CN114264792A - Water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device and test method - Google Patents
Water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device and a test method, and belongs to the technical field of coal mining. The device comprises an annular flow passage; the crack simulation unit is arranged at the bottom of the annular flow channel, a plurality of crack channels penetrate from the top to the bottom, and the inside of the annular flow channel is communicated with the outside of the bottom through the crack channels; the water supply unit is used for injecting water into the annular flow channel; a turbine for controlling the velocity of the water flow in the annular flow passage; the monitoring meter is used for monitoring the change of the bottom flow velocity in the annular flow channel; the water sand collecting unit is used for collecting water sand flowing out of the fracture simulation unit; the PIV probe is used for recording the speed of the water sand in the fracture simulation unit; and the terminal is used for carrying out data processing. The invention can more intuitively observe and research the flow law of water inrush and sand inrush water and sand inrush under complex strata, and the obtained research result can help to know the evolution mechanism of water inrush and sand inrush disaster, thereby providing guarantee for coal mine safety mining and underground engineering safety construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device and a test method.
Background
The water burst and sand burst disaster is a typical geological disaster which occurs in western mining areas, and because the area has geological characteristics of a thick loose layer and a thin bedrock and strong disturbance caused by mechanical mining easily induces rock stratum damage, a water-sand mixture flows into a driving roadway and a working face along cracks, so that a water burst and sand burst accident with great harm is caused; similarly, when the underground space of the city is constructed including the subway and the tunnel, the water sand collapse disaster can be met due to improper construction.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to know the occurrence process and key influence factors of the water inrush and sand inrush disaster to provide corresponding protective measures to ensure the smooth operation of the actual engineering, but because the complete water inrush and sand inrush process cannot be visually observed in the underground closed space, the research on the water inrush and sand inrush disaster needs to be carried out by means of the similar simulation in a laboratory.
At present, a plurality of water inrush and sand inrush test devices exist, but the research problem of the test devices is single, and the influence of complex stratum distribution is not fully considered; the confined aquifer is realized by means of the height of a water head, and the integral change gradient is small; and the severity of the water inrush and sand inrush disaster under the circulation of flowing water is not considered, and a certain gap exists between the severity and the real reproduction of the stratum water inrush and sand inrush disaster.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a water inrush and sand inrush sand migration simulation test apparatus, including:
an annular flow passage;
the crack simulation unit is arranged at the bottom of the annular flow channel, a plurality of crack channels penetrate from the top to the bottom, and the inside of the annular flow channel is communicated with the outside of the bottom through the crack channels;
the water supply unit is arranged beside the annular flow passage and used for injecting water into the annular flow passage;
the turbine is arranged in the annular flow passage and is used for controlling the water flow speed in the annular flow passage;
the monitoring meter is arranged at the bottom in the annular flow channel and used for monitoring the flow velocity change of the bottom in the annular flow channel;
the water sand collecting unit is arranged below the annular flow channel and used for collecting water sand flowing out of the fracture simulation unit;
the PIV probe is arranged in front of the fracture simulation unit and used for recording the speed of the water sand in the fracture simulation unit;
and the terminal is in signal connection with the PIV probe and the monitoring meter and is used for processing data.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the annular flow channel and the fracture simulation unit are both made of acrylic plates.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test device of the embodiment of the invention, optionally,
the crack simulation unit is detachably connected with the annular flow channel;
the crack simulation units are provided with a plurality of different crack channels which are respectively simulated and arranged;
the top of the crack simulation unit is connected with a baffle in a sliding mode and used for closing/opening a crack channel.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the monitor is further used for monitoring the pressure change of the bottom in the annular flow channel.
According to the water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the water sand collecting unit further comprises:
the transmission guide rail is arranged right below the annular flow channel, and the shape of the transmission guide rail is matched with the shape of the cross section of the annular flow channel;
the driving piece drives the transmission guide rail to move;
the water sand collecting box is arranged on the transmission guide rail and is used for collecting water sand flowing out of the fracture simulation unit;
and the wireless sensor is arranged at the bottom of the water sand collecting box and used for monitoring the water sand quality, and the wireless sensor is in signal connection with the terminal.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test device of the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the device further comprises a layering unit, which comprises:
the baffle plate is matched with the inner shape of the annular flow passage, and the baffle plate is detachably arranged in the annular flow passage;
a plurality of openings are formed in the partition plate in a penetrating manner;
the number of the magnet buoyancy balls is matched with that of the openings, and the magnet buoyancy balls are arranged below the openings in a matched mode.
According to another aspect of the invention, a water inrush sand bursting water sand migration simulation test method is provided, based on the water inrush sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device of the invention,
according to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the following steps are included:
firstly, only arranging a water layer in an annular flow channel, and researching water inrush effects of different fracture simulation units and different flow rates;
secondly, only arranging a sand layer in the annular flow channel, and researching the sand bursting flow rate and the final form of sand with different fracture simulation units and different particle sizes;
setting a sand layer and a water layer in the annular flow passage from bottom to top in sequence, closing a baffle at the top of the fracture simulation unit, aligning the shooting position of the PIV probe to the upper part of the top of the fracture simulation unit, observing the starting phenomenon of suspended and mobile sand in water under different water flow velocities, and reproducing the sand migration process by using a lattice Boltzmann method and a discrete element coupling method to perform simulation parameter calibration compared with the sand velocity extracted by the PIV probe;
setting a sand layer and a water layer in the annular flow channel from bottom to top in sequence, opening a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit, shooting the water inrush and sand inrush situation through a PIV probe, constructing a water inrush and sand inrush initial water-sand mixed flow maximum bursting quantity calculation model, and constructing a flow calculation model during water-sand migration based on a dimensional analysis method;
and fifthly, combining the parameters calibrated in the third step and the model in the fourth step, simulating the water sand flowing process in the fracture channel, obtaining the maximum particle flowing speed, comparing the maximum particle flowing speed with the image pickup result of the PIV probe, and correcting to realize the numerical simulation calculation of the actual engineering problem.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the fourth step further includes:
sequentially arranging a water layer and a sand layer in the annular flow passage from bottom to top, arranging a layering unit between the water layer and the sand layer, opening a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit, shooting the water inrush and sand inrush conditions through a PIV probe, constructing a water inrush and sand inrush initial water-sand mixed flow maximum bursting quantity calculation model, and constructing a flow calculation model during water-sand migration based on a dimensional analysis method;
and combining the test result of sequentially arranging a sand layer and a water layer in the annular runner from bottom to top and the test result of sequentially arranging the water layer and the sand layer in the annular runner from bottom to top, and constructing a water-sand transfer model frame during water inrush and sand inrush.
According to the water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test method provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the method further comprises the following steps:
and sixthly, laying multiple layers by combining an actual engineering model, completing actual engineering prediction and supplementing the constructed water-sand migration model framework during water inrush and sand bursting.
According to the water-bursting sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test method of the embodiment of the invention, optionally, in the fourth step, the calculation model of the maximum bursting amount of the initial water-sand mixed flow of the water-bursting sand-bursting is,
wherein W is the maximum bursting amount, D0Is the diameter of the orifice, dpIs the particle diameter, pBIs the particle bulk density, W0The unit mass flow of the dry sand at an orifice, C is a dimensionless quantity related to the friction properties of particles and a fracture channel, and delta P is the pressure difference below and above the fracture channel of the fracture simulation unit;
the flow calculation model during water sand migration is as follows,
wherein Q is the flow rate of water sand during transportation, C*And C1Are all constant, Δ P is hydraulic pressure difference, ρwIs the fluid density.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the water inrush sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device is low in cost, easy to manufacture, stable in measurement and convenient to use according to a modular assembly concept, can conveniently simulate the influence of the bearing size of a water-bearing layer, the thickness of a sand layer and the roughness of a stratum on the water sand migration rule, and can dynamically monitor the water sand flowing condition in real time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a water-inrush sand-bursting water sand migration simulation test device of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a fracture simulation unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a hierarchical element of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of the present invention simulating water sand flow in a fracture channel;
reference numerals:
1. an annular flow passage;
2. a fracture simulation unit;
3. a water supply unit; 30. a water tank; 31. a water pump; 32. a water injection port;
4. a turbine;
5. a monitoring meter;
6. a water sand collecting unit; 60. a drive rail; 61. a drive member; 62. a water sand collecting box; 63. a wireless sensor;
7. a PIV probe;
8. a terminal;
9. a layering unit; 90. a partition plate; 91. opening a hole; 92. the magnet buoyancy ball.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The water inrush and sand bursting water sand migration simulation test device of the embodiment comprises an annular flow channel 1, a fracture simulation unit 2, a water supply unit 3, a turbine 4, a monitor 5, a water sand collection unit 6, a PIV probe 7, a terminal 8 and a layering unit 9, as shown in FIG. 1.
The annular flow passage 1 is in a runway shape, the total length of the annular flow passage 1 is 2m, the height is 1m, the width is 0.1m, two straight passages with the length of 0.5m and two semicircular arc-shaped passages are spliced to form the annular flow passage 1, the annular flow passage 1 formed by the annular flow passage 1 is made of acrylic plates, the flowing process of internal water sand can be conveniently observed through the annular flow passage 1 formed by the materials, the strength is reliable, and the annular flow passage can bear larger water pressure.
The fracture simulation unit 2 is used for simulating fracture channels of a complex bottom layer and is arranged at the bottom of the annular flow channel 1, a plurality of fracture channels are formed in the fracture simulation unit 2 of the embodiment in a penetrating mode from the top to the bottom, furthermore, the fracture simulation unit 2 of the embodiment is detachably connected with the annular flow channel 1, the fracture simulation units 2 are various, as shown in fig. 2, the various fracture simulation units 2 respectively simulate different types of stratum environment fracture channels, and the top surface shape of the fracture simulation unit 2 is designed differently according to geological characteristics; the bottom in the annular flow passage 1 is communicated with the outside of the bottom through a fracture channel of the fracture simulation unit 2, and water and sand in the annular flow passage 1 can flow out by taking the fracture channel as a water-bursting sand-bursting port.
In this embodiment, the fracture simulation unit 2 is also made by the acrylic plate, conveniently observes, has the baffle at the top sliding connection of fracture simulation unit 2, opens the baffle when the fracture passageway water sand bursting condition of needs observation, closes the baffle when need not observe.
The water supply unit 3 of this embodiment is used for filling water into the annular flow channel 1, and the water supply unit 3 includes a water tank 30, a water pump 31 and a water filling port 32, and the water filling port 32 is provided above the annular flow channel 1, and the water in the water tank 30 is pumped by the water pump 31 to supply a water source into the annular flow channel 1.
The turbine 4 is arranged in the annular flow channel 1, more specifically, arranged at the bottom in the annular flow channel 1, and the turbine 4 is used for generating water flow with a certain speed in the annular flow channel 1 to meet different test requirements.
This embodiment bottom is equipped with monitoring meter 5 in annular channel 1, and monitoring meter 5 is used for monitoring rivers through the velocity of flow change condition and the pressure change condition of gushing out water sand bursting mouth, and then is convenient for follow-up carry out the analysis to the water sand law of flowing.
In the embodiment, a water sand collecting unit 6 is arranged below the annular flow channel 1 and is used for collecting water sand flowing out of the fracture simulation unit 5; further, the water sand collecting unit 6 comprises a transmission guide rail 60, a driving piece 61, a water sand collecting box 62 and a wireless sensor 63; wherein, the transmission guide rail 60 is arranged right below the annular flow passage 1 and is in a runway shape matched with the cross section shape of the annular flow passage 1, more specifically, the transmission guide rail 60 is an annular transmission belt, and the speed of the transmission guide rail is adjustable; the driving part 61 is in transmission connection with the transmission guide rail 60, and the driving part 61 is a motor and drives the transmission guide rail 60 to move; placed water sand collecting box 62 on drive rail 60, collect the water sand mixed liquid that crack simulation unit 2 flows out in the constant time, water sand collecting box 62 has a plurality of in this embodiment to lean on placing, and be equipped with wireless sensor 63 in each water sand collecting box 62 bottom, the water sand weight in the monitoring water sand collecting box 62.
In the embodiment, a PIV probe 7 is arranged in front of the fracture simulation unit 2, and the speed of the water sand in the fracture channel is recorded by an example image velocimetry method.
The terminal 8 of this embodiment is the computer, this testing arrangement is in experimental each parameter information that gathers sends to the computer through signal transmission, monitor 5 with rivers through the velocity of flow change and the pressure variation data transmission to the computer of gushing water sand bursting mouth, wireless sensor 63 transmits the water sand weight data to the computer in the water sand collecting box 62, water sand velocity of flow and flow transmission to computer when PIV probe 7 will gush water sand bursting, carry out the analysis of water sand flow law in the computer, and then reach analogue test's purpose.
Further, when carrying out the simulation test, generally need set up water layer sand bed in annular runner 1 simultaneously, and need simulate the phenomenon of bursting sand after the water inrush earlier, therefore, this embodiment has still set up layered unit 9, layered unit 9 includes baffle 90, trompil 91 and magnetite buoyancy ball 92, baffle 90 and annular runner 1 internal shape phase-match, baffle 90 can be dismantled and arrange in annular runner 1, seted up a plurality of trompils 91 on baffle 90, every trompil 91 below all is equipped with magnetite buoyancy ball 92, layered unit 9 is when using, baffle 90 arranges in between water layer and the sand bed, separate water layer and sand bed, as shown in fig. 3, trompil 91 on baffle 90 can supply sand to flow downwards, initially block trompil 91 through buoyancy magnetite ball 92, when the surface of water descends, magnetite buoyancy ball 92 and baffle 90 produce the gap, guarantee that sand can get into the water layer.
The simulation test device for water bursting and sand bursting water sand migration is designed according to modular assembly, is low in cost, easy to manufacture, stable in measurement and convenient to use, can conveniently simulate the influence of the pressure bearing size of a water-bearing layer, the thickness of a sand layer and the roughness of a stratum on the water sand migration rule, and can dynamically monitor the water sand flowing condition in real time.
Example 2
The water inrush sand inrush water sand inrush migration simulation test method of the embodiment is based on the water inrush sand inrush water sand inrush migration simulation test device of the embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:
firstly, only a water layer is arranged in the annular flow passage 1, and water inrush effects of different fracture simulation units 2 and different flow rates are researched, so that basic parameters of the fluid can be determined.
Secondly, only a sand layer is arranged in the annular flow passage 1, and the sand bursting flow speed and the final form of the sand with different fracture simulation units 2 and different grain sizes are researched, so that the property of the sand can be set in the simulation.
Thirdly, a sand layer and a water layer are sequentially arranged in the annular flow channel 1 from bottom to top, a baffle plate at the top of the fracture simulation unit 2 is closed, the shooting position of the PIV probe 7 is aligned to the upper part of the top of the fracture simulation unit 2, the starting phenomenon of suspended and migrated sand in water at different water flow velocities is observed, the sand extraction speed of the PIV probe is used as the basis of simulation parameter calibration, the sand migration process is reproduced by using a lattice Boltzmann method and a discrete element coupling method, and the simulation parameter calibration is carried out by comparing the sand extraction speed of the PIV probe 7, so that the motion rule of sand in water can be analyzed by using a numerical calculation method.
Fourthly, sequentially arranging a sand layer and a water layer in the annular flow channel 1 from bottom to top, opening a baffle at the top of the fracture simulation unit 2, shooting the water inrush and sand inrush conditions through a PIV probe 7, constructing a maximum water-sand inrush amount calculation model of initial water-sand mixed flow of water inrush and sand inrush, and constructing a flow calculation model during water-sand migration based on a dimensional analysis method;
sequentially arranging a water layer and a sand layer in the annular runner 1 from bottom to top, arranging a layering unit 9 between the water layer and the sand layer to ensure sand crushing after water inrush, opening a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit 2, shooting the water inrush and sand crushing condition through a PIV probe 7, constructing a maximum sand inrush amount calculation model of initial water-sand mixed flow of water inrush and sand crushing, and constructing a flow calculation model during water-sand migration based on a dimensional analysis method;
and combining the test result of sequentially arranging a sand layer and a water layer in the annular runner 1 from bottom to top and the test result of sequentially arranging the water layer and the sand layer in the annular runner 1 from bottom to top, and constructing a water-sand transfer model frame during water inrush and sand inrush.
Wherein the calculation model of the maximum bursting amount of the initial water-sand mixed flow of water bursting and sand bursting is as follows,
w is the maximum bursting quantity, can be obtained by screening and weighing the water sand collecting box 62 to obtain the maximum value,
D0is the diameter of the opening of the crack channel,
dpthe diameter of the particles is the diameter of the particles,
ρBfor particle bulk density, by particle density ρsCalculated from the voidage ε, expressed as ρB＝ρs(1-ε)，
W0The unit mass flow of the dry sand at the orifice can effectively represent the condition that the dry sand falls under the dead weight when the pressure difference is zero, and the test in the second step of simply crushing the sand is carried out to obtain the dry sand,
c is a dimensionless quantity related to the friction property of particles and fracture channels,
the delta P is the pressure difference between the lower part and the upper part of a fracture channel of the fracture simulation unit 2, the air is communicated with the lower part of the fracture channel, the pressure is atmospheric pressure, the pressure above the fracture channel can be obtained by a monitoring meter 5,
the C values under different fracture channels can be obtained through the calculation model, and further, the functional relation between the C and the fracture width and the fracture roughness can be constructed, and a specific empirical formula can be provided according to practical problems.
The method for constructing the flow calculation model during water sand migration based on the dimensional analysis method comprises the following steps:
the upper part of the fracture channel is driven by hydraulic pressure difference delta P, and the density of the fluid is rhowCoefficient of dynamic viscosity is mu, density of particles is rhosThe radius is r, the occupied area volume is V, the assumed collision is elastic collision, the elastic modulus E, the wall surface roughness is epsilon, the pipeline width is D, the length is S, the throat width is D, the length is S', and the final flow is Q;
the most critical driving factor in the actual water inrush and sand bursting problem is the hydraulic pressure difference Δ P, and the present embodiment focuses on the relationship between Q and the hydraulic pressure difference Δ P, wherein the total number of parameters is 13, and Q ═ f (Δ P, ρ) can be written asw,μ,ρsR, V, E, epsilon, D, S, D), and analyzing the dimensions of the respective parameters, as shown in the table,
the basic dimension is L, M, T, and according to the Pi theorem, 10 dimensionless dimensions are selected from the model, and the delta P and the rho are selectedwD as the repetition dimension, there can be obtained:
wherein, considering the condition of rough wall surface, considering the water-sand mixed flow channel to be large enough compared with the crack, considering the flow at the crack outlet only under the condition that the diameter of sand is far smaller than the width of the crack, neglecting |4,∏7,∏8,∏9,∏10The effect of (c) can be found in the expression of Q:
the dynamic viscosity coefficient mu represents the flow field influence, the elastic modulus E represents the particle influence, and according to the research discovery of G.L. Barenblatt, each physical problem can be represented by a power function of each variable related to the physical problem, and the function can be further expanded to obtain an approximate expression of Q:
wherein C is0、C1、C2、C3The water-bursting and sand-bursting pressure sensor is constant and influenced by other parameters, the numerical value of the water-bursting and sand-bursting pressure sensor can be determined through simulation, the relation between the flow and the pressure can be analyzed in an important way considering that the sand content in the actual water-bursting and sand-bursting is basically stable and the pressure gradient in the stratum can be influenced by mining to change violently
Is a constant and can be
And
simultaneous elimination, the above formula is transformed into:
wherein C is*Is constant and is subjected to
And
parameter influence, hydraulic pressure difference delta P is obtained by the manometer, Q can be directly weighed by water sand collecting box 62 and is obtained, also can be obtained by indirect calculation of the speed of PIV probe 7 seizure, and the computational formula is: and Q is Av, and A is the calculated infinitesimal cross-sectional area.
And fifthly, simulating the water sand flowing process in the fracture channel by combining the parameters calibrated in the third step and the model calibrated in the fourth step, and correcting the obtained maximum particle flowing speed by comparing with the image pickup result of the PIV probe 7 as shown in fig. 4 so as to realize numerical simulation calculation of the actual engineering problem.
It should be noted that the experiment of this embodiment is designed for observing and analyzing the water-inrush sand-bursting phenomenon, the formation process of the water-inrush sand-bursting mouth is not considered for the moment, and it is assumed that the flow equation of the water-inrush sand-bursting in the initial fracture is the same as the flow equation obtained in this experiment.
And sixthly, laying multiple layers by combining an actual engineering model, completing actual engineering prediction and supplementing the constructed water-sand migration model framework during water inrush and sand bursting.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a gushing water sand bursting water sand migration analogue test device which characterized in that includes:
an annular flow passage (1);
the crack simulation unit (2) is arranged at the bottom of the annular flow channel (1), a plurality of crack channels are formed in the crack simulation unit (2) in a penetrating mode from the top to the bottom, and the interior of the annular flow channel (1) is communicated with the outside of the bottom through the crack channels;
the water supply unit (3) is arranged beside the annular flow channel (1) and is used for injecting water into the annular flow channel (1);
the turbine (4) is arranged in the annular flow channel (1) and is used for controlling the water flow speed in the annular flow channel (1);
the monitoring meter (5) is arranged at the bottom in the annular flow channel (1) and is used for monitoring the flow velocity change of the bottom in the annular flow channel (1);
the water sand collecting unit (6) is arranged below the annular flow channel (1) and is used for collecting water sand flowing out of the fracture simulation unit (2);
the PIV probe (7) is arranged in front of the fracture simulation unit (2) and is used for recording the speed of the water sand in the fracture simulation unit (2);
and the terminal (8) is in signal connection with the PIV probe (7) and the monitoring meter (5) and is used for processing data.
2. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the annular flow channel (1) and the crack simulation unit (2) are both made of acrylic plates.
3. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test device according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the crack simulation unit (2) is detachably connected with the annular flow channel (1);
the crack simulation units (2) are provided with a plurality of different crack channels which are respectively simulated and arranged;
the top of the crack simulation unit (2) is connected with a baffle in a sliding manner and used for closing/opening a crack channel.
4. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the monitoring meter (5) is also used for monitoring the pressure change of the bottom in the annular flow passage (1).
5. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water-sand collecting unit (6) further comprises:
the transmission guide rail (60) is arranged right below the annular flow channel (1) and is matched with the cross section of the annular flow channel (1) in shape;
a driving member (61) which drives the transmission guide rail (60) to move;
the water sand collecting box (62) is arranged on the transmission guide rail (60) and is used for collecting water sand flowing out of the crack simulation unit (2);
and the wireless sensor (63) is arranged at the bottom of the water sand collecting box (62) and used for monitoring the water sand quality, and the wireless sensor (63) is in signal connection with the terminal (8).
6. The water inrush and sand inrush water sand migration simulation test device according to claim 5, further comprising a layering unit (9) including:
the baffle plate (90) is matched with the inner shape of the annular flow passage (1), and the baffle plate (90) is detachably arranged in the annular flow passage (1);
a plurality of openings (91) which are arranged on the partition board (90) in a penetrating way;
and the number of the magnet buoyancy balls (92) is matched with that of the openings (91), and the magnet buoyancy balls are arranged below the openings (91) in a matching manner.
7. A water inrush sand inrush water sand inrush migration simulation test method is characterized in that the water inrush sand inrush water sand inrush migration simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps:
firstly, only arranging a water layer in the annular flow passage (1), and researching water inrush effects of different fracture simulation units (2) and different flow rates;
secondly, only arranging a sand layer in the annular flow passage (1), and researching the sand bursting flow rate and the final form of the sand with different fracture simulation units (2) and different particle sizes;
thirdly, a sand layer and a water layer are sequentially arranged in the annular flow channel (1) from bottom to top, a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit (2) is closed, the shooting position of the PIV probe (7) is aligned to the upper part of the top of the fracture simulation unit (2), the starting phenomenon of suspended load sand in water under different water flow velocities is observed, and a grid Boltzmann method and a discrete element coupling method are utilized to reproduce the sand grain migration process and compare the sand grain velocity extracted by the PIV probe (7) to calibrate simulation parameters;
fourthly, sequentially arranging a sand layer and a water layer in the annular flow passage (1) from bottom to top, opening a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit (2), shooting the water inrush and sand inrush conditions through a PIV probe (7), constructing a water-sand mixed flow maximum bursting quantity calculation model at the initial water inrush and sand inrush, and constructing a flow calculation model during water sand migration based on a dimensional analysis method;
and fifthly, combining the parameters calibrated in the third step and the model in the fourth step, simulating the water sand flowing process in the fracture channel, comparing the maximum flowing speed of the particles with the image pickup result of the PIV probe (7), and correcting to realize the numerical simulation calculation of the actual engineering problem.
8. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test method according to claim 7, wherein the fourth step further comprises:
a water layer and a sand layer are sequentially arranged in the annular flow passage (1) from bottom to top, a layering unit (9) is arranged between the water layer and the sand layer, a top baffle of the fracture simulation unit (2) is opened, the water inrush and sand inrush condition is shot through a PIV probe (7), a maximum water-sand inrush quantity calculation model of initial water-sand mixed flow of water inrush and sand inrush is constructed, and a flow calculation model during water-sand migration is constructed based on a dimensional analysis method;
and combining the test result of sequentially arranging a sand layer and a water layer in the annular runner (1) from bottom to top and the test result of sequentially arranging the water layer and the sand layer in the annular runner (1) from bottom to top, and constructing a water-sand transfer model frame during water inrush and sand inrush.
9. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test method according to claim 8, further comprising:
and sixthly, laying multiple layers by combining an actual engineering model, completing actual engineering prediction and supplementing the constructed water-sand migration model framework during water inrush and sand bursting.
10. The water-inrush sand-bursting water-sand migration simulation test method according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the calculation model of the maximum bursting amount of the initial water-sand mixed flow of water bursting and sand bursting is as follows,
wherein W is the maximum bursting amount, D0Is the diameter of the orifice, dpIs the particle diameter, pBIs the particle bulk density, W0The unit mass flow of the dry sand at the orifice is shown, C is a dimensionless quantity related to the friction properties of particles and a fracture channel, and delta P is the pressure difference below and above the fracture channel of the fracture simulation unit (2);
the flow calculation model during water sand migration is as follows,
wherein Q is the flow rate of water sand during transportation, C*And C1Are all constant, Δ P is hydraulic pressure difference, ρwIs the fluid density.
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