CN114287316A - Method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction - Google Patents
Method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction, which comprises the following steps: firstly, sludge in river and lake, PAM reagent and FeCl are mixed3Mixing the reagents according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixture to a flocculation sedimentation tank, dehydrating the sludge subjected to flocculation sedimentation to reduce the water content of the sludge to 60-65%, preparing the dehydrated sludge into sludge cakes, and disinfecting the sludge cakes; sludge fermentation: firstly, the mixture is prepared from a swelling agent and an additiveThe fermentation agent consisting of the edible fungus residues and the common planting soil is mixed with the sludge cake, the mixed sludge is prepared into spherical particles, the spherical particles are sent into a fermentation chamber to be fermented under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity, the water content of the sludge is reduced to 45-55 percent after the fermentation is finished, the porosity is increased to 20-25 percent, the organic matter content is reduced by 50-60 percent, and the odor is eliminated; preparing planting soil: naturally drying the fermentation product for a certain time, and then crushing to obtain the planting soil with the water content not higher than 35%. The method realizes reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of the sludge in the river and the lake.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sponge city construction, and particularly relates to a method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction.
Background
One of the important sources of black and odorous water is endogenous pollution of water, namely water bottom mud (sludge) pollution. Generally, the surfaces of polluted river and lake sludge are blackened and smelled, the contents of internal organic pollutants, toxic and harmful heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms are far higher than those of similar pollutants in black and odorous water, the pollutants in the sludge are transferred to the water, the sludge is not treated, and the pollution problem in the water cannot be effectively solved all the time. Aiming at the urban water environment problem, the urban water system is comprehensively treated by the concept of sponge city, and the treatment comprises a plurality of measures such as sewage interception and storage pipe treatment, black and odorous water body treatment, water ecological restoration and the like, so that the urban water quality and the water environment are finally improved.
Generally speaking, the thickness of the sludge in the polluted rivers and lakes can reach about 1m, and the thickness of the sludge in some seriously polluted rivers and lakes even exceeds 2m, which results in huge weight of the sludge to be treated. The domestic river and lake sludge treatment is mostly carried out by the processes of dredging, dewatering, solidifying and burying, but a large amount of sludge occupies space and land in the process of burying, and meanwhile, the sludge still has great pollution without harmless treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction, which can remove pollutants in the sludge, retain nutrient elements and inorganic salts beneficial to plant growth, and realize reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of the river and lake sludge.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing planting soil by sludge in riverways and lakes in sponge city system construction comprises three procedures: firstly, preparing a sludge cake: firstly, river and lake sludge, PAM medicament and FeCl are mixed by a jet pump3Mixing the reagents according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixture to a flocculation sedimentation tank, conveying the sludge subjected to flocculation sedimentation to a filter press for dehydration to reduce the water content of the sludge to 60-65%, conveying the dehydrated sludge to an extruder to prepare sludge cakes, and conveying the sludge cakes to a sterilization chamber for sterilization; secondly, sludge fermentation: firstly, mixing a leavening agent consisting of a leavening agent, an additive, edible fungus residues and common planting soil with sludge cakes in a stirrer, conveying the mixed sludge to a balling machine to prepare spherical particles, conveying the spherical particles into a fermentation chamber, and fermenting under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity, wherein after the fermentation is finished, the water content of the sludge is reduced to 45-55%, the porosity is increased to 20-25%, the organic matter content is reduced by 50-60%, and the odor is eliminated; thirdly, preparing planting soil: naturally drying the fermentation product for a certain time, and then crushing to obtain the planting soil with the water content not higher than 35%.
Preferably, in the first step, the PAM agent is prepared from a PAM powder and water in a mass ratio of 99.53: 0.47 of FeCl3The medicament is made of FeCl3The mass ratio of the powder to water is 97.5: 2.5 preparation of sludge, PAM agent and FeCl3The flow ratio of the agents was 43:1.0: 0.96.
Preferably, in the second step, the raising agent is wood chips and crushed dry straws, the additive is soda ash, chelating agent and coarse sand, and the edible fungus residue is edible fungus residue cultivated by straws and wood chips.
Preferably, the leavening agent is prepared from 50.38 parts of wood chips, 7.5 parts of soda ash, 0.18 part of chelating agent, 11.3 parts of coarse sand, 8.2 parts of edible fungus residues and 21.8 parts of common planting soil, and the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the sludge is 10.36: 89.64.
preferably, the leavening agent is prepared from 65.9 parts of dry straws, 6.2 parts of soda ash, 0.1 part of chelating agent, 9.5 parts of coarse sand, 5.6 parts of edible fungus residues and 12.7 parts of common planting soil, and the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the sludge is 13.4: 86.6.
preferably, 43.8 parts of dry straws, 25.6 parts of sawdust, 0.1 part of chelating agent, 9.8 parts of edible fungus residues and 20.7 parts of common planting soil are adopted as the leavening agent, and the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the sludge is 15.3: 84.7.
preferably, in the second step, the fermentation temperature is 28 to 33 ℃, the humidity is 35 to 44%, and the number of fermentation days is 7 to 8 days.
Preferably, in the third step, the natural drying time is 3-5 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can remove pollutants in the sludge, retain nutrient elements, inorganic salts and the like which are beneficial to plant growth, the water content of the prepared planting soil is not higher than 35%, the volume of the sludge is reduced by 50%, the content of organic matters is reduced by 60%, odor is eliminated, indexes of various nutrient salts in the planting soil reach the standard GB/T23486-type 2009 of sludge quality for treating sludge in urban sewage treatment plants for landscaping, various index components meet the requirements of landscaping, and the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of the sludge in river channels and lakes are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of process equipment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the water content change in each example of the present invention and a comparative example.
In the figure: a PAM reaction tank; FeCl3A reaction tank; 3. a jet pump; 4. a flocculation sedimentation tank; 5. a slurry pump; 6. a filter press; 7. an extruder; 8. a sterilizing chamber; 9. a starter mixture tank; 10. a blender; 11. a ball forming machine; 12. a fermentation chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the planting soil is prepared according to the following steps in percentage by mass:
step one, preparing sludge cake
Step 1: adding 99.53 parts of water and 0.47 part of PAM into the first compartment of the PAM reaction tank 1, starting a stirrer in the first compartment, setting the rotating speed to be 28.8rpm, uniformly stirring for 20 minutes, starting an automatic water inlet and PAM feeder, and controlling the ratio of the two to be 99.53: 0.47, continuously adding the PAM medicament into the first compartment, overflowing the PAM medicament in the first compartment into the second compartment through the hole, starting a stirrer in the second compartment, setting the rotating speed to be 20.5rpm, overflowing the PAM medicament into the third compartment for curing after stirring, setting the curing time to be 20 minutes, then starting the stirrer in the third compartment, setting the rotating speed to be 15.6rpm, and storing the PAM medicament into the third compartment for later use.
Step 2: in FeCl3In compartment one of reaction tank 2, 97.5 parts of water and 2.5 parts of FeCl are added3Starting the stirrer in the first compartment, setting the rotating speed to be 35.7rpm, uniformly stirring for 10 minutes, and then starting automatic water inlet and FeCl3And controlling the ratio of the powder feeder to be 97.5: 2.5, FeCl added continuously into compartment one, compartment one3The agent overflows to the second compartment through the hole for standby, and the stirrer in the second compartment is started, and the set rotating speed is 25.2 rpm.
And step 3: at a hydraulic dredging place, a jet pump 3 is started to suck sludge with the water content of 85-90 percent, and PAM and FeCl are started simultaneously3Metering a pump and synchronously adding the PAM medicament and FeCl prepared in the step 1 and the step 23Injecting the medicament into an inhalation pipeline of a jet pump 3, wherein the diameter of the inhalation pipe of the jet pump 3 is 80mm, the flow velocity of sludge in the inhalation pipe is not less than 5m/s, and the flow of the sludge is controlled by PAM slurry, FeCl3The solution flow ratio was 43:1.0: 0.96.
And 4, step 4: mixing the sludge obtained in the step 3 with PAM and FeCl3The mixed liquid is conveyed to a flocculation sedimentation tank 4, the retention time of the mixed liquid is 45min, a flow baffle is arranged at the inlet of the flocculation sedimentation tank 4 to prevent the mixed liquid entering the flocculation sedimentation tank from disturbing the supernatant in a sedimentation area, after sedimentation and concentration, the water content is reduced to 80-85%, when the subsequent steps can be continuously carried out, the sludge is uninterruptedly conveyed to the flocculation sedimentation tank 4, and the supernatant is communicated with the flocculation sedimentation tank 4And discharging through an overflow pipe. And after the retention time is reached, starting a slurry pump at the bottom of the flocculation sedimentation tank 4, conveying the concentrated sludge to a filter press 6 through a slurry pump 5, and dehydrating to obtain sludge blocks with the water content of 60-65%.
And 5: and (4) placing the sludge blocks obtained in the step (4) on a transmission belt, starting an extruder 7 to press the blocky sludge on the transmission belt into sludge cakes with the diameter of 10cm and the thickness of 0.5cm, placing the sludge cakes on the transmission belt, and feeding the sludge cakes into a sterilizing chamber 8. Starting the sterilizing device, heating the sludge cake with high-temperature steam at a temperature not lower than 120 deg.C for 25 min. Then, the sludge cake is placed on a transmission belt, a fan is started to quickly ventilate and cool the sterilized sludge block to 35 ℃, a resistance heating device under the transmission belt is started, the temperature of the belt is controlled by a temperature sensor to be 28.6 ℃, and the sludge cake is conveyed to the next process.
Step two sludge fermentation
Step 6: and mixing 50.38 parts of wood chips, 7.5 parts of soda ash, 8.2 parts of edible fungus residues, 0.18 part of chelating agent and 11.3 parts of coarse sand uniformly, grinding the mixture into powder, sieving the powder by a 250-mesh sieve, adding the sieved powder into a starter proportioning tank 9, starting a stirring mechanism, keeping the rotating speed at 15.5rpm, adding 21.8 parts of common planting soil, uniformly stirring, starting a resistance heater in the starter proportioning tank 9, and controlling the temperature in the starter proportioning tank 9 to be 28.6 ℃ through a temperature sensor for later use.
And 7: adding the mixture obtained in the step 6 into the center of the sludge cake obtained in the step 5, and keeping the mass ratio of the mixture to the sludge cake to be 10.36: 89.64, sending the mixture into a stirrer 10 for rapid stirring; then the sludge is sent into a ball forming mill 11, the ball forming mill is started, the extrusion pressure is controlled to be 0.01-0.015 Mpa, the sludge is extruded into ball particles, and the temperature is kept at 28.6 ℃ for standby.
And 8: starting a constant temperature and humidity device arranged in the fermentation chamber 12, setting the temperature to be 28.6 ℃ and the humidity to be 36%, and starting a ventilation device and an illumination device; and (3) feeding the pellets obtained in the step (7) into a fermentation chamber (12) for fermentation, fermenting for 2 days at the temperature of 28.6 ℃ and the humidity of 36%, continuously fermenting for 7 days at the temperature of 32.4 ℃ and the humidity of 52% after the water content of the mixed fermentation product is reduced to 50-55%, and reducing the water content of the mixed fermentation product to 40-45%. Closing the ventilation device and starting the water spraying device at intervals of 12 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 32.4 ℃ and the humidity is 52%, adding water into the fermentation chamber for 3min, then keeping for 75min, and starting the ventilation device after the completion.
Drying of planting soil prepared in the third step
And step 9: and (4) sending the mixed fermentation product obtained in the step (8) into a drying chamber for natural drying for 5 days, reducing the water content of the mixed fermentation product to be below 30%, and then sending the mixed fermentation product into a crushing device for crushing to obtain a finished product of the planting soil.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the planting soil is prepared according to the following steps in percentage by mass:
step 1 to step 5: see example 1
Step 6: 65.9 parts of dry straw is put into a crusher to be crushed, 6.2 parts of soda ash, 5.6 parts of edible fungus residue, 0.1 part of chelating agent and 9.5 parts of coarse sand are mixed evenly and sieved by a 200-mesh screen, and the sieved powder is added into a starter blending tank 9. Starting a stirring mechanism in the starter blending tank 9, keeping the rotating speed at 15.5rpm, adding 12.7 parts of common planting soil, uniformly stirring, starting a resistance heater in the starter blending tank 9, and controlling the temperature in the starter blending tank 9 to be 28.6 ℃ through a temperature sensor for later use.
And 7: adding the mixture obtained in the step 6 into the center of the sludge cake obtained in the step 5, and keeping the mass ratio of the mixture to the sludge cake to be 13.4: 86.6 of the total weight of the alloy; sending the mixture into a stirrer 10 for rapid stirring; then sending the sludge into a granulator 11, starting the granulator 11, controlling the extrusion pressure to be between 0.01 and 0.015Mpa, extruding the sludge into spherical particles, and keeping the temperature at 28.6 ℃ for later use.
And 8: starting a constant temperature and humidity device arranged in the fermentation chamber 12, setting the temperature to be 28.6 ℃ and the humidity to be 42%, and starting a ventilation device and an illumination device; and (3) feeding the pellets obtained in the step (7) into a fermentation chamber (12) for fermentation, and after fermenting for 1.5 days at the temperature of 28.6 ℃ and the humidity of 42%, continuously fermenting for 6 days under the conditions of adjusting the temperature to 32.4 ℃ and the humidity of 52%. Closing the ventilation device and starting the water spraying device at intervals of 8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 32.4 ℃ and the humidity is 60%, adding water into the fermentation chamber for 3min, then keeping the temperature for 60min, and starting the ventilation device after the completion.
And step 9: and (4) sending the mixed fermentation product obtained in the step (8) into a drying chamber for natural drying for 4 days, and then sending into a crushing device for crushing to obtain a finished product of the planting soil.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the planting soil is prepared according to the following steps in percentage by mass:
step 1 to step 5: see example 1
Step 6: 43.8 parts of dry straw is put into a crusher to be crushed, 25.6 parts of wood chips, 9.8 parts of edible fungus residues and 0.1 part of chelating agent are uniformly mixed and sieved by a 200-mesh screen, and the sieved powder is added into a starter blending tank 9. Starting a stirring mechanism in the starter blending tank 9, keeping the rotating speed at 15.5rpm, adding 20.7 parts of common planting soil, uniformly stirring, starting a resistance heater in the starter blending tank 9, and controlling the temperature in the starter blending tank 9 to be 28.6 ℃ through a temperature sensor for later use.
And 7: adding the mixture obtained in the step 6 into the center of the sludge cake obtained in the step 5, and keeping the mass ratio of the mixture to the sludge cake to be 15.3: 84.7; sending the mixture into a stirrer 10 for rapid stirring; then sending the sludge into a granulator 11, starting the granulator 11, controlling the extrusion pressure to be between 0.01 and 0.015Mpa, extruding the sludge into spherical particles, and keeping the temperature at 28.6 ℃ for later use.
And 8: starting a constant temperature and humidity device arranged in the fermentation chamber 12, setting the temperature to be 28.6 ℃ and the humidity to be 35%, and starting a ventilation device and an illumination device; and (3) feeding the pellets obtained in the step (7) into a fermentation chamber (12) for fermentation, and after fermenting for 1.5 days at the temperature of 28.6 ℃ and the humidity of 35%, continuously fermenting for 6 days under the conditions of adjusting the temperature to 32.4 ℃ and the humidity of 44%. Closing the ventilation device and starting the water spraying device at intervals of 8 hours under the conditions that the temperature is 32.4 ℃ and the humidity is 44%, adding water into the fermentation chamber for 3min, then keeping the temperature for 70min, and starting the ventilation device after the completion.
And step 9: and (4) sending the mixed fermentation product obtained in the step (8) into a drying chamber for natural drying for 4 days, and then sending into a crushing device for crushing to obtain a finished product of the planting soil.
Comparative example
Step 1 to step 9, refer to example 1, but do not add any bacterial species, carbon source and other additives as a control.
The analysis and test method of the prepared planting soil component adopts CJ/T221-:
the water content of the comparative example and each example was changed as shown in FIG. 3. The method can remove pollutants in the sludge, retain nutrient elements, inorganic salts and the like which are beneficial to plant growth, the water content of the prepared planting soil is not higher than 35%, the volume of the sludge is reduced by 50%, the content of organic matters is reduced by 60%, odor is eliminated, indexes of various nutrient salts in the planting soil reach the standard GB/T23486-type 2009 of sludge quality for treating sludge in urban sewage treatment plants for landscaping, various index components meet the requirements of landscaping, and the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of the sludge in river channels and lakes are realized.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises three procedures, namely, preparing the sludge cake: firstly, river and lake sludge, PAM medicament and FeCl are mixed by a jet pump3Mixing the reagents according to a certain proportion, conveying the mixture to a flocculation sedimentation tank, conveying the sludge subjected to flocculation sedimentation to a filter press for dehydration to reduce the water content of the sludge to 60-65%, conveying the dehydrated sludge to an extruder to prepare sludge cakes, and conveying the sludge cakes to a sterilization chamber for sterilization; secondly, sludge fermentation: firstly, a leavening agent consisting of a leavening agent, an additive, edible fungus residues and common planting soil is mixed with sludge cakes in a stirrer, then the mixed sludge is conveyed to a ball forming machine to be prepared into ball particles, then the ball particles are conveyed into a fermentation chamber to be fermented under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity, the water content of the sludge is reduced to 45-55 percent after the fermentation is finished, and the porosity is increased to the extent that20 to 25 percent, reduces the organic matter content by 50 to 60 percent and eliminates the odor; thirdly, preparing planting soil: naturally drying the fermentation product for a certain time, and then crushing to obtain the planting soil with the water content not higher than 35%.
2. The method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the PAM agent is prepared from PAM powder and water in a mass ratio of 99.53: 0.47 of FeCl3The medicament is made of FeCl3The mass ratio of the powder to water is 97.5: 2.5 preparation of sludge, PAM agent and FeCl3The flow ratio of the agents was 43:1.0: 0.96.
3. The method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the raising agent adopts wood chips and crushed dry straws, the additive adopts soda, chelating agent and coarse sand, and the edible fungus residue adopts straw and edible fungus residue cultivated by wood chips.
4. The method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the leaven is prepared from 50.38 parts of wood chips, 7.5 parts of soda ash, 0.18 part of chelating agent, 11.3 parts of coarse sand, 8.2 parts of edible fungus residues and 21.8 parts of common planting soil, and the mass ratio of the leaven to the sludge is 10.36: 89.64.
5. the method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the leaven is prepared from 65.9 parts of dry straws, 6.2 parts of soda ash, 0.1 part of chelating agent, 9.5 parts of coarse sand, 5.6 parts of edible fungus residues and 12.7 parts of common planting soil, and the mass ratio of the leaven to the sludge is 13.4: 86.6.
6. the method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 43.8 parts of dry straw, 25.6 parts of sawdust, 0.1 part of chelating agent, 9.8 parts of edible fungus residue and 20.7 parts of common planting soil are adopted as the leavening agent, and the mass ratio of the leavening agent to the sludge is 15.3: 84.7.
7. the method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the fermentation temperature is 28-33 ℃, the humidity is 35-44%, and the fermentation period is 7-8 days.
8. The method for preparing planting soil from river and lake sludge in sponge city system construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the natural drying time is 3-5 days.
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