CN102255361B - Method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer - Google Patents
Method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for equalizing the electric quantity of batteries. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing series single batteries to be equalized into a plurality of battery sub-groups in a mode of taking even batteries as a group; detecting terminal voltages of all battery sub-groups, discharging the battery sub-groups having high voltages, and transferring redundant electric quantity to the battery sub-groups having low voltages to equalize the electric quantity of all battery sub-groups; detecting the terminal voltages of all single batteries in all battery sub-groups, discharging the single batteries having high terminal voltages in all battery sub-groups, and transferring the redundant electric quantity to the single batteries having low terminal voltages in the battery sub-groups to equalize the electric quantity of all single batteries in the battery sub-groups; and cyclically executing equalization of the electric quantity among the groups and equalization of the electric quantity in the groups until the electric quantity of all series single batteries is equalized. Moreover, the invention provides a corresponding equalizer. The method and the equalizer provided by the invention are simple and easy to operate, low in cost, high in equalization speed and high in equalization accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the battery technology field, relate in particular to a kind of method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer.
Background technology
Battery pack normally is in series by a plurality of monocells.Due to the restriction of production technology, the performance between cell just there are differences when producing.In addition, due to the heterogeneity of battery pack internal environment, make battery pack in use can cause the increasing of the performance difference between each cell, thereby affect the performance of whole battery pack.Therefore, must between cell, carry out equilibrium and control, to reduce the otherness between cell.
The working method of at present common battery equalizer is: by gathering the voltage of each cell, the energy of high voltage cell is transferred in the cell of low-voltage by energy-storage units, and then realized the equilibrium of voltage between two or more cells.But the topological structure imperfection of the switching tube of this method, thus exist the accuracy of equalization all not high, balancing speed is unhappy, the high in cost of production problem.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem that on market, the equalizer equalizes precision is not high, balancing speed is unhappy, cost is high, the invention provides a kind of method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries and equalizer, with the purpose that reaches the balancing speed that improves battery electric quantity and the accuracy of equalization, reduces costs.
In order to realize above purpose, method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries provided by the invention comprises: step 1, will in battery pack, treat balanced series connection cell according to even number one component, become a plurality of battery subgroups; Step 2, detect the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup, and the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup is compared with the terminal voltage of other battery subgroup respectively, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, perform step 4, otherwise perform step 3 and step 4; Step 3, the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the battery subgroup that terminal voltage is low so that the electric quantity balancing of each battery subgroup; Step 4, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery subgroup, and by the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery subgroup in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, perform step 6, otherwise perform step 5 and step 6; Step 5, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery subgroup is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the cell that terminal voltage in this battery subgroup is low, so that the electric quantity balancing of each cell in this battery subgroup; Step 6, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 2.
on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of equalizer, described equalizer is by treating in battery pack that balanced series connection cell becomes a plurality of battery subgroups to carry out electric quantity balancing to described battery pack according to even number one component, described equalizer comprises: switch in the group of each battery subgroup, switch comprises a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that quantity equates with cell number in this battery subgroup in the group of each battery subgroup, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to respectively the positive pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to respectively the negative pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, the other end is connected to each other together, be connected to switch between a plurality of groups between each battery subgroup, be connected between two positive switch tie points of every two battery subgroups or between two negative switch tie points of every two battery subgroups, a plurality of electric capacity, be connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery subgroup, the A/D sample circuit, be used to gathering the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup or cell, and control unit, be used to controlling the closed and disconnected of each switch, with the terminal voltage that gathers according to the A/D sample circuit, control between the battery subgroup and the electric quantity balancing between cell in the battery subgroup.
preferably, described control unit is carried out following control operation: step 1, disconnect switch and the interior switch of group between all groups, step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup after the collection battery group, between two battery subgroups of sequence detection according to battery subgroup numbering, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between at first closed these two battery subgroups, in switch and these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is high, so that the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage is given the capacitor charging between these two battery subgroups, then disconnect switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between these two battery subgroups, switch and described terminal voltage are high, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that in closed these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is low again, so that the voltage transfer at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery subgroups is to the low battery subgroup of terminal voltage, repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing between every two battery subgroups, switch between step 3, disconnection group, so that each battery subgroup is isolated from each other, step 4, gather the terminal voltage of the cell in each battery subgroup, between two cells of sequence detection according to the numbering of the cell in the battery subgroup, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is high, then disconnect the interior switch of group of the cell both sides that described terminal voltage is high, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is low, repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing of every two cells in each battery subgroup, step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 1, wherein, the time for balance of each cell in the time for balance of each battery subgroup and each battery subgroup respectively according to time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends and be attempted by each battery subgroup each cell two ends electric capacity discharge and recharge set of time.
The present invention can obtain following technique effect:
(1) electric weight between first balanced two battery pack of the present invention, in respectively balanced each battery pack two saves the electric weight of cells again, and the equilibrium between two joint cells in each battery pack can be carried out simultaneously, thereby improved balancing speed and efficiency, shortened time for balance; (2) accuracy of equalization is higher, and is easy to control;
(3) the inventive method is simple, and circuit structure is simple, and is with low cost.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of the equalizer of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below, with embodiment, describe the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, at first, in step S101, will in battery pack, treat balanced series connection cell according to one group of even number, divide into groups, that is, be divided into a plurality of battery subgroups.
Then, in step S102, detect the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup, and in step S103, the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup is compared with the terminal voltage of other battery subgroup respectively, with judge between these two difference whether within the scope of equalization request (such as, whether less than 0.2V), if, perform step S105-S106, otherwise execution step S104-S106.
In step S104, the battery subgroup that terminal voltage is high is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the battery subgroup that terminal voltage is low so that the electric quantity balancing of each battery subgroup, namely first realize the Homogeneity between groups of battery subgroup voltage.
Here, in order to ensure the appropriateness in the electric quantity balancing process or accuracy, with being easy to, control, can realize that the electric weight between each battery subgroup shifts by the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends.When the electric quantity balancing between each battery subgroup, the transfer of electric weight, no longer occur in electric voltage equalization between electric capacity, thereby realized the self regulating and control between the battery subgroup, and this mode is simple, and have the higher accuracy of equalization.
In this case, the time for balance that discharges and recharges each battery subgroup of set of time according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends, so that the time for balance of each battery subgroup is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends, thereby guarantee to carry out up hill and dale equilibrium, and according to the time for balance of each battery subgroup, control each battery subgroup and carry out the electric weight transfer, thereby reach dynamic equalization.Here, the time that discharges and recharges of electric capacity can be observed and obtain by oscilloscope.
In addition, in the process that discharges and recharges, the voltage of each cell is constantly changing all the time due to the battery subgroup, so when the whole pressure reduction between each battery subgroup narrows down in restricted portion, can judge that the electric weight between the battery subgroup reaches balanced.Specifically, whether the electric weight that can judge in the following manner each battery subgroup in charge and discharge process is balanced: after electric weight shifts between battery pack, each subgroup terminal voltage after the detection battery group, and the terminal voltage of one of them battery subgroup is compared with the terminal voltage of other each battery subgroup respectively, to judge that difference between these two battery subgroups is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing between each battery subgroup, otherwise judge that the electric weight between each battery subgroup is unbalanced.
In step S105, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery subgroup, and in step S106 by the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery subgroup in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, perform step S108, otherwise execution step S107 and S108.
In step S107, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery subgroup is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the cell that terminal voltage in this battery subgroup is low, so that the electric quantity balancing of each cell in this battery subgroup.
Here, same, electric capacity that can be by being attempted by each cell two ends will more than electric weight from the high cell of terminal voltage, transfer on the cell that terminal voltage is low.In this case, the time for balance that discharges and recharges each cell of set of time according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, so that the time for balance of each cell is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, and according to the time for balance of each cell, controls each cell and carry out the electric weight transfer.
Equally, due to the battery subgroup in the process that discharges and recharges, the voltage of each cell is constantly changing all the time, so when the whole pressure reduction between each cell in each battery subgroup narrows down in restricted portion, can judge that the electric weight between each cell in this battery subgroup reaches balanced.specifically, whether the electric weight that can judge in the following manner each cell in the battery subgroup in charge and discharge process is balanced: after between the cell in this battery subgroup, electric weight shifts, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery subgroup, and by the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery subgroup respectively with this battery subgroup in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing of this battery subgroup, otherwise the electric weight that judges this battery subgroup is unbalanced.
In step S108, judge whether the electric weight of all cells is balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step S102.
With upper identical, whether the electric weight that can judge in the following manner all cells is balanced: the terminal voltage that detects all cells, and the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage of each cell and other cell is compared, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing of all cells, otherwise judge that the electric weight of all cells is unbalanced.
In order to realize above method, the invention provides a kind of equalizer.This equalizer comprises the interior switch of the group of each battery subgroup, is connected to switch, a plurality of electric capacity, A/D sample circuit and control unit between a plurality of groups between each battery subgroup.Wherein, switch comprises a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that quantity equates with cell number in this battery subgroup in the group of each battery subgroup, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to respectively the positive pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to respectively the negative pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, and the other end is connected to each other together.Between described a plurality of groups, switch is connected between two positive switch tie points of every two battery subgroups or between two negative switch tie points of every two battery subgroups.Described a plurality of electric capacity is connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery subgroup.Described A/D sample circuit is for gathering the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup or cell.Described control unit, for controlling the closed and disconnected of each switch, is controlled between the battery subgroup and the electric quantity balancing between cell in the battery subgroup with the terminal voltage that gathers according to the A/D sample circuit.
Here point out, described control unit and A/D sample circuit can utilize the single-chip microcomputer that is integrated with the A/D sampling functions to realize, at this moment, single-chip microcomputer, except the function that realizes described control unit, also utilizes A/D sampling functions integrated on single-chip microcomputer to replace each battery subgroup of above-mentioned A/D sample circuit collection series connection or the terminal voltage of each cell.In addition, all switches can be realized with for example switching tube or other components and parts that can be used as switch.
Below with the concrete operations of equalizer shown in Figure 2 to control unit, be specifically described.In circuit shown in Figure 2, treat that the battery pack of equilibrium is connected by 4 batteries.48V in Fig. 2,36V, 24V and 12V refer to respectively and respectively save the current potential of cell with respect to ground, and wherein, for example to mean several the 4th batteries from left to right be 48V with respect to the current potential on ground to 48V, also i.e. four batteries voltage sums.These current potentials all collect by A/D sample circuit (not shown in Fig. 2).In one embodiment, use the A/D sample circuit of 16, the A/D error is dropped to below 4mV, the accuracy of equalization can reach in 0.1, and use the A/D sample circuit of 10, A/D sampling error can only reach 10mv, the accuracy of equalization can only reach 0.2～0.3.As can be known from these current potentials, the voltage at each cell two ends of series connection is 12V.Below, will be called 48V cell, 36V cell, 24V cell and 12V cell from left several the 1st batteries, the 2nd batteries, the 3rd batteries and the 4th batteries respectively.
Equalizer is divided into two subgroups by 4 batteries shown in Figure 2, that is, the 48V cell is the first subgroup with connecting of 36V cell, notes by abridging as Gp2, and the 24V cell is the second subgroup with connecting of 12V cell, notes by abridging as Gp1.Q1～Q10 is switching tube, and wherein, the end of Q1 and Q3 is connected to respectively 12V cell in second group and the negative pole of 24V cell, other end interconnection; The end of Q2 and Q4 is connected to respectively 12V cell in second group and the positive pole of 24V cell, other end interconnection; Capacitor C 2 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q1 and Q3 and Q2 and Q4; The end of Q5 and Q7 is connected to respectively 36V cell in first group and the negative pole of 48V cell, other end interconnection; The end of Q6 and Q8 is connected to respectively 36V cell in first group and the positive pole of 48V cell, other end interconnection; Capacitor C 1 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q5 and Q7 and Q6 and Q8; Q9 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q1 and Q3 and Q5 and Q7; Q10 is connected between the tie point of the tie point of Q2 and Q4 and Q6 and Q8.
Referring to Fig. 2, the concrete operations of control unit are described.
Step 1, disconnect all switch Q1-Q10.
The terminal voltage of each battery subgroup after step 2, collection battery group, it is the both end voltage of Gp1 and Gp2, if the Gp1 both end voltage is greater than the Gp2 both end voltage, perform step S104, carry out Homogeneity between groups: at first make following switch closure: Q4, Q10, Q1 and Q9, Gp1, to capacitor C 1 charging, is then disconnected to Q4, Q10, Q1 and Q9.At this moment, for the C1 both end voltage is transferred to Gp2, need closed following switch: Q8 and Q5.Otherwise if the Gp2 both end voltage, greater than the Gp1 both end voltage, performs step S104, carry out Homogeneity between groups: at first make following switch closure: Q8, Q10, Q5 and Q9 to capacitor C 2 chargings, then disconnect Q8, Q10, Q5 and Q9 by Gp2.At this moment, for the C2 both end voltage is transferred to Gp1, need closed following switch: Q4 and Q1.Finally make the electric quantity balancing of battery subgroup Gp1 and Gp2.
Switch Q9 and Q10 between step 3, disconnection group, so that each battery subgroup is isolated from each other, think that the interior equilibrium of group of follow-up battery subgroup is prepared.
The both end voltage of monomer in step 4, collection Gp1 and Gp2.For Gp1, need to gather the both end voltage of 12V and two cells of 24V, if V1 (both end voltage of 12V)>V2 (24V battery both end voltage), perform step S 107, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q1 and Q2, then cut-off switch Q1 and Q2, and closed Q3 and Q4, and then make between V1 and V2 and reach balance.On the contrary, if V2>V1 performs step S107, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q3 and Q4, then cut-off switch Q3 and Q4, and closed Q1 and Q2, and then make between V1 and V2 and reach balance.For Gp2, need to gather the both end voltage of 36V and two cells of 48V, if V3 (both end voltage of 36V)>V4 (48V battery both end voltage), perform step S107, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q5 and Q6, then cut-off switch Q5 and Q6, and Closing Switch Q7 and Q8, and then make between V3 and V4 and reach balance.On the contrary, if V4>V3 performs step S107, organize interior equilibrium: need Closing Switch Q7 and Q8, then cut-off switch Q7 and Q8, and Closing Switch Q5 and Q6, and then make between V3 and V4 and reach balance.Finally make respectively the electric quantity balancing of two each cells in battery pack.
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 1.
Here point out, the time for balance of each cell in the time for balance of each battery subgroup and each battery subgroup as mentioned above respectively according to time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends and be attempted by each battery subgroup each cell two ends electric capacity discharge and recharge set of time.
From above step, can understand, equilibrium of the present invention is top-down one-way fashion, i.e. electric energy between first balanced two subgroups, then two in respectively balanced each subgroup group saves cells, and the equilibriums between two joint cells in each subgroup group can be carried out simultaneously.The time has been shortened in the one-way fashion equilibrium, and in the same time, only needs two joint cells in balanced group separately to get final product, and namely can to carry out two subgroups (the first subgroup and the second subgroup) balanced the same time, improved efficiency.
In the process of static (referring to that namely battery pack is in standing state), above-mentioned balanced way almost can settle at one go.In the dynamic process that discharges and recharges, this equilibrium can " settle at one go " can not be when static.
From circuit shown in Figure 2, can find out, equalizer of the present invention is drawn respectively a line from positive pole and the negative pole of each cell, connects a switch, is convenient to like this expand the control to switch, and is more flexible while making electric weight shift.Therefore, with respect to the existing equalizer on market, equalizer of the present invention has reduced the quantity of electric capacity, and the quantity of switching tube is also substantially constant, simple in structure, with low cost, and in first Homogeneity between groups, rear group, the efficiency of balanced this balanced way is higher.
Here point out, the software strategy adjustment that this hardware topology structure shown in Figure 2 can be control unit provides very large expanding space, and can realize multiple balance policy.That is to say, except can realize foregoing first the group between again the group in strategy, can also realize the equilibrium of any configuration, namely battery pack can be carried out the energy transfer with any compound mode, comprises that one to one balanced, the two pairs of equilibriums, the three pairs of equilibriums, group are to an equilibrium.Balanced and the group of the two pairs of equilibriums, three pairs can be referred to as " many-one " to an equilibrium.Balanced implication just refers to that any batteries can carry out the energy transfer to other any batteries one to one, such as the 12V battery can carry out the energy transfer to 24V battery, 36V battery and 48V battery.The implication of two pairs of equilibriums just refers to that any two adjacent batteries carry out the energy transfer to battery weak in the battery subgroup, such as 12V is adjacent with 24 liang of batteries, they just can carry out the energy transfer to 36V battery or 48V battery together, perhaps 24V battery, 36V battery can carry out the energy transfer to 12V battery or 48V battery together, according to the path of process, remove to control corresponding switching tube and get final product.The three pairs of equilibriums and group are to the implication of an equilibrium and top described similar.The control of configuration balanced way arbitrarily, similar with the described control flow of reference Fig. 2, except the switching tube difference of each moment closed and disconnected, and the switching tube of each moment closed and disconnected only need be determined to get final product according to selected configuration balanced way, therefore, omit its detailed description here.
And this hardware topology structure makes the system program of control unit simple in structure, and operational efficiency is higher, only needs the value of judgement A/D sampling can carry out corresponding equalization program afterwards.
In addition, in the present invention, utilize electric capacity to carry out balanced than utilizing electric capacity to carry out equilibrium in prior art, having following advantage: by making positive switch and the negative switch closure of closed or every two cells of switch between the group between every two battery subgroups, the voltage at battery subgroup or cell two ends can be added in the two ends of the electric capacity that is attempted by battery subgroup two ends or cell two ends " zero pressure drop ", thereby make the electric capacity both end voltage consistent with battery subgroup or cell both end voltage, can be more accurate while by electric capacity, carrying out equilibrium like this.
Abovely with reference to Fig. 2, the equilibrium of the battery pack that is comprised of 4 cells is described.Expand to the battery pack that is comprised of any several cells, the equalization step of control unit is as follows:
Step 1, disconnect all the group between switch and the group in switch;
step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup after the collection battery group, between two battery subgroups of sequence detection according to battery subgroup numbering, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between at first closed these two battery subgroups, in switch and these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is high, so that the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage is given the capacitor charging between these two battery subgroups, then disconnect switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between these two battery subgroups, switch and described terminal voltage are high, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that in closed these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is low again, so that the voltage transfer at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery subgroups is to the low battery subgroup of terminal voltage, repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing between every two battery subgroups,
Switch between step 3, disconnection group, so that each battery subgroup is isolated from each other;
Step 4, gather the terminal voltage of the cell in each battery subgroup, between two cells of sequence detection according to the numbering of the cell in the battery subgroup, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is high, then disconnect the interior switch of group of the cell both sides that described terminal voltage is high, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is low; Repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing of every two cells in each battery subgroup;
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 1.
In sum, the present invention can obtain following technique effect:
(1) balanced way provided by the present invention is the electric weight between first balanced two battery pack, after completing Homogeneity between groups, disconnect the switching tube between the adjacent cell subgroup, make each battery subgroup isolation, and then the electric weight of two joint cells in respectively balanced each battery subgroup, each battery subgroup can be organized interior equilibrium simultaneously, thereby has improved balancing speed and efficiency, so shortened time for balance.
(2) due to can be by equalizing voltage (namely, minimum differntial pressure after the battery pack balance, namely aforementionedly judge between the battery subgroup or the equalization request voltage of balance whether between the cell in the battery subgroup) arrange lowlyer, secondly, adopted high-precision A/D sample circuit, so the accuracy of equalization is higher, and be easy to control and realize.
(3) can realize the inventive method and equalizer with components and parts simply commonly used (comprising the switching tube, the electric capacity that for example are used as switch), simple in structure, with low cost.
(4) can realize multiple balance policy, as mentioned above, foregoing first between group again the strategy in group except realizing, can also realize the many-one of any configuration or balanced one to one.
Below with reference to drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail; but; should be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to above disclosed specific embodiment, and any modification based on the disclosed technical scheme of this specification all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. method for equalizing electric quantity of batteries comprises:
Step 1, will in battery pack, treat balanced series connection cell according to even number one component, become a plurality of battery subgroups;
Step 2, detect the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup, and the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup is compared with the terminal voltage of other battery subgroup respectively, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, perform step 4, otherwise perform step 3 and step 4;
Step 3, the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the battery subgroup that terminal voltage is low so that the electric quantity balancing of each battery subgroup; Electric capacity by being attempted by each battery subgroup two ends will more than electric weight from the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage, transfer on the battery subgroup that terminal voltage is low;
Step 4, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in each battery subgroup, and by the terminal voltage of each cell respectively with this battery subgroup in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if, perform step 6, otherwise perform step 5 and step 6;
Step 5, the high cell of terminal voltage in each battery subgroup is discharged, will more than electric weight transfer on the cell that terminal voltage in this battery subgroup is low, so that the electric quantity balancing of each cell in this battery subgroup; Electric capacity by being attempted by each cell two ends will more than electric weight from the high cell of terminal voltage, transfer on the cell that terminal voltage is low;
Step 6, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 2.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time for balance that discharges and recharges each battery subgroup of set of time according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends, so that the time for balance of each battery subgroup is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends, and according to the time for balance of each battery subgroup, controls each battery subgroup and carry out the electric weight transfer.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, judges in the following manner whether the electric weight of each battery pack is balanced:
After electric weight shifts between the battery subgroup, detect the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup, and the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup is compared with the terminal voltage of other battery subgroup respectively, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing of each battery subgroup, otherwise judge that the electric weight of each battery subgroup is unbalanced.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time for balance that discharges and recharges each cell of set of time according to the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, so that the time for balance of each cell is slightly longer than the time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each cell two ends, and according to the time for balance of each cell, controls each cell and carry out the electric weight transfer.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, judges in the following manner whether the electric weight of each cell in the battery subgroup is balanced:
After between the cell in this battery subgroup, electric weight shifts, detect the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery subgroup, and by the terminal voltage of each cell in this battery subgroup respectively with this battery subgroup in the terminal voltage of other cell compare, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing of this battery subgroup, otherwise judge that the electric weight of this battery subgroup is unbalanced.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 6, judges in the following manner whether the electric weight of all cells is balanced:
Detect the terminal voltage of all cells, and the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage of each cell and other cell is compared, to judge that difference between these two is whether within the scope of equalization request, if all differences are all within the scope of equalization request, judge the electric quantity balancing of all cells, otherwise judge that the electric weight of all cells is unbalanced.
7. equalizer, described equalizer becomes a plurality of battery subgroups to carry out electric quantity balancing to described battery pack by in battery pack, treating balanced series connection cell according to even number one component, and described equalizer comprises:
Switch in the group of each battery subgroup, switch comprises a plurality of positive switch and a plurality of negative switch that quantity equates with cell number in this battery subgroup in the group of each battery subgroup, one end of described a plurality of positive switch is connected to respectively the positive pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, the other end is connected to each other together, one end of described a plurality of negative switch is connected to respectively the negative pole of each cell in this battery subgroup, and the other end is connected to each other together;
Be connected to switch between a plurality of groups between each battery subgroup, be connected between two positive switch tie points of every two battery subgroups or between two negative switch tie points of every two battery subgroups;
A plurality of electric capacity, be connected between the positive switch tie point and negative switch tie point of each battery subgroup;
The A/D sample circuit, be used to gathering the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup or cell; With
Control unit, be used to controlling the closed and disconnected of each switch, control between the battery subgroup and the electric quantity balancing between cell in the battery subgroup with the terminal voltage that gathers according to the A/D sample circuit;
Described control unit is carried out following control operation:
Step 1, disconnect all the group between switch and the group in switch;
step 2, the terminal voltage of each battery subgroup after the collection battery group, between two battery subgroups of sequence detection according to battery subgroup numbering, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between at first closed these two battery subgroups, in switch and these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is high, so that the high battery subgroup of terminal voltage is given the capacitor charging between these two battery subgroups, then disconnect switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that between the group between these two battery subgroups, switch and described terminal voltage are high, switch in the group of the battery subgroup both sides that in closed these two battery subgroups, terminal voltage is low again, so that the voltage transfer at the electric capacity two ends between these two battery subgroups is to the low battery subgroup of terminal voltage, repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing between every two battery subgroups,
Switch between step 3, disconnection group, so that each battery subgroup is isolated from each other;
Step 4, gather the terminal voltage of the cell in each battery subgroup, between two cells of sequence detection according to the numbering of the cell in the battery subgroup, whether there is voltage difference, if exist, switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is high, then disconnect the interior switch of group of the cell both sides that described terminal voltage is high, and switch in the group of the cell both sides that in closed these two cells, terminal voltage is low; Repeat above step, until the electric quantity balancing of every two cells in each battery subgroup;
Step 5, judge that the electric weight of all cells is whether balanced, if so, finish the equilibrium to battery electric quantity, otherwise jump to step 1,
Wherein, the time for balance of each cell in the time for balance of each battery subgroup and each battery subgroup respectively according to time that discharges and recharges of the electric capacity that is attempted by each battery subgroup two ends and be attempted by each battery subgroup each cell two ends electric capacity discharge and recharge set of time.
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| JP2014158346A (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2014-08-28 | Omron Automotive Electronics Co Ltd | Voltage monitoring apparatus for battery pack |
| CN103280861A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-04 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Battery electric quantity equalizing circuit |
| CN104037881A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-10 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | Electric vehicle battery equalization control method and control method thereof |
| CN104917255A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-09-16 | 深圳东科半导体有限公司 | Equalizing charge and discharge and protection circuit for battery pack |
| WO2017113340A1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2017-07-06 | SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd. | Method and system for balancing battery assembly |
| CN108957341A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 北京摩拜科技有限公司 | Battery capacity collects processing method, apparatus and system |
| CN109273785A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-25 | 北京朗正智能科技有限公司 | Battery maintenance instrument and battery maintenance method |
| CN110745032A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 江苏威蜂动力工业有限公司 | Balance control system and method for automobile lithium battery |
| CN112968491A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-15 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | Voltage balance control method and control system among super capacitor modules |
| CN113629807A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-09 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Transformer inductance resistance battery equalization circuit |
| CN113725973A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-11-30 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Battery equalization circuit for capacitor and passive resistor of active transformer |
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