dielectric layer having a specific dielectric constant also contributes to obtaining a high gain.
In recent years, metamaterial-based antennas have been widely used to obtain high directivity. Compared with a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial, the two-dimensional metamaterial surface consisting of the small electric surface scatterers has the advantages of compact structure, low loss, convenience in preparation and the like. Consequently, the surface of the superstructure has become more prevalent and of increasing interest over the past few years. Various types of metamaterial surfaces have been proposed by many researchers to improve the performance of antenna systems, such as transmission lens antennas with phase gradient metamaterial surfaces, and metamaterial surfaces that focus propagating plane waves. Ultra-wideband polarization-switched metamorphic surfaces, which also achieve high gain, etc.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structure surface, which improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the ultra-structure surface comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein the top of the upper medium plate is provided with a metal patch ultra-structure surface array consisting of 2 multiplied by 2 sub-arrays, each sub-array is provided with 16 metal patches, the 16 metal patches are distributed in 4 multiplied by 4 diagonal angles in the upper sub-array, the top of the lower medium plate is provided with a metal floor, the center of the metal floor is etched with 4 strip-shaped gaps with symmetrical branches, the 4 gaps are symmetrically arranged in phase, the gaps are positioned under the sub-arrays on the ultra-structure surface, the bottom of the lower medium plate is provided with a micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network, and a feed line terminal of the micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with a 50 omega SMA joint.
The invention is also characterized in that:
two short branches are symmetrically loaded near the radiation zero point of the gap.
The 16 metal patches are distributed in a diagonal mode, and the axial distances are the same.
The 4 metamaterial surface sub-arrays are symmetrically arranged in phase.
The 4 feed ports are placed in phase and the adjacent ports have the same amplitude.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth. The multimode resonance theory is introduced, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, the 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal mode, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. 4 sub-arrays are symmetrically distributed to form a 2 x 2 array, and the gain is further improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a sub-array in a broadband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a curve of S parameter variation with frequency in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of gain versus frequency for the wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of gain pattern versus frequency at 5GHz for the wideband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a surface current distribution at 5GHz in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface according to the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a broadband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simulated actual measurement curve of the variation of S parameter with frequency in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a simulated actual measurement curve of the variation of gain with frequency in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the surface of the super-structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulated actual measurement curve of the E-plane directional pattern at 5GHz in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the surface of the super-structure of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a simulated actual measurement curve of the H-plane directional pattern varying with frequency at 5GHz in the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a broadband high-gain antenna array based on an ultra-structure surface, which comprises an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein a metal patch ultra-structure surface array consisting of 2 multiplied by 2 sub-arrays is arranged at the top of the upper medium plate, 16 metal patches are arranged on each sub-array, the 16 metal patches are distributed in the upper sub-array in a 4 multiplied by 4 diagonal direction, a metal floor is arranged at the top of the lower medium plate, 4 long strip-shaped gaps with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, the 4 gaps are symmetrically arranged in phase, the gaps are positioned under the sub-arrays on the ultra-structure surface, a micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network is arranged at the bottom of the lower medium plate, and a feed line terminal of the micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA (shape memory alloy) joint of 50 ohms. Two short branches are symmetrically loaded near the radiation zero point of the gap. An additional radiation mode is introduced, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively widened. The 16 metal patches are distributed in a diagonal mode, and the axial distances are the same. The 4 metamaterial surface sub-arrays are symmetrically arranged in phase. The 4 feed ports are placed in phase and the adjacent ports have the same amplitude. The broadband power distribution network is composed of a matched line and 3T-shaped power dividers.
The invention relates to a broadband high-gain antenna array based on a super-structure surface, which consists of two layers of dielectric slabs and three layers of metal surfaces, wherein 16 metal patch units distributed diagonally are placed on the top of the upper layer of dielectric slab, and 8 units positioned in one quadrant and three quadrants are rotated by 180 degrees to form novel super-structure surface unit distribution. The top of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a metal floor, the center of the metal floor is etched with a long strip-shaped gap with symmetrical branches, the bottom of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a micro-strip feeder line, and the terminal of the feeder line is connected with a 50 omega SMA connector. The antenna is fed by the multimode slot antenna, two short branch sections are symmetrically added near the radiation zero point of the slot, an additional radiation mode is introduced, and the working bandwidth of the antenna is effectively widened.
The broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface adopts two Rogers 4003C dielectric plates with the dielectric constant of 3.38 and the thicknesses of the two Rogers 4003C dielectric plates are respectively H1And H2Dimension L of dielectric sheet1×L1And 16 diagonally distributed metal patch units are positioned on the top surface of the upper-layer dielectric slab, the metal floor is positioned on the top surface of the lower-layer dielectric slab, and no gap exists between the two layers of dielectric slabs. The center of the metal floor is etched with a long strip-shaped gap with symmetrical branches, and the bottom of the lower dielectric plate is provided with a micro-strip feeder line. The broadband circular polarization substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity antenna based on the broadband high-gain antenna array with the super-structure surface adopts lateral feeding, 1 feeding port is provided in total, and a feeder terminal is connected with a 50 omega SMA joint.
The broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface has the defects of narrow working bandwidth, large backward radiation and low gain in the traditional slot coupling radiation antenna, and introduces a multimode resonance theory in a feed part to widen the bandwidth of the antenna. Secondly, a super-structure surface is loaded on the top of the radiation antenna, and the turning direction of the super-structure part unit is changed, so that the gain performance is further improved.
Fig. 2 shows a curve of the variation of the S parameter of the antenna subarray with frequency, which shows that the working bandwidth is significantly improved due to the multi-mode resonance technique adopted in the radiation slot, and the simulated impedance bandwidth is 1.7GHz (4.3-6 GHz). It can be seen from fig. 3 that the antenna subarrays have stable gain and a floating gain of 2dBi over the entire operating frequency band. The requirement of 3dB gain bandwidth is met. It can be seen from fig. 4 that the antenna subarray maintains a low side lobe while increasing the gain, and the backward radiation is controllable. To further illustrate the principle of increasing the antenna gain by modifying the metamaterial surface. FIG. 5 shows a surface current distribution diagram of a super-structure unit. Since the direction of the current is substantially the same in the same phase because the 4 × 4 cells are completely the same, the 8 cells in one quadrant are rotated by 180 °, the direction of the current in the two quadrant is unchanged, and the direction of the current in the one quadrant is changed with the rotation of the cell, as can be seen from fig. 5, the direction of the current is obviously changed, and the superposition of the currents causes the intensity of the current to increase, which leads to the enhancement of the radiation energy and finally the gain.
The structure diagram of the broadband high-gain antenna array is shown in fig. 6, the antenna array still comprises two layers of dielectric plates and three layers of metal surfaces, the structure is similar to that of the unit, the distance between the array elements is M, the distances between the array elements are close to each other in order to reduce the size, meanwhile, just because the SIW resonant cavity can effectively inhibit energy leakage, the coupling between the adjacent array elements is small, and the M can be as small as possible as proved by previous work of many scholars, so that the miniaturization of the antenna is further realized based on the broadband high-gain antenna array with the super-structure surface. The blue part is a feed network structure, and in order to reduce the design difficulty and improve the usability, the feed network of the array consists of a traditional 1-to-4 constant-amplitude in-phase power divider.
Fig. 7 shows a simulation test diagram of the variation of the S parameter with the frequency, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the simulated operating bandwidths of the antennas are respectively 2.15GHz (3.95-6.1GHz), and the measured bandwidths are 2.1GHz (4-6.1 GHz). The difference between the simulation result and the actual measurement result is mainly caused by machining errors and the quality of the welding seam. Fig. 8 is a simulation actual diagram of the gain varying with the frequency, and it can be seen that the gain is improved by about 3dB due to the influence of the array, the antenna array contrast and the subarray, which conforms to the basic theory of the array antenna, and it is demonstrated that the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structured surface does not have grating lobes to affect the performance of the array throughout the day. Meanwhile, the gain variation range of the high-gain array in the working frequency band is 10.4-14.2dBi, the gain is within the range of 0.9dBi from the floating range in the range of 3.95-5.75GHz, the variation trend of the simulation gain curve is basically similar to that of the sub-array, and the correctness of the broadband high-gain antenna array based on the ultra-structure surface is further verified. The goodness of fit of the simulated and actually measured gains is better, and the stability is higher. Fig. 9 and 10 show simulated and actually measured directional diagram curves of the E-plane and the H-plane of the high-gain antenna array operating at 5GHz, respectively, and it can be seen that the simulated and actually measured similarity is high, particularly the goodness of fit of the main lobe is good, and the difference mainly comes from the influence of the test environment and the processing error.
The invention relates to a broadband high-gain antenna array based on an ultra-structure surface, which comprises two layers of medium plates and three layers of metal surfaces, wherein a metal patch ultra-structure surface array consisting of 2 multiplied by 2 sub-arrays is placed on the top of the upper layer of medium plate, each sub-array is provided with 16 metal patch units distributed diagonally and distributed in a 4 multiplied by 4 mode, a metal floor is arranged on the top of the lower layer of medium plate, 4 elongated slots with symmetrical branches are etched in the center of the metal floor, the 4 slots are symmetrically placed in the same phase, each slot is positioned right below the sub-array on the ultra-structure surface, a microstrip feed power division phase-shifting network is arranged at the bottom of the lower layer of medium plate, and a feed line terminal is connected with a 50 omega SMA joint. The broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface improves the gain of the traditional slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth. The multimode resonance theory is introduced, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, the 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal mode, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. 4 sub-arrays are symmetrically distributed to form a 2 x 2 array, and the gain is further improved.
The broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface improves the gain of the existing slot antenna and widens the working bandwidth. And (3) according to a multimode resonance theory, the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, the super-structure surface is positioned at the top of the radiation antenna, 16 metal units are distributed in a diagonal manner, the axial distances are the same, and the gain is further improved. 4 sub-arrays are symmetrically distributed to form a 2 x 2 array, and the gain is further improved.
Claims (5)
1. The broadband high-gain antenna array based on the super-structure surface is characterized by comprising an upper medium plate and a lower medium plate, wherein the top of the upper medium plate is provided with a metal patch super-structure surface array consisting of 2 x 2 sub-arrays, each sub-array is provided with 16 metal patches, 16 metal patches are distributed in the upper sub-array in a 4 x 4 diagonal manner, the top of the lower medium plate is provided with a metal floor, the center of the metal floor is etched with 4 strip-shaped gaps with symmetrical branches, the 4 gaps are symmetrically arranged in the same phase, the gaps are positioned under the sub-array on the super-structure surface, the bottom of the lower medium plate is provided with a micro-strip feed power division phase-shifting network, and a feed line terminal of the micro-strip power division phase-shifting network is connected with an SMA (shape memory alloy) joint of 50 omega.
2. The wideband high-gain antenna array based on a metamaterial surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein two stubs are symmetrically loaded near the radiation null of the slot.
3. The wideband high-gain antenna array based on a metamaterial surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein 16 metal patches are distributed diagonally with the same axial distance.
4. The wideband high gain antenna array based on a metamaterial surface as claimed in claim 1 wherein 4 sub-arrays of the metamaterial surface are symmetrically placed in phase.
5. The wideband high gain antenna array based on a super-structured surface as claimed in claim 1, wherein 4 of said feed ports are placed in phase and adjacent ports have the same amplitude.
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