CN114277700B - Construction method of open cut tunnel of high and large karst cave in hidden river section - Google Patents
Construction method of open cut tunnel of high and large karst cave in hidden river section Download PDFInfo
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- CN114277700B CN114277700B CN202111522814.8A CN202111522814A CN114277700B CN 114277700 B CN114277700 B CN 114277700B CN 202111522814 A CN202111522814 A CN 202111522814A CN 114277700 B CN114277700 B CN 114277700B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011465 paving brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a high and large karst cave open cut tunnel in a hidden river section, which comprises the steps of adopting a hidden excavation method to construct a horizontal drainage tunnel until a main drainage tunnel is intersected with the horizontal drainage tunnel, then respectively constructing the main drainage tunnel outside a tunnel and the hidden river, after the drainage tunnel is opened, carrying out diversion of a hidden river channel, leading hidden river water into the drainage tunnel, carrying out open cut tunnel foundation construction after the diversion of the river channel, dredging and then adopting concrete to replace and fill, carrying out open cut tunnel lining construction, adopting a structural form of reinforced concrete for lining, carrying out waterproof and lining protection measures after the lining construction strength meets the requirement, avoiding later lining leakage and damage, and finally adopting a layered backfilling mode to carry out open cut tunnel back pressure backfill. The construction method provided by the invention can safely, stably and efficiently transit the underground river reach of the tunnel, has reasonable drainage mode and obvious effect, effectively solves the problem of the river water, and has wider reference significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mountain tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a construction method of a high-large karst cave open cut tunnel in a hidden river section.
Background
The spatial distribution of the river is controlled by lithology, geological structure and drainage datum. A hidden river often develops at the shaft portion, fissure and fracture of the formation fold, at the contact of the dissolvable rock with the non-dissolvable rock, and near the drainage datum. The river has its own supply, runoff and drainage system. Large buried rivers also form underground river systems that develop primarily along the structural fracture plane, with the underground river and volt-current being important water sources in karst areas. At present, the construction of long and large tunnels in mountain areas in China is occasionally encountered, the water level and flow of the river are unstable, and the flow difference between the dry season and the rainy season can be 10 times or more than 100 times. Some of the river water flows are turbulent, and some of the river water flows have water drops, even waterfalls, and some of the river water flows can form underground lakes. Therefore, the hidden river is a very troublesome construction problem in tunnel construction, and how to span layers to block passage of the hidden river is a key of the problem. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a construction method of a high-large karst cave open cut tunnel in a covered river section.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a construction method of a high-large karst cave open cut tunnel in a hidden river section.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a construction method of a high and large karst cave open cut tunnel of a covered river section comprises the following construction steps:
s1, constructing a drain hole;
constructing an initial support at the intersection of the horizontal drainage tunnel and the main tunnel, and installing a fireproof door at the intersection of the horizontal drainage tunnel and the main tunnel;
constructing a horizontal drainage tunnel until the construction reaches the intersection of the main drainage tunnel, and then constructing the main drainage tunnel in a bidirectional manner outside the tunnel and inside the hidden river respectively;
s2, paving a river channel at a start point hole of the water drainage hole and constructing a retaining dam;
firstly, constructing an opening side by adopting a mode of changing a temporary river channel and constructing a cofferdam in a framing manner, and paving and retaining a dam on the outside of the construction after a water discharge hole is opened;
s3, replacing and filling the foundation of the open cut tunnel foundation pit;
adopting slope-releasing excavation, wherein the excavation height is not more than 1m in each cycle, strengthening and observing the stability of a foundation pit slope during construction, and compacting by adopting hole slag;
s4, constructing open cut tunnel lining;
adopting waterproof C35 reinforced concrete with the impervious grade of P8, adopting phi 22 screw-thread steel bars as lining circumferential main bars, and adopting phi 12 screw-thread steel bars as longitudinal steel bars;
s5, constructing a waterproof structure;
asphalt is firstly thermally smeared on the outer surface of the arch wall twice, and then waterproof coiled materials and non-woven fabrics are paved to be used as a waterproof protection structure; paving waterproof plates and/or waterproof pipes on the outer side of the waterproof protection structure, and paving brick wall protective layers on the outer side after the waterproof plates are paved and hung;
s6, constructing an arch protection structure;
and C25 concrete is adopted for symmetrically pouring the arch protector.
Further, the thickness of the arch guard is not less than 1.5m, and the base width of the arch guard is not less than 3m.
Furthermore, 20b I-beams are adopted as stiffening measures for primary support, the longitudinal arrangement space of the I-beams is 1m, the I-beams are longitudinally welded and connected by phi 20 steel bars, and in addition, a foot locking anchor rod is required to be applied before the longitudinal I-beam joist is installed on an arch frame at a crossing.
Further, a mortar anchor rod is arranged in the lining of the drain hole, and reinforcing steel bars arranged on the side wall and the arch part of the lining of the drain hole are welded at the exposed end of the anchor rod to form a reinforcing steel bar net.
Further, the drain hole lining comprises a lining bottom plate, an shotcrete layer on the upper side of the lining bottom plate and a modeling plain concrete layer on the outer side of the shotcrete layer.
Further, I16I-steel is arranged in the sprayed concrete layer, and the longitudinal distance is 1m.
Further, the foundation pit foundation is replaced by C20 concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the construction method is suitable for the construction of the water-rich tunnel with the underground river when the tunnel is excavated and the underground river is exposed to the high and large karst cave and similar projects. The conditions of short construction period of the poor geological tunnel, high stability construction safety coefficient of the complex geological tunnel structure, high water-rich tunnel water-proof and drainage requirements, protection of natural ecological water systems from being destroyed, protection of high-large karst cave open cut tunnel of the hidden river section due to insufficient bearing capacity of the foundation at the bottom of the hidden river and the like can be met. The construction method can safely, stably and efficiently pass through the underground river reach of the tunnel, has reasonable drainage mode and obvious effect, effectively solves the problem of the river water, and has wider reference significance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a cross-section of a drainage cross-hole and main hole intersection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a main tunnel and a drain tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a construction drawing of a lining section of a drain hole;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a river course paving for a river;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of open cut tunnel substrate processing;
FIG. 6 is a construction drawing of open cut tunnel lining section;
FIG. 7 is a open cut tunnel lining rebar layout;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the portion of the lining waterproof structure of FIG. 6A;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of open cut tunnel external backfill construction.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships that are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the creation of the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific case.
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section is shown in fig. 1 to 9, and comprises the following construction steps:
as shown in fig. 2, constructing a drain hole;
and the construction of the horizontal drainage hole is carried out by a subsurface excavation method, the side wall of the main tunnel 1 enters the construction, the primary support is constructed at the intersection of the horizontal drainage hole 2 and the main tunnel 3, the support structure is shown in figure 1, and the fireproof door 4 is arranged at the intersection of the horizontal drainage hole and the main tunnel, so that the support structure is stable and the safety coefficient is high. For example, when in construction, the 20b I-steel 5 is used as a stiffening measure of an initial support, the longitudinal arrangement space of the I-steel is 1m, the I-steel is longitudinally welded and connected by phi 20 steel bars, and in addition, the arch at the intersection must be provided with a foot locking anchor rod before the longitudinal I-steel joist 6 is installed.
And performing construction of the horizontal drainage hole until the construction reaches the intersection of the main drainage hole, and then performing bidirectional construction of the main drainage hole outside the tunnel and inside the hidden river respectively. When the water draining hole is constructed, the lining of the water draining hole comprises a lining bottom plate 7, an injection concrete layer 8 on the upper side of the lining bottom plate and a modeling plain concrete layer 9 on the outer side of the injection concrete layer, and the lining structure of the water draining hole is shown in figure 3.
Mortar anchor rods 18 are arranged in the lining of the drain hole, and reinforcing steel bars arranged on the side walls and the arch parts of the lining are welded at the exposed ends of the anchor rods to form a reinforcing steel bar net. I16I-steel is arranged in the sprayed concrete layer, and the longitudinal spacing is 1m.
The drainage tunnel adopts a double-layer supporting mode, so that disturbance to rock mass caused by tunneling in the later period is prevented, the drainage tunnel is collapsed and blocked, and the underground river water flows back to impact the open cut tunnel in the tunnel to damage the main structure. The wall of the underground river inner solution cavity is supported by adopting anchor spraying, so that unstable structures of the underground river inner high and large solution cavity are prevented from falling due to construction disturbance, the solution cavity is prevented from collapsing, and the safety of the tunnel in subsequent construction is ensured. Overcomes the bad geology and resumes the construction production. And the underground river water is successfully drained through the construction of the drainage tunnel and the open cut tunnel of the river section, the tunneling in the tunnel is recovered in advance, and the construction period is ensured to be controllable.
After the spillway tunnel is opened, the river channel of the hidden river is moved, and the river channel is paved at the opening of the starting point of the spillway tunnel and the construction of the retaining dam is carried out; the method comprises the steps of adopting a mode of frame construction after temporary river channel transfer and cofferdam, constructing an opening side, paving a river channel and retaining a dam at the outer side of construction after a water discharge hole is opened. The joint of the starting point hole of the river channel shifting drain hole and the river channel of the hidden river is jointed according to the river channel, the paving structure 11 of the river bottom and the side slope is paved by M10 mortar rubble to be 5cm thick, and mortar is used for facing. The river course paving mode is shown in figure 4.
Then, replacing and filling the open cut tunnel foundation pit foundation;
the open cut tunnel foundation pit is excavated by adopting slope discharging, the dredging slope ratio is 1:2.5, the broken stone soil layer is on a slope discharging basis according to 1:0.5, the excavation is carried out according to the principles of 'excavating from top to bottom and supporting at the same time', the excavation height is not more than 1m in each cycle, the stability of the foundation pit slope is enhanced and observed during construction, and hole slag is adopted for compaction treatment when necessary; the open cut tunnel foundation pit foundation is dug to bedrock when being replaced and filled, the side slope is supported by adopting temporary anchor spraying, and the foundation pit foundation is replaced and filled by adopting C20 concrete, as shown in figure 5.
Then constructing an open cut tunnel lining and a waterproof structure 13;
as shown in FIG 6 and FIG 7, the open cut tunnel lining is made of waterproof C35 reinforced concrete with the impervious grade of P8, the circumferential main reinforcement 14 of the lining is made of phi 22 screw-thread reinforcing steel bars, the longitudinal spacing is 20cm, the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars 15 are made of phi 12 screw-thread reinforcing steel bars, the secondary lining is made of C35 concrete, and the thickness is 55cm.
As shown in FIG. 8, the outer surface of the arch wall 12 is firstly coated with asphalt twice, then waterproof coiled materials and non-woven fabrics are paved to serve as a waterproof protection structure 16, waterproof plates 17 and/or waterproof pipes are paved and hung on the outer side of the waterproof protection structure, and when the waterproof plates are paved and hung, brick wall protective layers 19 are paved on the outer side. Generally, a drain pipe 10 communicating with a waterproof panel is disposed in an open cut tunnel lining and waterproof structure. The lap joint of the waterproof coiled material and the blind hole is not less than 50cm, and lap joint treatment is carried out. Typically, the flashing is made in tubular form, or double-walled perforated PVC tubing is laid outside the waterproof protective structure. For example, the overlap joint of the waterproof protection measure and the waterproof board should be hot-melt welded by an automatic crawling type heat sealing machine with double welding lines, temperature regulation and speed regulation heat wedge functions.
S6, constructing an arch protection structure;
and C25 concrete is adopted for symmetrically pouring the arch protector. As shown in fig. 9, the protecting arch is made of C25 concrete, the thickness of the protecting arch is not less than 1.5m, the width of the protecting arch foundation is not less than 3m, the protecting arch is symmetrically poured, and C15 stone concrete is applied to the arch springing of the protecting arch to backfill the corner protecting wall 20, so that bias voltage is prevented, and the overall structure stability of the protecting arch and the open cut tunnel is ensured. The outside of the open cut tunnel arch protection adopts hole slag back pressure backfill, the backfill of the wall back is symmetrically carried out at two sides, the hole slag is backfilled layer by layer, each layer is tamped layer by layer, the thickness of each layer is not more than 0.3m, the backfill height difference at two sides is not more than 0.5m, after backfilling to 1m above the vault, mechanical rolling can be adopted, and measures for preventing a waterproof layer from being damaged should be adopted when the open cut tunnel is backfilled.
According to the construction method provided by the invention, the open cut tunnel is constructed in the hidden river by arranging the open cut tunnel in the drainage tunnel, the long-term stability of the drainage tunnel is ensured by adopting a protection mode of combining an initial support and a second lining, the open cut tunnel foundation pit excavation can be carried out after the construction of the drainage tunnel is completed, foundation replacement, cushion layers and reinforced concrete open cut tunnel lining are timely carried out after the foundation pit excavation is completed, and the open cut tunnel protection measure construction is carried out after the main body structure is completed, so that a space tunnel passing through the high and large karst tunnel of the hidden river is formed. The traditional processes of various tunnels are effectively combined, the construction technology is mature and reliable, and the working method is popular and easy to understand. The technical problem of the high and large karst cave construction of the complicated geological hidden river is solved in practice, the working efficiency of the tunnel passing through the poor geology is improved, the construction risk is reduced, and the construction safety quality is guaranteed.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave of the covered river section is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
s1, constructing a drain hole;
constructing an initial support at the intersection of the horizontal drainage tunnel and the main tunnel, and installing a fireproof door at the intersection of the horizontal drainage tunnel and the main tunnel;
constructing a horizontal drainage tunnel until the construction reaches the intersection of the main drainage tunnel, and then constructing the main drainage tunnel in a bidirectional manner outside the tunnel and inside the hidden river respectively;
s2, paving a river channel at a start point hole of the water drainage hole and constructing a retaining dam;
firstly, constructing an opening side by adopting a mode of changing a temporary river channel and constructing a cofferdam in a framing manner, and paving and retaining a dam on the outside of the construction after a water discharge hole is opened;
s3, replacing and filling the foundation of the open cut tunnel foundation pit;
adopting slope-releasing excavation, wherein the excavation height is not more than 1m in each cycle, strengthening and observing the stability of a foundation pit slope during construction, and compacting by adopting hole slag;
s4, constructing open cut tunnel lining;
adopting waterproof C35 reinforced concrete with the impervious grade of P8, adopting phi 22 screw-thread steel bars as lining circumferential main bars, and adopting phi 12 screw-thread steel bars as longitudinal steel bars;
s5, constructing a waterproof structure;
asphalt is firstly thermally smeared on the outer surface of the arch wall twice, and then waterproof coiled materials and non-woven fabrics are paved to be used as a waterproof protection structure; paving a waterproof board on the outer side, and paving a brick wall protection layer on the outer side of the waterproof board; arranging a drain pipe communicated with the waterproof board in the open cut tunnel lining and the waterproof structure;
s6, constructing an arch protection structure;
symmetrically pouring a protecting arch by adopting C25 concrete;
during construction, the open cut tunnel is constructed in the hidden river by changing the drainage tunnel into the hidden river, the drainage tunnel adopts a protection mode of combining an initial support and a secondary lining, so that long-term stability of the drainage tunnel is ensured, the open cut tunnel foundation pit is excavated after the construction of the drainage tunnel is completed, foundation replacement, cushion layers and reinforced concrete open cut tunnel lining are constructed after the excavation of the foundation pit is completed, and open cut tunnel protection measures are constructed after the main structure is completed.
2. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the arch protection is not less than 1.5m, and the width of the arch protection foundation is not less than 3m.
3. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and adopting 20b I-steel as a stiffening measure of the primary support.
4. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: mortar anchor rods are arranged in the lining of the drain hole, and reinforcing steel bars arranged on the side wall and the arch part of the lining of the drain hole are welded at the exposed ends of the anchor rods to form a reinforcing steel bar net.
5. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section, which is characterized in that: the drain hole lining comprises a lining bottom plate, an shotcrete layer on the upper side of the lining bottom plate and a modeling plain concrete layer on the outer side of the shotcrete layer.
6. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section, which is characterized in that: I16I-steel is arranged in the sprayed concrete layer.
7. The construction method of the open cut tunnel of the high and large karst cave in the covered river section according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the foundation pit foundation is replaced and filled by C20 concrete.
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| CN202111522814.8A CN114277700B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Construction method of open cut tunnel of high and large karst cave in hidden river section |
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| CN202111522814.8A CN114277700B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Construction method of open cut tunnel of high and large karst cave in hidden river section |
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| CN114277700B true CN114277700B (en) | 2023-12-29 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111894641A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-06 | 陕西省高速公路建设集团公司 | Treatment and construction process for tunnel to penetrate through super-huge water-containing cavity karst cave |
| CN113622956A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-09 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Construction method for high-speed railway double-track tunnel to penetrate through vertical mud gushing karst cave |
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2021
- 2021-12-14 CN CN202111522814.8A patent/CN114277700B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111894641A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-06 | 陕西省高速公路建设集团公司 | Treatment and construction process for tunnel to penetrate through super-huge water-containing cavity karst cave |
| CN113622956A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-09 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Construction method for high-speed railway double-track tunnel to penetrate through vertical mud gushing karst cave |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘彦波.荷香隧道穿越岩溶暗河处治设计.《西部探矿工程》 .2019,第31卷(第010期),第191-193页. * |
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