CN114285280B - Mixed seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed seamless mode transition buck-boost switch power converter, comprising: six MOS switching devices S1-S6, an inductor L and two flying capacitors C F1 、C F2 And a load capacitor C O (ii) a Wherein: the source of S1 is connected to the input voltage V IN The drain electrode is connected with one end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 The upper plate of (1); the source of S2 is connected to the drain of S3 and the flying capacitor C F1 The drain of S2 is connected to the input voltage V IN (ii) a The source of S3 is connected to ground level; the source of S4 is connected with the other end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F2 The drain of S4 is connected with the source of S5 and the load capacitor C O Is connected with the output voltage V OUT Load capacitance C O The lower electrode plate of (2) is grounded; the drain of S5 is connected to the drain of S6 and the flying capacitor C F2 The lower pole plate of (1); the source of S6 is connected to ground. The invention realizes seamless mode transition, eliminates the influence of the right half-plane zero point of the boost mode on the transient response of the circuit load, avoids a complex control circuit and reduces the manufacturing difficulty and cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter.
Background
In recent years, buck-boost switching power converters have been widely used in lithium battery powered mobile devices, such as radio frequency power amplifiers, battery chargers, and light emitting diode drivers. The input voltage of the lithium battery is usually in the range of 2.5V-4.2V, and the output voltage of the lithium battery is gradually reduced in the use process. Many applications for buck-boost switching power converters powered by lithium batteries set the target output voltage at around 3.3V, and in order to provide a target output voltage of 3.3V to a load over the entire input voltage range of the lithium battery and to extend the battery's life, a switching power converter capable of buck and boost is highly desirable.
In the conventional buck-boost switching power converter, a very high conversion ratio range and efficiency can be obtained, but there are also problems of efficiency deterioration and difficulty in achieving Seamless Mode Transition (Seamless Mode Transition) when the input voltage and the output voltage are close to each other (the voltage conversion ratio is 1), because the duty ratios in the buck Mode and the boost Mode of the converter are very close to 100% and 0%, respectively, when the conversion ratio is very close to 1. When the voltage reduction mode is transited to the voltage boosting mode, the duty ratio is close to 100%, and for the voltage boosting mode, the inductive current can be infinite, so that the problems of poor efficiency and undershoot of output voltage are solved; when the boost mode transitions to the buck mode, the duty cycle is close to 0%, for the buck mode the voltage conversion ratio may be 0 resulting in poor efficiency and overshoot problems in the output voltage. To avoid this, the duty ratio is usually only 10% to 90% during circuit design, and the conventional buck-boost switching power converter does not include the case where the voltage conversion ratio is 1, so that the voltage conversion ratio is discontinuous in the buck-boost mode, and thus a Gap (Gap) exists during mode transition. And a large loss due to a large inductor current to lower the overall efficiency, and also a large output voltage ripple due to the presence of discontinuous output current in the boost mode and a poor transient response due to the presence of a right half-plane zero (RHP-zero) in the circuit structure in this mode.
The hybrid buck-boost switching power converter structure proposed by Jinwoo Jeon has three working states, realizes seamless mode transition, and solves the problems of poor efficiency and mode transition when the voltage conversion ratio is 1. And, this structure can obtain output current continuity, thereby reducing output voltage ripple, and the inductor current is reduced in the step-down mode.
Although the structure proposed by jinwood Jeon can realize seamless mode transition, reduce the inductor current and obtain continuous output current, the inductor current is still large in the boost mode, which results in large inductor parasitic resistance loss and switch conduction loss. In addition, this structure achieves seamless transition between step-down and step-up, requires a complicated control circuit and increases loss, and the duty ratio cannot be fully utilized.
The hybrid buck-boost switching power converter structure proposed by Hongsook Shin realizes seamless mode transition and solves the problems of poor efficiency and mode transition when the voltage conversion ratio is 1. Also this configuration allows to obtain a continuous output current and thus a reduced output voltage ripple, with a reduced inductor current in buck mode, but without the need for complex control circuits compared to the configuration proposed by jinwood Jeon.
Although this structure can achieve seamless mode transition, and reduce the inductor current and obtain continuous output current, the inductor current is still large in the boost mode, resulting in large inductor parasitic resistance loss and switch conduction loss. In addition, the structure does not well eliminate the influence of the right half-plane zero point on the transient response of the load. The maximum voltage stress of the structure switching device is 2V OUT Minimum voltage stress of V OUT . Therefore, the structure needs to be fabricated by a high-voltage process, which increases the fabrication cost and difficulty of the chip.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter, which is used for solving the problems of mode transition between poor voltage conversion ratio of 1 and buck-boost, high conduction loss caused by large inductive current, large output voltage ripple caused by discontinuous output current in a boost mode and poor transient response caused by a right half-plane zero point in a circuit structure in the mode in the prior art.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter comprising: six MOS switching devices S1-S6, an inductor L and two flying capacitors C F1 、C F2 And a load capacitor C O The gates of S1-S6 are respectively connected with the control signal V S1 To V S6 (ii) a Wherein:
the source of S1 is connected to the input voltage V IN Leak, leakOne end of the pole connection inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 The upper plate of (1); the source of S2 is connected to the drain of S3 and the flying capacitor C F1 The drain of S2 is connected to the input voltage V IN (ii) a The source of S3 is connected to ground level; the source of S4 is connected with the other end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F2 The drain of S4 is connected with the source of S5 and the load capacitor C O Is connected with the output voltage V OUT Load capacitance C O The lower electrode plate of (2) is grounded; the drain of S5 is connected to the drain of S6 and the flying capacitor C F2 The lower pole plate of (1); the source of S6 is connected to ground.
Furthermore, PMOS tubes are adopted for S1, S2, S4 and S5, and NMOS tubes are adopted for S3 and S6.
Further, when V IN >V OUT In the meantime, the switching power converter of the invention works in a step-down mode, where the duty ratio D is 0<D<0.5；V IN <V OUT The time-switch power converter works in a boost mode, and the duty ratio D is 0.5<D<1。
Further, in the buck mode and the boost mode, when the duty ratio is D, the converter enters state one:
in state one, by means of a control signal V S1 To V S6 S2, S4 and S6 are controlled to be conducted, S1, S3 and S5 are controlled to be cut off, and the inductor L and the flying capacitor C are controlled to be conducted at the moment F1 In series and C F2 Connected in parallel, with inductor current flowing through switching device S1 and flying capacitor C F1 The inductor L is charged to 2V IN -V OUT While at the same time flying capacitor C F2 Also supplies power to the load until the flying capacitor C F2 Discharge of the voltage across to V OUT (ii) a Capacitor C F1 Transient current i CF1,ch ＝i L,ch Capacitor C F2 Transient current
Wherein i L,ch The charging current of the inductor L.
Further, in the buck mode and the boost mode, when the duty cycle is 1-D, the converter enters state two:
in state two, S1, S3And S5 is conducted, S2, S4 and S6 are cut off, and at the moment, the inductor L and the flying capacitor C are connected F1 In parallel with C F2 In series, an inductor current flows through the switching device S5 and the flying capacitor C F2 The inductor L discharges to 2V OUT -V IN Up to the capacitance C F1 Discharge the voltage at both ends to V IN (ii) a Capacitor C F1 Transient current
Capacitor C F2 Transient current i CF2,ch ＝i L,dis Wherein i L,dis Is the discharge current of the inductor L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical characteristics:
1. the hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter can achieve seamless mode transition between buck and boost in a mobile device powered by a lithium battery, does not need a complex control circuit, and reduces the difficulty of circuit design.
2. By shunting two capacitor branches, the size of inductive current is effectively reduced, conduction loss and switching loss are reduced, and efficiency is improved.
3. The structure can realize continuous output current and low voltage ripple and eliminate right half-plane zero while maintaining high efficiency and low inductive current, and further improve and optimize the performances of load transient response, output voltage ripple and the like
4. The circuit structure of the hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter can be manufactured by using a common process, and the manufacturing difficulty and cost are reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit structure diagram of a converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 (a) and (b) are diagrams of the working states of the present invention in states one and two;
FIG. 3 is a timing diagram illustrating the control of the switching devices according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing inductor current for the same conversion ratio with that of the prior art;
fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of the efficiency of the power stage circuit of the present invention and the prior art when the voltage conversion ratio is CR is 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter, aiming at the problems that the traditional buck-boost inductance type switching power converter, the hybrid buck-boost switching power converter with the structure proposed by Jinwoo Jeon and Hongsook Shin and the like cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of seamless mode transition, high efficiency, low inductance current, low voltage stress, continuous output current and right half plane zero point elimination, and as shown in figure 1, the hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter comprises the following components:
six MOS switching devices S1-S6, an inductor L and two flying capacitors C F1 、C F2 (ii) a C in FIG. 1 O Is a load capacitance; wherein, S1, S2, S4 and S5 adopt PMOS tubes, S3 and S6 adopt NMOS tubes, and the gates of S1 to S6 are respectively connected with a control signal V S1 To V S6 ；
The source of S1 is connected to the input voltage V IN The drain electrode is connected with one end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 The upper plate of (1); the source of S2 is connected to the drain of S3 and the flying capacitor C F1 The drain of S2 is connected to the input voltage V IN (ii) a The source of S3 is connected to ground level; the source of S4 is connected with the other end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F2 The drain of S4 is connected with the source of S5 and the load capacitor C O Is connected with the output voltage V OUT Load capacitance C O The lower electrode plate of (2) is grounded; the drain of S5 is connected to the drain of S6 and the flying capacitor C F2 The lower pole plate of (1); the source of S6 is connected to ground.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
when V is IN >V OUT In the meantime, the switching power converter of the invention works in a step-down mode, where the duty ratio D is 0<D<0.5；V IN <V OUT The time-switch power converter operates in a boost mode, where 0.5<D<1. Wherein the duty cycle D is defined as being at oneIn the working period, the proportion of the working time of the state one to the total time is used for controlling the charging and discharging time of the capacitor and the inductor, and the conduction time of each MOS tube can also be controlled, so that the conversion ratio of the circuit is further influenced to keep stable output voltage.
In the buck mode and the boost mode, when the duty ratio is D, the state one:
in the state phi 1, by means of a control signal V S1 To V S6 Controlling the conduction of S2, S4 and S6, wherein the control signal levels corresponding to the MOS tubes are respectively low level, low level and high level in sequence; s1, S3 and S5 are turned off, and the control signal levels corresponding to the respective MOS transistors are high level, low level and high level in this order, as shown by the dotted lines in fig. 2 (a). At this time, the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 In series and C F2 In parallel connection, the inductor current will flow through the switching device S1 and the flying capacitor C F1 The inductor L is charged to 2V IN -V OUT While at the same time flying capacitor C F2 Also supplies power to the load until the flying capacitor C F2 Discharge of the voltage across to V OUT (ii) a Capacitor C F1 Transient current i CF1,ch ＝i L,ch ，(0<D<1) Capacitor C F2 Transient current
(0<D<1) Wherein i CF1,ch Is a capacitor C F1 Charging current of i CF2,dis Is a capacitor C F2 Discharge current of i L,ch The charging current of the inductor L.
When the duty ratio is 1-D, entering a state two:
in state two phi 2, by means of a control signal V S1 To V S6 Controlling the conduction of S1, S3 and S5, wherein the control signal levels corresponding to the MOS tubes are respectively a low level, a high level and a low level in sequence; s2, S4, and S6 are turned off, and the control signal levels corresponding to the respective MOS transistors are high level, and low level in this order, as shown by the solid line in fig. 2 (b). At this time, the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 In parallel with C F2 In series, the inductor current will flow through the switching device S5 and the flying capacitor C F2 The inductor L discharges to 2V OUT -V IN Up to the capacitance C F1 Discharge the voltage at both ends to V IN . Capacitor C F1 Transient current
(0<D<1) Capacitor C F2 Transient current i CF2,ch ＝i L,dis ，(0<D<1) Wherein i CF1,dis Is a capacitor C F1 Discharge current of i CF2,ch Is a capacitor C F2 Charging current of i L,dis A discharge current of the inductor L; fig. 3 is a control timing diagram of the switching device.
The inductance L volt-second equilibrium law can be derived:
D·(2V IN -V OUT )＝(1-D)·(2V OUT -V IN )
the conversion ratio can be obtained from the above equation:
by a capacitor C F1 、C F2 And C O The charge balance law can yield the inductor current:
TABLE 1 Voltage stress table for switching device of hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power supply converter
As can be seen from the above table, the switching device of the present invention has a small switching stress in each operating state, and can be fabricated using a common CMOS process.
In summary, the hybrid type seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter provided by the invention alternately supplies power to the load in the first state and the second state by designing the two capacitor branches, so that the seamless mode transition is realized, the magnitude of the inductor current is also reduced to obtain continuous output current, and the influence of the right half-plane zero point of the boost mode on the transient response of the circuit load is eliminated. In addition, excessive working states do not need to be added, and a complex control circuit is avoided. Meanwhile, the composite material can be manufactured by only using a common process, so that the manufacturing difficulty and cost are reduced.
And (3) simulation comparison:
simulating the load current at 0.1-2A; the inductance value is 4.7 muH, and the parasitic resistance is 250m omega; flying capacitor C F1 、C F2 And a load capacitor C O The values of (A) are all 10 muF, and the on-resistance of the switching device is 100m omega.
Compared with the structure proposed by Jinwoo Jeon, the most intuitive advantage is that seamless mode transition can be realized in two working states without a complex control circuit; by comparison with the structure proposed by Hongseok Shin, there is also an intuitive advantage that no special and expensive high pressure process is required for fabrication; by comparison, the inductor current for each scheme is shown in fig. 4.
The structures proposed by Jinwoo Jeon and Hongseok Shin have the same magnitude of the inductor current under the same conversion ratio, so that fig. 4 can only show the inductor current of one of the structures, and it can be known that under the same conversion ratio, the invention can obtain smaller inductor current in both the buck mode and the boost mode, thereby effectively reducing the conduction loss and the switching loss and improving the efficiency.
When the input voltage of the power stage circuit with each structure is 3.3V and the output voltage thereof is 3.3V, the voltage conversion ratio is 1, and the simulation result of the power stage efficiency when the circuit is in the buck mode and the boost mode respectively is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from the power stage simulation result in fig. 5, under the condition that the voltage conversion ratio is 1 and the load current is the same, the proposed scheme has higher efficiency than the structures proposed by jinwood Jeon and Hongseok Shin in the buck and boost modes, and not only can realize mode transition, but also can solve the problem of poor efficiency in mode transition.
In addition, the invention can reduce the highest voltage stress of the structural switch device proposed by Hongsook Shin by about one time, realize the manufacture by using a common process and reduce the manufacture difficulty and the cost.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter, comprising: six MOS switching devices S1-S6, an inductor L and two flying capacitors C F1 、C F2 And a load capacitor C O The gates of S1-S6 are respectively connected with a control signal V S1 To V S6 (ii) a Wherein:
the source of S1 is connected to the input voltage V IN The drain electrode is connected with one end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F1 The upper plate of (1); the source of S2 is connected to the drain of S3 and the flying capacitor C F1 The drain of S2 is connected to the input voltage V IN (ii) a The source of S3 is connected to ground level; the source of S4 is connected with the other end of the inductor L and the flying capacitor C F2 The drain of S4 is connected with the source of S5 and the load capacitor C O Is connected with the output voltage V OUT Load capacitance C O The lower electrode plate of (2) is grounded; the drain of S5 is connected with the drain of S6 and the flying capacitor C F2 The lower pole plate of (1); the source of S6 is connected to ground.
2. The hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter according to claim 1, wherein the S1, S2, S4, S5 use PMOS transistors and the S3, S6 use NMOS transistors.
3. The hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter according to claim 1, wherein when V is IN >V OUT When the switching power supply converter works in a voltage reduction mode, the duty ratio D is 0<D<0.5；V IN <V OUT The time-switch power converter works in a boost mode, and the duty ratio D is 0.5<D<1; the duty ratio D is the duty ratio of the switching devices S2, S4 and S6; the duty cycles of the switching devices S1, S3, S5 are 1-D.
4. The hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter according to claim 1, wherein in buck mode and boost mode, during the 0-DTs of the switching period Ts, the converter enters state one:
in state one, by means of a control signal V S1 To V S6 S2, S4 and S6 are controlled to be switched on and switched off by S1, S3 and S5, and at the moment, one path of current flows through the switching device S2 and the flying capacitor C in sequence F1 Inductor L and switching device S4, the other path of current flows through switching device S6 and flying capacitor C in sequence F2 And a switching device S4, the inductor L is charged to 2V IN -V OUT While at the same time flying capacitor C F2 Also supplies power to the load until the flying capacitor C F2 Discharge of the voltage across to V OUT (ii) a Flying capacitor C F1 Transient current i CF1,ch ＝i L,ch Flying capacitor C F2 Transient current
Wherein i L,ch The charging current of the inductor L.
5. A hybrid seamless mode transition buck-boost switching power converter according to claim 1, wherein in buck mode and boost mode, during DTs-Ts of the switching period Ts, the converter enters state two:
in the second state, S1, S3 and S5 are turned on, S2, S4 and S6 are turned off, and at this time, one path of current flows through the switching device S1, the inductor L and the flying capacitor C in sequence F2 And a switching device S5, wherein the other current flows through the switching device S1 and the flying capacitor C in sequence F1 And a switching device S3, the inductor L discharges to 2V OUT -V IN Up to flying capacitor C F1 Discharge the voltage at both ends to V IN (ii) a Flying capacitor C F1 Transient current
Flying capacitor C F2 Transient current i CF2,ch ＝i L,dis Wherein i L,dis Is the discharge current of the inductor L.
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