CN114235175B - Single photon sequential detection array, system, method, apparatus and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application provides a single photon sequential detection array, a system, a method, an apparatus and a storage medium, the single photon sequential detection array comprising: the system comprises a first single photon detector, a plurality of gating signal shapers and corresponding second single photon detectors, wherein the first single photon detector is always in an enabling state after being electrified, the second single photon detector is in a closing state at the initial moment of electrification, the single photon detector is used for generating an avalanche effect when detecting single photons in the enabling state, outputting detection pulses and entering dead time, and the gating signal shapers are used for shaping the received detection pulses into gating signals and outputting the gating signals to the corresponding second single photon detectors of the gating signal shapers so as to enable the second single photon detectors to be in the enabling state. The method realizes the continuous enabling of the multi-single photon detector by using a sequential connection mode, so that the rapid detection of sub-dead time or dead time-free time can be realized, and the dead time is reduced or eliminated from the whole single photon sequential detection array.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of quantum communications technologies, and in particular, to a single photon sequential detection array, a system, a method, an apparatus, and a storage medium.
Background
With the rapid development of visible light communication, quantum radar, quantum communication, and the like, the demand for high-sensitivity single photon detection technology is becoming more and more urgent. Currently, the sensitivity limit of single photon detection equipment can reach 10-19J level, and the single photon detection equipment has extremely high application value in communication. However, although the existing single photon detector can increase the communication distance, the extremely small detection area makes the link alignment difficult, and the practical application of the system is limited because the communication system based on the existing single photon detector has the defects of short transmission distance and high optical collimation requirement in consideration of the conditions such as dead time effect, detection efficiency, device secondary effect (dark counting and post pulse) and the like.
Aiming at the problems, the detection area and the receiving angle of the receiver can be increased by adopting an array form, and the sensitivity, the detection efficiency, the robustness and the dynamic range of the system are improved. However, the single photon detection array commonly used in the current single photon is formed by using a planar multi-array element mode, and a plurality of detection array elements are connected in parallel. When the array in the mode is used in single photon communication, a plurality of array elements can enter dead time simultaneously along with the change of light receiving conditions, and the performance of eliminating the dead time of the whole array is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a single photon sequential detection array, a system, a method, a device and a storage medium, which are used for solving the problem that the single photon detection array in the prior art has poor dead time eliminating performance as a whole, and the technical scheme is as follows:
a single photon sequential detection array comprising: the system comprises a first single-photon detector, a plurality of gating signal shapers and corresponding second single-photon detectors, wherein the plurality of gating signal shapers and the corresponding second single-photon detectors are sequentially connected in series, the output end of any gating signal shapers is connected with the enabling end of the corresponding second single-photon detector, the input end of any gating signal shapers is connected with the output end of the corresponding second single-photon detector of the previous gating signal shapers, the input end of the first gating signal shapers is connected with the output end of the first single-photon detector, the first single-photon detector is always in an enabling state after being electrified, and the second single-photon detector is in a closing state at the initial moment of electrification;
any one of the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector is used for generating an avalanche effect when detecting single photons in an enabling state, outputting detection pulses and entering dead time;
each gating signal shaper in the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the target single photon detector through an input end, shaping the detection pulses into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to a second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shapers so as to enable the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shapers; the target single photon detector is a first single photon detector, and for other gating signal shapers except the first gating signal shapers in the plurality of gating signal shapers, the target single photon detector is a second single photon detector corresponding to the previous gating signal shapers of the gating signal shapers, and the waveform rising time of the gating signal shaped by one gating signal shapers is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shapers.
Optionally, the gating signal shaper includes: the input end of the reactance circuit is the input end of the gating signal shaper, the output end of the reactance circuit is connected with the first input end of the modulator, the second input end of the modulator is used for inputting a preset reference signal, the frequency of the preset reference signal is the inverse of the minimum response time of the enabling end of the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector, the output end of the modulator is connected with the input end of the low pass filter, the output end of the low pass filter is connected with the input end of the amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is the output end of the gating signal shaper, and the filtering cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is 2 times of the frequency of the preset reference signal.
Optionally, the reactance circuit includes: the power supply comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a capacitor and a triode, wherein the first end of the first resistor is grounded, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the input end of a reactance circuit, the first end of the capacitor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with a power supply, the negative electrode of the triode is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the positive electrode of the triode is connected with the output end of the reactance circuit, the first end of the third resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the triode, and the second end of the third resistor is grounded.
Optionally, the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector are SPAD single photon detectors, or PMA single photon detectors.
A single photon sequential detection system, comprising: at least one single photon sequential detection array and array signal processor as described in any one of the preceding claims;
and the array signal processor is used for synthesizing detection signals respectively output by the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector in the at least one single photon sequential detection array into an array total output signal.
A single photon sequential detection method applied to the single photon sequential detection array of any one of the above, or applied to the single photon sequential detection system as described above, comprising:
detecting single photons by a first single photon detector to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photons are detected, outputting detection pulses, and entering dead time;
receiving detection pulses output by the target single photon detectors through a plurality of gating signal shapers, shaping the detection pulses output by the target single photon detectors into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to corresponding second single photon detectors so as to enable the corresponding second single photon detectors to be in an enabling state; a first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a second single photon detector corresponding to a previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of a gating signal shaped by one gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper;
the single photons are detected by corresponding second single photon detectors so that upon detection of the second single photon an avalanche effect occurs, outputting a detection pulse and entering a dead time.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
after the first single photon detector is annealed, single photons are detected by the first single photon detector or a second single photon detector in an enabled state, wherein the first single photon detector anneal characterizes a first single photon detector exit dead time.
A single photon sequential detection device applied to a single photon sequential detection array as described in any one of the above, or to a single photon sequential detection system as described above, comprising: the device comprises a first single photon detection module, a detection pulse shaping module and a first single photon detection module;
the first single photon detection module is used for detecting single photons through the first single photon detector so as to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photons are detected, output detection pulses and enter dead time;
the detection pulse shaping module is used for receiving detection pulses output by the target single-photon detectors through a plurality of gating signal shapers, shaping the detection pulses output by the target single-photon detectors into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to the corresponding second single-photon detectors so as to enable the corresponding second single-photon detectors; a first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a second single photon detector corresponding to a previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of a gating signal shaped by one gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper;
and the second single photon detection module is used for detecting single photons through the corresponding second single photon detector so as to generate an avalanche effect when the second single photons are detected, output detection pulses and enter dead time.
Optionally, the method further comprises: a third single photon detection module;
and the third single photon detection module is used for detecting single photons through the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector in an enabled state after the first single photon detector is annealed, wherein the first single photon detector is annealed to characterize the exit dead time of the first single photon detector.
A readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of a single photon sequential detection method as described in any of the above.
According to the technical scheme, the single photon sequential detection array comprises a first single photon detector, a plurality of gating signal shapers and corresponding second single photon detectors, wherein the gating signal shapers and the corresponding second single photon detectors are sequentially connected in series, the first single photon detector is always in an enabled state after power-on, the second single photon detector is in a closed state at the power-on initial moment, any one of the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector is used for generating an avalanche effect when a single photon is detected in the enabled state, outputting detection pulses and entering dead time, each gating signal shapers of the gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the target single photon detector through an input end, shaping the detection pulses into gating signals and outputting the gating signals to the corresponding second single photon detector of the gating signal shapers so that the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shapers is in the enabled state. It can be seen that the single photon sequential detection array provided in the embodiments of the present application uses a sequential connection manner to realize sequential enabling of multiple single photon detectors (i.e., the first single photon detector and each second single photon detector), that is, the detection time of the multiple single photon detectors is separated, after a single photon detector enters dead time, other single photon detectors can continuously perform single photon detection, so that sub-dead time or rapid detection without dead time can be realized, and the dead time is reduced or eliminated from the whole single photon sequential detection array.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon sequential detection array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a gating signal shaper according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon sequential detection system according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a single photon sequential detection method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a single photon sequential detection device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the inventor of the present application has conducted intensive research and finally proposes a single photon sequential detection array, a system, a method, a device and a storage medium. The single photon sequential detection array provided in the present application will be described in detail first by the following examples.
Referring to fig. 1, a single photon sequential detection array 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application may include: a first single photon detector 11 (i.e., single photon detector 0 in fig. 1), a plurality of gating signal shapers 12 (i.e., gating signal shapers 1-N in fig. 1, N being a positive integer greater than or equal to 1), and a corresponding second single photon detector 13 (i.e., single photon detectors 1-N in fig. 1).
Alternatively, both the first single photon detector 11 and the second single photon detector 13 may be SPAD single photon detectors, or PMA single photon detectors, and of course, the first single photon detector 11 and the second single photon detector 13 may also be other single photon detectors, which is not limited in this application.
Still referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the plurality of gating signal shapers 12 and the corresponding second single photon detectors 13 are sequentially connected in series, wherein the output end of any one gating signal shapers 12 is connected to the enable end of the corresponding second single photon detector 13, the input end is connected to the output end of the second single photon detector 13 corresponding to the previous gating signal shapers 12, and the input end of the first gating signal shapers 12 is connected to the output end of the first single photon detector 11.
The first single photon detector 11 is always in an enabled state after power-on, and the second single photon detector 13 is in a turned-off state at the initial time of power-on.
Based on this, either one of the first single photon detector 11 and the second single photon detector 13 may be used to generate an avalanche effect when a single photon is detected in an enabled state, output a detection pulse, and enter a dead time.
Each gating signal shaper 12 of the plurality of gating signal shapers 12 may be configured to receive, via an input, a detection pulse output by a target single photon detector, shape the detection pulse into a gating signal, and output the gating signal to a second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper, so that the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper is in an enabled state.
Wherein, for the first gating signal shaper, the target single photon detector is a first single photon detector; for other gating signal shapers of the plurality of gating signal shapers except for the first gating signal shapers, the target single photon detector is a second single photon detector corresponding to the previous gating signal shapers of the gating signal shapers; the waveform rising time of the gating signal shaped by the gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper.
That is, the operation of the first single photon detector 11, the plurality of gating signal shapers 12 and the corresponding second single photon detector 13 will be described with reference to fig. 1, and the operation may include: after the single photon sequential detection array is electrified and started, the single photon detector 0 is in an enabling state, and the single photon detectors 1-N are in a closing state; when single photons enter the outside, the single photon detector 0 detects the single photons, an avalanche effect occurs, detection pulses are output from an output end, and dead time is entered; the gating signal shaper 1 receives detection pulses output by the single photon detector 0 through an input end, shapes the detection pulses into gating signals, and outputs the gating signals to the single photon detector 1 corresponding to the gating signal shaper 1; the single photon detector 1 is in an enabling state under the action of a gating signal output by the gating signal shaper 1, when single photons enter from the outside, the single photon detector 1 detects the single photons, an avalanche effect occurs, detection pulses are output from an output end, and meanwhile dead time is entered; the gating signal shaper 2 receives detection pulses output by the single photon detector 1 through an input end, shapes the detection pulses into gating signals, and outputs the gating signals to the single photon detector 2 corresponding to the gating signal shaper 2; …, and so on.
It should be noted that, the detection pulses output by the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector are not directly input to the enable end of the next second single photon detector, but need to be shaped by the gating signal shaper because: the detection pulses output by the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector are approximately rectangular, and the high-frequency components of the edges of the rectangular pulses are rich, so that the distortion is large when the rectangular pulses are transmitted in a control system, the control sequence is disordered, for example, the next second single photon detector is in an enabling state in advance or behind due to the fact that the rectangular pulses contain noise, and jitter caused by the noise possibly exceeds a threshold value, so that single photons are re-detected or missed; the gating signal shaper provided by the embodiment of the application shapes the detection pulse, on one hand, noise contained in the detection pulse can be reduced or eliminated, and on the other hand, the detection pulse with a nearly rectangular shape is shaped into the gating signal with a nearly sine wave, so that the waveform rising time of the gating signal is more gentle, and the gating signal can be matched with the enabling response time of the next second single photon detector, and thus the problems of re-detection, missed detection and the like can be effectively prevented.
In summary, the single photon sequential detection array provided in the embodiments of the present application is a queued single photon detection array, and sequential enabling of multiple single photon detectors (i.e., the first single photon detector and each second single photon detector) is achieved by using a sequential connection manner, that is, detection times of the multiple single photon detectors are separated, after a single photon detector enters dead time, other single photon detectors can perform single photon detection successively, so that sub-dead time or rapid detection without dead time can be achieved, and dead time is reduced or eliminated from the whole single photon sequential detection array. In addition, the single photon sequential detection array provided by the embodiment of the application is simple to realize, has strong engineering practicability, and has important significance in the fields of visible light, quantum radar, quantum detection and the like.
In one embodiment of the present application, a circuit structure of the gating signal shaper is described.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 2, gating signal shaper 12 may include: a reactance circuit 121, a modulator 122, a low pass filter 123 and an amplifier 124. The input end of the reactance circuit is the input end of the gating signal shaper, the output end of the reactance circuit is connected with the first input end of the modulator, the second input end of the modulator is used for inputting a preset reference signal, the frequency of the preset reference signal is the inverse of the minimum response time of the enabling end of the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector, the output end of the modulator is connected with the input end of the low-pass filter, the output end of the low-pass filter is connected with the input end of the amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is the output end of the gating signal shaper, and the filtering cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is 2 times that of the reference signal.
Based on the above, after the detection pulse is input to the gating signal shaper, the detection pulse can be shaped through the reactance circuit, then modulated onto a preset reference signal through the modulator, filtered through the low-pass filter, and amplified through the amplifier to form a gating signal for enabling the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper.
Alternatively, the preset reference signal may be a sine wave signal.
Alternatively, still referring to fig. 2, the reactance circuit 121 may include: the capacitor 1214 comprises a first resistor 1211, a second resistor 1212, a third resistor 1213, a capacitor 1214 and a triode 1215, wherein the first end of the first resistor 1211 is grounded, the second end of the first resistor 1211 is connected with the input end of the reactance circuit 121, the first end of the capacitor 1214 is connected with the second end of the first resistor 1211, the second end of the second resistor 1212 is connected with a power supply, the negative electrode of the triode 1215 is connected with the first end of the second resistor 1212, the positive electrode of the third resistor 1213 is connected with the positive electrode of the triode 1215, and the second end of the third resistor 1213 is grounded.
In summary, aiming at the problem that the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector in the gating mode generate capacitive noise to submerge avalanche signals, the gating signal shaper provided by the embodiment of the invention can shape an anti-distortion gating signal with the phase aligned with an ideal pulse waveform according to the frequency domain characteristic of a detection pulse, and is used for matching the waveform rising time of the gating signal with the enabling response time of the single photon detector when the enabling end of the single photon detector is controlled, thereby accurately controlling the enabling time and effectively preventing the problems of re-detection, omission and the like in the continuing process.
In an alternative embodiment, the embodiment of the present application further provides a single photon sequential detection system, as shown in fig. 3, including: at least one single photon sequential detection array 1 as provided in the present application above, and an array signal processor 2.
The array signal processor can be used for synthesizing detection signals respectively output by the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector in at least one single photon sequential detection array into an array total output signal for processing in the aspect of subsequent communication.
When the single-photon sequential detection system provided by the embodiment of the application includes a plurality of single-photon sequential detection arrays 1, the plurality of single-photon sequential detection arrays 1 are arranged in parallel, so that the detection performance is better, the probability that the first single-photon detector 11 and the second single-photon detector 13 included in the plurality of single-photon sequential detection arrays 1 are all trapped in dead time is greatly reduced, and the single-photon detection efficiency is effectively improved.
The embodiment of the application also provides a single photon sequential detection method which can be applied to the single photon sequential detection array provided by the application or the single photon sequential detection system provided by the application. Optionally, referring to fig. 4, the single photon sequential detection method provided in the embodiment of the present application may include:
step S401, detecting a single photon by a first single photon detector, so as to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photon is detected, outputting a detection pulse, and entering a dead time.
Step S402, receiving detection pulses output by the target single photon detector through a plurality of gating signal shapers, shaping the detection pulses output by the target single photon detector into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to the corresponding second single photon detectors so as to enable the corresponding second single photon detectors.
The first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of the other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the second single photon detector corresponding to the previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of the gating signal shaped by the gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper.
Step S403, detecting a single photon by a corresponding second single photon detector, so as to generate an avalanche effect when the second single photon is detected, output a detection pulse, and enter a dead time.
Through the steps S401 to S403, the single photons entering from the outside can be sequentially detected.
The single photon sequential detection method provided in the present application and the single photon sequential detection array and the single photon sequential detection system provided in the present application may correspond to each other, and detailed description in the foregoing embodiments may be referred to, and will not be repeated here.
In an alternative embodiment, the embodiments of the present application may detect a single photon by the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector in an enabled state after the first single photon detector anneal, wherein the first single photon detector anneal characterizes the first single photon detector exit dead time.
Specifically, the first single photon detector 11 does not detect a single photon after entering the dead time even if still in the enabled state, and when the first single photon detector 11 detects a single photon and anneals, since the first single photon detector 11 is in the enabled state, when an external single photon enters, the first single photon detector 11 can continue to detect the entering single photon, and of course, the second single photon detector currently in the enabled state can also detect the entering single photon. For example, for the single photon sequential detection array shown in fig. 1, assuming that the single photon detector 0 is in an enabled state after detecting and annealing the single photon detector 3, when the outside world enters the single photon, the single photon detector 0 or the single photon detector 3 may detect the single photon in the embodiments of the present application.
The embodiment of the application further provides a single-photon sequential detection device, and the single-photon sequential detection device and the single-photon sequential detection method described below can be referred to correspondingly.
The single-photon sequential detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application may be applied to a single-photon sequential detection array provided in the present application or a single-photon sequential detection system provided in the present application, refer to fig. 5, which shows a schematic structural diagram of the single-photon sequential detection device provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 5, where the single-photon sequential detection device may include: a first single photon detection module 501, a detection pulse shaping module 502, and a second single photon detection module 503.
The first single photon detection module 501 is configured to detect a single photon by using a first single photon detector, so as to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photon is detected, output a detection pulse, and enter a dead time.
The detection pulse shaping module 502 is configured to receive detection pulses output by the target single-photon detector through a plurality of gating signal shapers, shape the detection pulses output by the target single-photon detector into gating signals, and output the gating signals to the corresponding second single-photon detectors, so that the corresponding second single-photon detectors are in an enabled state; the first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of the other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the second single photon detector corresponding to the previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of the gating signal shaped by the gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper.
The second single photon detection module 503 is configured to detect a single photon by using a corresponding second single photon detector, so as to generate an avalanche effect when the second single photon is detected, output a detection pulse, and enter a dead time.
In one possible implementation manner, the single photon sequential detection device provided by the application may further include: and a third single photon detection module.
The third single photon detection module may be configured to detect a single photon by the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector in an enabled state after annealing the first single photon detector, wherein the annealing of the first single photon detector characterizes an exit dead time of the first single photon detector.
The embodiment of the application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when being executed by a processor, implements a single photon sequential detection method as described above.
Alternatively, the refinement function and the extension function of the program may be described with reference to the above.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A single photon sequential detection array comprising: the system comprises a first single-photon detector, a plurality of gating signal shapers and corresponding second single-photon detectors, wherein the gating signal shapers and the corresponding second single-photon detectors are sequentially connected in series, the output end of any gating signal shapers is connected with the enabling end of the corresponding second single-photon detector, the input end of any gating signal shapers is connected with the output end of the second single-photon detector corresponding to the previous gating signal shapers, the input end of the first gating signal shapers is connected with the output end of the first single-photon detector, the first single-photon detector is always in an enabling state after being electrified, and the second single-photon detector is in a closing state at the initial moment of electrification;
any one of the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector is used for generating an avalanche effect when detecting single photons in an enabling state, outputting detection pulses and entering dead time;
each gating signal shaper in the plurality of gating signal shapers is configured to receive the detection pulse output by the target single photon detector through an input end, shape the detection pulse into a gating signal, and output the gating signal to a second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper, so that the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper is in an enabled state; for the first gating signal shaper, the target single photon detector is the first single photon detector, and for other gating signal shapers except for the first gating signal shaper in the plurality of gating signal shapers, the target single photon detector is a second single photon detector corresponding to a previous gating signal shaper of the gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of a gating signal shaped by one gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper.
2. The single photon sequential detection array according to claim 1, wherein the gating signal shaper comprises: the input end of the reactance circuit is the input end of the gating signal shaper, the output end of the reactance circuit is connected with the first input end of the modulator, the second input end of the modulator is used for inputting a preset reference signal, the frequency of the preset reference signal is the inverse of the minimum response time of the enabling end of the first single photon detector or the second single photon detector, the output end of the modulator is connected with the input end of the low pass filter, the output end of the low pass filter is connected with the input end of the amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is the output end of the gating signal shaper, and the filtering cut-off frequency of the low pass filter is 2 times of the frequency of the preset reference signal.
3. The single photon sequential detection array according to claim 2, wherein the reactance circuit comprises: the capacitor comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a capacitor and a triode, wherein the first end of the first resistor is grounded, the second end of the first resistor is connected with the input end of the reactance circuit, the first end of the capacitor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, the second end of the capacitor is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the second end of the second resistor is connected with a power supply, the negative electrode of the triode is connected with the first end of the second resistor, the positive electrode of the triode is connected with the output end of the reactance circuit, the first end of the third resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the triode, and the second end of the third resistor is grounded.
4. The single photon sequential detection array of claim 2, wherein the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector are SPAD single photon detectors, or PMA single photon detectors.
5. A single photon sequential detection system, comprising: at least one single photon sequential detection array and array signal processor according to any one of claims 1 to 4;
and the array signal processor is used for synthesizing detection signals respectively output by the first single photon detector and the second single photon detector in the at least one single photon sequential detection array into an array total output signal.
6. A single photon sequential detection method, applied to the single photon sequential detection array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or to the single photon sequential detection system according to claim 5, comprising:
detecting single photons by the first single photon detector so as to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photons are detected, outputting detection pulses and entering dead time;
receiving detection pulses output by a target single-photon detector through the gating signal shapers, shaping the detection pulses output by the target single-photon detector into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to corresponding second single-photon detectors so as to enable the corresponding second single-photon detectors to be in an enabling state; a first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a second single photon detector corresponding to a previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of a gating signal shaped by one gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper;
and detecting the single photon by the corresponding second single photon detector so as to generate avalanche effect when the second single photon is detected, outputting detection pulse and entering dead time.
7. The single photon sequential detection method according to claim 6, further comprising:
detecting the single photon by the first single photon detector or a second single photon detector in an enabled state after the first single photon detector is annealed, wherein the first single photon detector anneal characterizes the first single photon detector exit dead time.
8. A single photon sequential detection apparatus, characterized by being applied to a single photon sequential detection array according to any one of claims 1 to 4, or to a single photon sequential detection system according to claim 5, comprising: the device comprises a first single photon detection module, a detection pulse shaping module and a second single photon detection module;
the first single photon detection module is used for detecting single photons through the first single photon detector so as to generate an avalanche effect when the first single photons are detected, output detection pulses and enter dead time;
the detection pulse shaping module is used for receiving detection pulses output by the target single-photon detectors through the plurality of gating signal shapers, shaping the detection pulses output by the target single-photon detectors into gating signals, and outputting the gating signals to corresponding second single-photon detectors so as to enable the corresponding second single-photon detectors; a first gating signal shaper of the plurality of gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by the first single photon detector, each gating signal shaper of other gating signal shapers is used for receiving detection pulses output by a second single photon detector corresponding to a previous gating signal shaper, and the waveform rising time of a gating signal shaped by one gating signal shaper is matched with the enabling response time of the second single photon detector corresponding to the gating signal shaper;
the second single photon detection module is configured to detect the single photon by using the corresponding second single photon detector, so as to generate an avalanche effect when the second single photon is detected, output a detection pulse, and enter dead time.
9. The single photon sequential detection device according to claim 8, further comprising: a third single photon detection module;
the third single photon detection module is configured to detect the single photon by the first single photon detector or a second single photon detector in an enabled state after the first single photon detector is annealed, where the first single photon detector annealing characterizes an exit dead time of the first single photon detector.
10. A readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the single photon sequential detection method according to any one of claims 6 to 7.
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