CN114258968B - Temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine and regulation and control method - Google Patents
Temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine and regulation and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114258968B CN114258968B CN202111674418.7A CN202111674418A CN114258968B CN 114258968 B CN114258968 B CN 114258968B CN 202111674418 A CN202111674418 A CN 202111674418A CN 114258968 B CN114258968 B CN 114258968B
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 173
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000020279 black tea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine, which comprises a box body, a polyester mesh conveyor belt, a fog pipe, a premixing device, a floor fan, a wall-hanging type exhaust fan and a top exhaust fan, wherein a tea inlet for throwing tea leaves to be fermented is formed above the box body, three polyester mesh conveyor belts are arranged in a fermentation chamber, an external motor drives a power gear to rotate through chain transmission so as to provide power for the polyester mesh conveyor belts, and the polyester mesh conveyor belts are an upper polyester mesh conveyor belt, a middle polyester mesh conveyor belt and a lower polyester mesh conveyor belt in sequence from top to bottom; according to the invention, the hot and humid mist meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity conditions is mixed in the premixing device in advance and then is introduced into the fermentation chamber to supply temperature and humidity for the fermentation leaves, so that the uniformity of the fermentation environment temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber is improved, and the consistency of the fermentation quality of the black tea is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea processing, in particular to a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine and a regulation method.
Background
Black tea fermentation is a key process in the whole black tea processing process, and high-quality black tea can be prepared only by the fermentation process in place. The material change in the fermentation process is closely related to factors such as temperature, humidity, time and the like, and the quality of the black tea is not improved due to the fact that the temperature and the humidity are too high or low. At present, the black tea is mostly fermented in a special fermentation chamber or fermentation box, the degree of automation is low, the uniformity of temperature and humidity in the fermentation environment is difficult to ensure, and the quality and the production efficiency of tea are seriously affected. Although many black tea fermentation machines have been purposefully developed in recent years, there are problems with these machines.
For example, "a black tea fermentation device" disclosed in the chinese patent publication CN 211020818U adopts a water-bath heating mode to adjust the fermentation temperature, so that the fermentation leaves are heated more uniformly, a spray nozzle is arranged above the fermentation leaves to spray water for fermentation She Jiashi, and a set of control system is arranged to ensure the temperature and humidity uniformity of the fermentation environment. However, the feeding and discharging of tea leaves in the fermentation bed still depends on manual work, the degree of automation is still lacking, and the full automation of a discontinuous design production line is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of low automation degree and poor uniformity of temperature and humidity in a fermentation environment of the traditional black tea fermentation device, and provides a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine and a regulation method, which can meet the fermentation requirement of keeping the fermentation temperature and humidity uniform.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a humiture premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine, includes box, polyester net conveyer belt, fog pipe, premixing device, floor fan, wall-hanging air discharge fan and top air discharge fan, the tea inlet that is used for throwing into the tealeaves that wait to ferment is offered to the box top, is provided with three polyester net conveyer belts in the fermentation chamber, and outside motor drives power gear through chain drive and rotates and turn to provide power for the polyester net conveyer belt, and the polyester net conveyer belt is upper polyester net conveyer belt, middle level polyester net conveyer belt and lower floor polyester net conveyer belt from top to bottom in proper order, the entry end of upper polyester net conveyer belt sets up under the tea inlet, and the entry end of middle level polyester net conveyer belt sets up under the entry end of upper polyester net conveyer belt, and the entry end of lower floor polyester net conveyer belt sets up under the middle level polyester net conveyer belt exit end, and stretches out the discharge gate that the box lateral wall offered stretches out of box;
Three pairs of fog pipes are arranged in the fermentation chamber, each pair of fog pipes is matched with the polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes are arranged on two sides above the corresponding polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes are connected with a premixing device arranged outside the box body through fog conveying pipes, and an air feeding pump is arranged in the middle of each fog conveying pipe; the hot and humid mist generated by the premixing device is pumped into a mist conveying pipe by an air supply pump and then is introduced into a mist pipe, fine small holes are formed in the mist pipe, and the mist is sprayed out of the small holes to heat and humidify tea leaves to be fermented on a polyester mesh conveying belt in a fermentation room;
A mist outlet is arranged above the premixing device, a mist circulating port is arranged on the side wall of the premixing device, and the mist outlet is connected with a mist conveying pipe; a plurality of mist recycling hoses are arranged above the discharge port of the fermentation chamber and connected with a mist circulating port on the side wall of the premixing device, and are used for sending the mist in the fermentation chamber back to the premixing device for recycling; the inside of the premixing device is divided into an upper area and a lower area by a baffle plate, the upper partial area is a premixing area, and the lower partial area is provided with a water tank and an ultrasonic humidifier; the two fin heating pipes are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device, and are arranged in parallel up and down respectively; the water tank is connected with a hot water conveying pipe, the hot water conveying pipe is connected with two fin heating pipes arranged in the premixing area, and water heated by the water tank flows into the fin heating pipes through the hot water conveying pipe to supply temperature for premixed mist; the two pairs of humidifying pipes are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device, the upper part and the lower part of the two pairs of humidifying pipes are respectively matched with the fin heating pipes, and each pair of humidifying pipes is arranged in parallel with the matched fin heating pipes; the ultrasonic humidifier is connected with two moisture conveying pipes, the two moisture conveying pipes are connected with two pairs of humidifying pipes arranged in the premixing area, and moisture generated by the ultrasonic humidifier is introduced into the humidifying pipes through the moisture conveying pipes to supply moisture for premixed fog in the premixing area;
The outer wall of the premixing device is provided with a scheduling controller, and the scheduling controller can set temperature and humidity parameters of the premixed mist and is used for controlling the temperature and humidity of the mist mixed in the inner premixing area; the two circulating fans are diagonally arranged in the premixing area in the premixing device, so that air circulation in the premixing area is accelerated, and the temperature and humidity uniformity of premixed mist in the device is improved;
The two floor fans are arranged on the inner side wall of the fermentation chamber, and the two floor fans are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chamber, so that air circulation in the fermentation chamber is accelerated, the internal space can be quickly filled with mist meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity, and the uniformity of the fermentation environment temperature and humidity is ensured; four wall-mounted exhaust fans are arranged on the side wall of the fermentation chamber, and four set-top exhaust fans are arranged on the top plate at the upper end of the fermentation chamber and are used for supplying oxygen to fermentation She Huanqi in the fermentation chamber;
a plurality of temperature sensors distributed in an array are arranged in the fermentation chamber.
Further, a rolling brush is arranged below the outlet end of each polyester mesh conveyor belt and is used for cleaning fermentation leaves stuck on the conveyor belt; the bottom of the fermentation chamber is provided with a water collecting tank for collecting and discharging fermentation liquor generated in the fermentation process.
Further, the array-distributed temperature sensor group in the fermentation chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, the middle and the bottom of the fermentation chamber, wherein each group of temperature sensors is provided with three equidistant temperature sensors along the array direction and is positioned on the same horizontal plane, and humidity sensors are arranged in each fermentation chamber in the same manner according to the arrangement positions of the temperature sensors.
Because the mist for supplying temperature and humidity to the fermentation leaves is premixed in the premixing device, the premixing device is small in size and is easier to mix the mist with the temperature and humidity required by black tea fermentation, the premixed mist is introduced into the fermentation chamber, and compared with the direct heating and humidifying in the fermentation chamber respectively, the temperature and humidity are increased faster and the uniformity is better, the mist in the fermentation chamber returns to the premixing device through the mist recycling hose to be recycled, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
A regulation and control method of a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: temperature and humidity sensors are arranged at all positions of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity of all positions of the fermentation chamber; three temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation chamber respectively, so that the temperature detected at the position with the name of P i,Pi at the measuring point i is T i, the temperature weight is TW i, the humidity is H i, and the humidity weight is HW i; let the set temperature be T0 and the set humidity be H0, then a weighted average temperature T m and a weighted average humidity H m of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated:
In the fermentation process, simplifying a fermentation leaf area borne on an upper, middle and lower three-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt into three cuboid areas, wherein an upper tea area, a middle tea area and a lower tea area are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; let the area center of the upper layer tea area be named as C1, the area center of the middle layer tea area be named as C2, and the area center of the lower layer tea area be named as C3. According to the distribution characteristics of the temperature sensor sensing points, three temperature sensors above an upper polyester mesh conveyor belt at the top of the fermentation chamber are counted as A groups, three temperature sensors below a middle polyester mesh conveyor belt at the middle of the fermentation chamber are counted as B groups, and three temperature sensors below a lower polyester mesh conveyor belt at the bottom of the fermentation chamber are counted as C groups;
Taking the area center C1 of the upper tea area as a reference point of the group A temperature sensor, the area center C2 of the middle tea area as a reference point of the group B temperature sensor, and the area center C3 of the lower tea area as a reference point of the group C temperature sensor; the distance between each measuring point Pi in the fermentation chamber and the reference point in the temperature sensor group to which the measuring point Pi belongs is PL i, the weight value range is W min to W max, wherein 0<W min<Wmax < = 1, the maximum distance between all the measuring points Pi and the reference point is PL max, and then the temperature weight value of each measuring point P i can be calculated as follows:
Wherein W max is the maximum value of the obtained temperature weight, the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value W min, and the weight of the humidity of each measuring point is calculated in the same way according to the temperature weight of each measuring point P i;
Step two: the intelligent control scheme adopted by the invention comprises two sets of alternative schemes, namely a control scheme A and a control scheme B; the control scheme a is described as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input temperature and humidity are used as input of a whole control system, after transportation loss is compensated, the input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system is used, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are included in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the input temperature and humidity is output as temperature and humidity of premixed mist; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature T m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity H m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system; through the control scheme, the temperature and humidity in the fermentation chamber can be well reached and kept at the set temperature and humidity.
The control scheme B is described as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input set temperature and humidity are used as input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system after transportation loss compensation, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are contained in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, the temperature and humidity are output as premixed mist, a sensor arranged in a premixing device measures actual temperature and humidity of the premixed mist, the measured actual temperature is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the measured actual humidity is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature T m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity H m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system; according to the control scheme, the temperature and humidity premixing control system and the air supply pump flow control system are connected in series, so that the temperature and humidity in the fermentation chamber can be well reached and kept at the set temperature and humidity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wet and hot fog meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity conditions is mixed in the premixing device in advance, so that the method has the advantages that compared with the method of heating and humidifying in a large fermentation chamber respectively, the method has the advantages that the heat and humidity rising speed is higher, the temperature and humidity uniformity is better, and the fog in the fermentation chamber returns to the premixing device through the fog recycling hose to be recycled, so that the energy utilization rate is improved. The air flow is accelerated by the floor fan in the fermentation chamber, so that the mist meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity can be quickly filled in the inner space, and the uniformity of the fermentation environment temperature and humidity is ensured. Moreover, the environment of the room temperature and humidity of the fermentation is completely provided by the complete equipment of the external premixing device, so that the traditional fermentation machine is conveniently transformed into the temperature and humidity premixing fermentation machine, and the upgrading and transformation cost is reduced. Finally, the invention belongs to a continuous fermentation machine, and the production line is relatively easy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a temperature and humidity premixed continuous black tea fermenter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a temperature and humidity premixed continuous black tea fermenter according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is an isometric view of another angle of a temperature and humidity premixed continuous black tea fermenter according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an external premixing device for a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermenter according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a front view of an external premixing device for a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermenter according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the mist flow direction of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a temperature and humidity sensor according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a control block diagram of an alternative temperature and humidity control scheme a of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a control block diagram of an alternative temperature and humidity control scheme B of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-box, 2-tea inlet, 3-upper polyester mesh conveyor belt, 4-middle polyester mesh conveyor belt, 5-lower polyester mesh conveyor belt, 6-rolling brush, 7-premixing device, 8-mist delivery pipe, 9-mist pipe, 10-mist recovery hose, 11-floor fan, 12-wall-mounted exhaust fan, 13-top exhaust fan, 14-motor, 15-power gear, 16-first transmission gear, 17-second transmission gear, 18-third transmission gear, 19-fourth transmission gear, 20-fifth transmission gear, 21-sixth transmission gear, 22-seventh transmission gear, 23-water collecting tank, 24-air feeding pump, 25-dispatch controller, 26-mist outlet, 27-mist circulation port, 28-water tank, 29-hot water delivery pipe, 30-fin, 31-ultrasonic humidifier, 32-delivery pipe, 33-humidifying pipe, 34-circulation fan, 35-temperature sensor group, 36-area center, 37-tea area.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine is characterized in that: the novel tea fermentation box comprises a box body 1, a polyester mesh conveyor belt, a fog pipe 9, a premixing device 7, a floor fan 11, a wall-mounted exhaust fan 12 and a top exhaust fan 13, wherein a tea inlet 2 for throwing tea leaves to be fermented is formed in the upper part of the box body 1, three polyester mesh conveyor belts are arranged in a fermentation chamber, an external motor 14 drives a power gear 15 to rotate through chain transmission so as to power the polyester mesh conveyor belt, the polyester mesh conveyor belt sequentially comprises an upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, a middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 and a lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 from top to bottom, the inlet end of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 is arranged under the tea inlet 2, the inlet end of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is arranged under the outlet end of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, the outlet end of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 extends out of a discharge port formed in the side wall of the box body 1;
The upper layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, the middle layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 and the lower layer polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 are respectively provided with a driving shaft and a follow-up shaft; a motor 14 is arranged below the outer part of the fermentation box body 1, and a gear on a motor shaft is connected with a power gear 15 through a transmission chain; a first transmission gear 16 is arranged on a driving shaft of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5, and the first transmission gear 16 is connected with a power gear 15 through a transmission chain; a fourth transmission gear 19 is arranged on the follow-up shaft of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3; the second transmission gear 17 and the power gear 15 are fixed on the same shaft; a third transmission gear 18 is arranged on the driving shaft of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, and the third transmission gear 18 is connected with the second transmission gear 17 through a transmission chain; a seventh transmission gear 22 is arranged on the driving shaft of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4; an intermediate shaft is arranged below the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, a fifth transmission gear 20 and a sixth transmission gear 21 are respectively arranged at two ends of the intermediate shaft, the fifth transmission gear 20 is meshed with a fourth transmission gear 13 on the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3, and the sixth transmission gear 21 is connected with a seventh transmission gear 22 on the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 through a chain.
When the motor 14 works, the power gear 15 is driven to rotate by the transmission chain, the power gear 15 drives the first transmission gear 16 to move by the transmission chain so as to drive the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 to work, and simultaneously drives the second transmission gear 17 on the same shaft to rotate; when the second transmission gear 17 rotates, the transmission chain drives the third transmission gear 18 on the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 to rotate, so as to drive the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 to work; meanwhile, a fourth transmission gear 19 on a follow-up shaft of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 also rotates, the fourth transmission gear 19 drives a fifth transmission gear 20 and a sixth transmission gear 21 on the intermediate shaft to jointly rotate, and then a seventh transmission gear 22 on the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is driven to rotate by chain transmission, so that the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 is driven to work; because the whole system relies on the drive chain to carry out the transmission, the whole working process can ensure that the transmission direction is opposite between upper polyester mesh conveyer belt 3, middle polyester mesh conveyer belt 4 and lower polyester mesh conveyer belt 5 two by two, can realize that tealeaves gets into upper polyester mesh conveyer belt 3 from the left side, falls down on middle polyester mesh conveyer belt 4 from the right side of upper polyester mesh conveyer belt 3, falls down on lower polyester mesh conveyer belt 5 from the left side of middle polyester mesh conveyer belt 4 again, carries out the ejection of compact from the discharge gate on lower polyester mesh conveyer belt 5 right side.
Three pairs of fog pipes 9 are arranged in the fermentation chamber, each pair of fog pipes 9 is matched with the polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes 9 are arranged on two sides above the corresponding polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes 9 are connected with a premixing device 7 arranged outside the box body 1 through fog conveying pipes 8, and an air feeding pump 24 is arranged in the middle of each fog conveying pipe 8; the hot and humid mist generated by the premixing device 7 is pumped into the mist conveying pipe 8 by the air pump 24 and then is introduced into the mist pipe 9, fine small holes are formed in the mist pipe 9, and the mist is sprayed out of the small holes to heat and humidify tea leaves to be fermented on a polyester mesh conveyor belt in the fermentation chamber;
A mist outlet 26 is arranged above the premixing device 7, a mist circulating port 27 is arranged on the side wall of the premixing device, and the mist outlet 26 is connected with a mist conveying pipe 8; a plurality of mist recycling hoses 10 are arranged above the discharge port of the fermentation chamber, and the mist recycling hoses 10 are connected with mist recycling ports 27 on the side wall of the premixing device 7 and are used for recycling the mist in the fermentation chamber to the premixing device 7; the interior of the premixing device 7 is divided into an upper area and a lower area by a partition plate, the upper partial area is a premixing area, and the lower partial area is provided with a water tank 28 and an ultrasonic humidifier 31; the two fin heating pipes 30 are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device 7, and are arranged in parallel up and down; the water tank 28 is connected with a hot water conveying pipe 29, the hot water conveying pipe 29 is connected with two fin heating pipes 30 arranged in the premixing area, and water heated by the water tank 28 flows into the fin heating pipes 30 through the hot water conveying pipe 29 to supply temperature for the premixed mist; the two pairs of humidifying pipes 33 are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device 7, the upper part and the lower part of the two pairs of humidifying pipes are respectively matched with the fin heating pipes 30, and each pair of humidifying pipes 33 is parallel to the matched fin heating pipes 30; the ultrasonic humidifier 31 is connected with two moisture conveying pipes 32, the two moisture conveying pipes 32 are connected with two pairs of humidifying pipes 33 arranged in the premixing area, and moisture generated by the ultrasonic humidifier 31 is introduced into the humidifying pipes 33 through the moisture conveying pipes 32 to supply moisture to the premixed mist in the premixing area;
The outer wall of the premixing device 7 is provided with a scheduling controller 25, and the scheduling controller 25 can set temperature and humidity parameters of the premixed mist and is used for controlling the temperature and humidity of the mist mixed in the internal premixing area; the two circulating fans 34 are diagonally arranged in the premixing area in the premixing device, so that the air circulation in the premixing area is accelerated, and the temperature and humidity uniformity of the premixed mist in the device is improved;
the two floor fans 11 are arranged on the inner side wall of the fermentation chamber, and the two floor fans 11 are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chamber, so that air circulation in the fermentation chamber is accelerated, the internal space can be quickly filled with mist meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity, and the uniformity of the fermentation environment temperature and humidity is ensured; four wall-mounted exhaust fans 12 are arranged on the side wall of the fermentation chamber, and four set-top exhaust fans 13 are arranged on the top plate at the upper end of the fermentation chamber and are used for supplying oxygen to fermentation She Huanqi in the fermentation chamber;
Further, a rolling brush 6 is arranged below the outlet end of each polyester mesh conveyor belt and is used for cleaning fermentation leaves stuck on the conveyor belt; the bottom of the fermentation chamber is provided with a water collection tank 23 for collecting and draining fermentation broth produced during fermentation.
Further, the array-distributed temperature sensor group 35 in the fermenting chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, middle and bottom of the fermenting chamber, wherein each group of temperature sensors is provided with three equidistant temperature sensors along the array direction and is positioned on the same horizontal plane; two opposite vertex angles of the top of the fermentation chamber and a certain distance below the center of the top are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, the position near the inlet and the outlet of the middle polyester mesh belt 4 in the space position of the fermentation chamber are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, two opposite vertex angles of the bottom of the fermentation chamber and a certain distance above the center of the bottom are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and a group of temperature sensors at the top and a group of temperature sensors at the bottom are not positioned at the same diagonal position, and humidity sensors are arranged in each fermentation chamber in the same manner according to the setting positions of the temperature sensors.
Because the mist for supplying temperature and humidity to the fermentation leaves is premixed in the premixing device 7, the premixing device 7 has smaller volume and is easier to mix the mist with the temperature and humidity required by black tea fermentation, and compared with the direct heating and humidifying in the fermentation chamber respectively, the premixed mist is introduced into the fermentation chamber, the temperature and humidity are increased faster and the uniformity is better, and the mist in the fermentation chamber returns to the premixing device for recycling through the mist recycling hose 10, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.
A regulation and control method of a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: temperature and humidity sensors are arranged at all positions of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity of all positions of the fermentation chamber; three temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation chamber respectively, so that the temperature detected at the position with the name of P i,Pi at the measuring point i is T i, the temperature weight is TW i, the humidity is H i, and the humidity weight is HW i; let the set temperature be T0 and the set humidity be H0, then a weighted average temperature T m and a weighted average humidity H m of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated:
In the fermentation process, simplifying a fermentation leaf area borne on an upper, middle and lower three-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt into three cuboid areas, wherein an upper tea area, a middle tea area and a lower tea area are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; let the area center of the upper layer tea area be named as C1, the area center of the middle layer tea area be named as C2, and the area center of the lower layer tea area be named as C3. According to the distribution characteristics of the temperature sensor sensing points, the three temperature sensors above the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt 3 at the top of the fermentation chamber are counted as A groups, the three temperature sensors near the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt 4 at the middle of the fermentation chamber are counted as B groups, and the three temperature sensors below the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt 5 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber are counted as C groups;
Taking the area center C1 of the upper tea area as a reference point of the group A temperature sensor, the area center C2 of the middle tea area as a reference point of the group B temperature sensor, and the area center C3 of the lower tea area as a reference point of the group C temperature sensor; the distance between each measuring point Pi in the fermentation chamber and the reference point in the temperature sensor group to which the measuring point Pi belongs is PL i, the weight value range is W min to W max, wherein 0<W min<Wmax < = 1, the maximum distance between all the measuring points Pi and the reference point is PL max, and then the temperature weight value of each measuring point P i can be calculated as follows:
Wherein W max is the maximum value of the obtained temperature weight, the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value W min, and the weight of the humidity of each measuring point is calculated in the same way according to the temperature weight of each measuring point P i;
Step two: the intelligent control scheme adopted by the invention comprises two sets of alternative schemes, namely a control scheme A and a control scheme B. As shown in fig. 7, control scheme a is described as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input temperature and humidity are used as input of a whole control system, after transportation loss is compensated, the input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system is used, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are included in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the input temperature and humidity is output as temperature and humidity of premixed mist; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature T m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity H m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system; through the control scheme, the temperature and humidity in the fermentation chamber can be well reached and kept at the set temperature and humidity.
As shown in fig. 8, control scheme B is described as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input set temperature and humidity are used as input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system after transportation loss compensation, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are contained in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, the temperature and humidity are output as premixed mist, a sensor arranged in a premixing device measures actual temperature and humidity of the premixed mist, the measured actual temperature is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the measured actual humidity is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature T m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity H m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system; according to the control scheme, the temperature and humidity premixing control system and the air supply pump flow control system are connected in series, so that the temperature and humidity in the fermentation chamber can be well reached and kept at the set temperature and humidity.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not limiting to the technical solutions of the present invention, and any technical solution that can be implemented on the basis of the above embodiments without inventive effort should be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the patent claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A regulation and control method of a temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine is used for the temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine and is characterized in that: the temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine comprises a box body (1), a polyester mesh conveyor belt, a mist pipe (9), a premixing device (7), a floor fan (11), a wall-mounted exhaust fan (12) and a top exhaust fan (13), wherein a tea inlet (2) for throwing tea leaves to be fermented is formed in the upper part of the box body (1), three polyester mesh conveyor belts are arranged in a fermentation chamber, an external motor (14) drives a power gear (15) to rotate so as to provide power for the polyester mesh conveyor belt through chain transmission, the polyester mesh conveyor belt sequentially comprises an upper polyester mesh conveyor belt (3), a middle polyester mesh conveyor belt (4) and a lower polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) from top to bottom, the inlet end of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt (3) is arranged right below the tea inlet (2), the inlet end of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt (4) is arranged right below the outlet end of the upper polyester mesh conveyor belt (3), the inlet end of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) is arranged right below the outlet end of the middle polyester mesh conveyor belt (4), and the outlet end of the lower polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) extends out of the box body (1);
Three pairs of fog pipes (9) are arranged in the fermentation chamber, each pair of fog pipes (9) is matched with the polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes (9) are arranged on two sides above the corresponding polyester mesh conveyor belt, the fog pipes (9) are connected with a premixing device (7) arranged outside the box body (1) through fog conveying pipes (8), and an air feeding pump (24) is arranged in the middle of the fog conveying pipes (8); the hot and humid mist generated by the premixing device (7) is pumped into the mist conveying pipe (8) by the air supply pump (24) and then is introduced into the mist pipe (9), fine small holes are formed in the mist pipe (9), and the mist is sprayed out of the small holes to heat and humidify tea leaves to be fermented on the polyester mesh conveyor belt in the fermentation chamber;
A mist outlet (26) is arranged above the premixing device (7), a mist circulating port (27) is arranged on the side wall of the premixing device, and the mist outlet (26) is connected with a mist conveying pipe (8); a plurality of mist recycling hoses (10) are arranged above the discharge hole of the fermentation chamber, and the mist recycling hoses (10) are connected with mist recycling holes (27) on the side wall of the premixing device (7) and used for sending the mist in the fermentation chamber back to the premixing device (7) for recycling; the inside of the premixing device (7) is divided into an upper area and a lower area by a partition plate, the upper partial area is a premixing area, and the lower partial area is provided with a water tank (28) and an ultrasonic humidifier (31); two fin heating pipes (30) are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device (7), and are arranged in parallel up and down; the water tank (28) is connected with a hot water conveying pipe (29), the hot water conveying pipe (29) is connected with two fin heating pipes (30) arranged in the premixing area, and water heated by the water tank (28) flows into the fin heating pipes (30) through the hot water conveying pipe (29) to supply temperature for the premixed mist; two pairs of humidifying pipes (33) are arranged in a premixing area at the upper part of the premixing device (7), an upper pair and a lower pair of humidifying pipes are respectively arranged in a matched mode with the fin heating pipes (30), and each pair of humidifying pipes (33) is arranged in parallel with the matched fin heating pipes (30); the ultrasonic humidifier (31) is connected with two moisture conveying pipes (32), the two moisture conveying pipes (32) are connected with two pairs of humidifying pipes (33) arranged in the premixing area, and moisture generated by the ultrasonic humidifier (31) is introduced into the humidifying pipes (33) through the moisture conveying pipes (32) to supply moisture for the premixed mist in the premixing area;
The outer wall of the premixing device (7) is provided with a scheduling controller (25), and the scheduling controller (25) can set temperature and humidity parameters of the premixed mist and is used for controlling the temperature and humidity of the mist mixed in the inner premixing area; the two circulating fans (34) are diagonally arranged in the premixing area in the premixing device, so that the air circulation in the premixing area is accelerated, and the temperature and humidity uniformity of the premixed mist in the device is improved;
The fermentation chamber inner side wall is provided with two floor fans (11), and the two floor fans (11) are diagonally arranged in the fermentation chamber, so that air circulation in the fermentation chamber is accelerated, the internal space can be quickly filled with mist meeting the fermentation temperature and humidity, and the uniformity of the fermentation environment temperature and humidity is ensured; four wall-mounted exhaust fans (12) are arranged on the side wall of the fermentation chamber, and four set-top exhaust fans (13) are arranged on the top plate at the upper end of the fermentation chamber and are used for supplying oxygen to fermentation She Huanqi in the fermentation chamber;
The regulation and control method of the temperature and humidity premixing continuous black tea fermentation machine specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: temperature and humidity sensors are arranged at all positions of the fermentation chamber to acquire the temperature and humidity of all positions of the fermentation chamber; three temperature sensors are arranged in a staggered manner in the upper, middle and lower parts of the fermentation chamber respectively, so that the temperature detected at the position with the name of P i,Pi at the measuring point i is T i, the temperature weight is TW i, the humidity is H i, and the humidity weight is HW i; let the set temperature be T0 and the set humidity be H0, then a weighted average temperature T m and a weighted average humidity H m of the temperature and humidity environment can be calculated:
；
In the fermentation process, simplifying a fermentation leaf area borne on an upper, middle and lower three-layer polyester mesh conveyor belt into three cuboid areas, wherein an upper tea area, a middle tea area and a lower tea area are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the center of the upper layer tea area is named as C1, the center of the middle layer tea area is named as C2, the center of the lower layer tea area is named as C3, three temperature sensors above an upper layer polyester mesh conveyor belt (3) positioned at the top of a fermentation chamber are named as A groups according to the distribution characteristics of temperature sensor sensing points, three temperature sensors near a middle layer polyester mesh conveyor belt (4) positioned at the middle part of the fermentation chamber are named as B groups, and three temperature sensors below a lower layer polyester mesh conveyor belt (5) positioned at the bottom of the fermentation chamber are named as C groups;
Taking the area center C1 of the upper tea area as a reference point of the group A temperature sensor, the area center C2 of the middle tea area as a reference point of the group B temperature sensor, and the area center C3 of the lower tea area as a reference point of the group C temperature sensor; the distance between each measuring point Pi in the fermentation chamber and the reference point in the temperature sensor group to which the measuring point Pi belongs is PL i, the weight range is W min to W max, wherein 0<W min<Wmax < = 1, and the maximum distance between all measuring points P i and the reference point is PL max, so that the temperature weight of each measuring point P i can be calculated as follows:
；
Wherein W max is the maximum value of the obtained temperature weight, the weight of the measuring point farthest from the reference point is the minimum value W min, and the weight of the humidity of each measuring point is calculated in the same way according to the temperature weight of each measuring point P i;
Step two: the intelligent control scheme A or the control scheme B is adopted for regulation and control, wherein the control scheme A is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input temperature and humidity are used as input of a whole control system, after transportation loss is compensated, the input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system is used, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are included in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the input temperature and humidity is output as temperature and humidity of premixed mist; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature T m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity H m of the fermentation chamber is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system;
The control scheme B is as follows: the method comprises the steps that a worker inputs a set temperature T0 and a set humidity H0 on a dispatching controller, the input set temperature and humidity are used as input of a temperature and humidity premixing control system after transportation loss compensation, fuzzy PID control and decoupling control are contained in the temperature and humidity premixing control system, the temperature and humidity are output as premixed mist, a sensor arranged in a premixing device measures actual temperature and humidity of the premixed mist, the measured actual temperature is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system, and the measured actual humidity is used as negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the temperature and humidity premixing control system; the output of the temperature and humidity premixing control system is used as the input of the air supply pump flow control system, the air supply pump flow control system controls the final output of the actual temperature and humidity of the fermentation chamber, the measured actual temperature Tm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a temperature input node of the air supply pump flow control system, and the measured actual humidity Hm of the fermentation chamber is used as a negative feedback quantity to act on a humidity input node of the air supply pump flow control system; the control scheme connects the temperature and humidity premixing control system and the air supply pump flow control system in series.
2. A method for controlling a temperature and humidity premixed continuous black tea fermentation machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a rolling brush (6) is arranged below the outlet end of each polyester mesh conveyor belt and is used for cleaning fermentation leaves stuck on the conveyor belt; the bottom of the fermentation chamber is provided with a water collecting tank (23) for collecting and discharging fermentation liquor generated in the fermentation process.
3. A method for controlling a temperature and humidity premixed continuous black tea fermentation machine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the array-distributed temperature sensor group (35) in the fermenting chamber comprises three groups of temperature sensors distributed at the top, middle and bottom of the fermenting chamber, and humidity sensors are arranged in each fermenting chamber in the same way according to the arrangement positions of the temperature sensors.
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| CN211746640U (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-10-27 | 漯河职业技术学院 | Realize constant temperature and humidity automated control's black tea fermentation room |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111674418.7A patent/CN114258968B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203302283U (en) * | 2013-05-24 | 2013-11-27 | 苏添文 | Black tea fermentation machine |
| CN203723357U (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-07-23 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Tea leaf fermentation environment generating device |
| CN106387139A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 杭州千岛湖丰凯实业有限公司 | Tea leaf fermentation machine room and tea leaf fermentation method thereof |
| CN206227552U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-06-09 | 杭州千岛湖丰凯实业有限公司 | A kind of tea leaf fermentation computer room |
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