CN114230849A - Preparation method of porous aerogel with efficient photo-thermal conversion - Google Patents
Preparation method of porous aerogel with efficient photo-thermal conversion Download PDFInfo
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- CN114230849A CN114230849A CN202010943213.3A CN202010943213A CN114230849A CN 114230849 A CN114230849 A CN 114230849A CN 202010943213 A CN202010943213 A CN 202010943213A CN 114230849 A CN114230849 A CN 114230849A
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- polyvinyl alcohol
- sodium alginate
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0484—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2429/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2429/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/02—Polyamines
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of porous aerogel with efficient photo-thermal conversion. The first step is as follows: preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel; the second step is that: preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel; the third step: and (3) preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel. The invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate as raw materials, thereby preparing hydrogel with a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the hydrogel can form a stable three-dimensional porous structure in the freeze drying process. Under the condition of solar illumination, due to the fact that polyaniline has a low heat conductivity coefficient, an effective local heat effect can be generated, and solar energy utilization efficiency and photo-thermal conversion efficiency are improved. The preparation method is simple, mild in condition and low in cost, and can be applied to the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a photothermal conversion composite material, in particular to a preparation method of a porous aerogel which takes natural macromolecules as base materials and has high-efficiency photothermal conversion.
Background
The population of the world increases, and industrial facilities are rapidly developed, so that the water resource consumption is accelerated at the present stage, and further, the shortage of fresh water resources is caused. The method of membrane separation, ion exchange resin, capacitive deionization and the like is adopted to obtain clean fresh water resources from waste water or seawater, and the method is widely researched. These methods have been commercialized, but are difficult to be practiced in remote areas such as rural areas due to their high cost, high energy consumption, complex industrial facilities, and the like. Solar energy is a sustainable green energy, is inexhaustible, is applied to the fields of salt water desalination, liquid phase separation, sterilization and the like, and is greatly concerned by people. At present, the solar material has low photo-thermal conversion efficiency and high requirement on illumination intensity, so that the use of the solar material in a natural environment is limited.
Therefore, developing materials with broadband efficient solar absorption, local thermal effect, fast water replenishment and favorable steam escape channels would be an effective way to achieve efficient photothermal conversion.
Polyaniline has the characteristics of wide absorption range, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and the like in solar spectrum, and can generate effective local thermal effect due to low thermal conductivity, so that polyaniline can be reasonably selected as a photo-thermal material at present. The porous structure of the aerogel undoubtedly will give the photothermal material a better light and water absorption capacity, providing channels for the transmission of water inside the aerogel and the escape of water vapor. The preparation method is simple, mild in condition and low in cost, and can be widely applied to the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of porous aerogel with efficient photothermal conversion, which is simple, mild in conditions, high in photothermal conversion efficiency, low in price and capable of being popularized in a large scale. The invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate as raw materials, thereby preparing hydrogel with a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the hydrogel can form a stable three-dimensional porous structure in the freeze drying process, thereby being beneficial to the transmission of water and the dissipation of water vapor.
The present invention can be realized by the following technical means, which are characterized as follows.
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: dissolving 1-10 parts of the polyvinyl alcohol in 100 parts of deionized water, stirring and refluxing for 2-4 hours at 80-95 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate. Adding 1-10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-1 mol/L, then dropwise adding 1-10 parts of glutaraldehyde, and standing at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2-4 h to gelatinize. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 0.2-1 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.02-0.1 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 1-12 h, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) at the temperature of-25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then freezing and drying the hydrogel at the temperature of-50 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
The polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel prepared by the freeze drying method has the following advantages and positive effects: (1) the invention adopts polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate as raw materials, thereby preparing hydrogel with a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, and the hydrogel can form a stable three-dimensional porous structure in the freeze drying process, thereby being beneficial to the transmission of water and the dissipation of water vapor. (2) Polyaniline has wide absorption range, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and lower thermal conductivity in solar spectrum, and can generate effective local thermal effect. (3) Compared with the existing materials, the synthetic process of the preparation method is simple, the conditions are mild, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency is high, the price is low, and the preparation method can be popularized and applied in a large scale. The invention shows high-efficiency solar energy utilization rate and can be used in the fields of seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a physical diagram of a highly efficient photothermal conversion porous aerogel; the left side of the figure 1 (a) is polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate aerogel, and the right side of the figure 1 (a) is polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel; FIG. 1 (b) is a floating diagram.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of a porous aerogel with high efficiency photothermal conversion, fig. 2 (a) surface morphology of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate aerogel; FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate aerogel; FIG. 2 (c) is an enlarged view of the inside of the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate aerogel; FIG. 2 (d) shows the surface morphology of a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel; FIG. 2 (e) a cross-sectional shape of a polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel; fig. 2 (f) is an enlarged view of the inside of the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the light cycle performance of the porous aerogel for high efficiency photothermal conversion.
FIG. 4 shows the evaporation rates of the porous aerogel for high efficiency photothermal conversion to different liquids, the saline-alkali water being from the Xinjiang rock river area; the oil-water mixture is emulsified oil obtained by dispersing 1 g of dimethyl silicone oil in 100 mL of water.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used were all conventional methods, and the reagents, materials and the like used were all available from chemical reagents companies.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: 1 is dissolved in 100 parts of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 2 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. 1 part of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L is added into the solution, 1 part of glutaraldehyde is added dropwise, and the solution is kept at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2 hours to be gelled. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 0.2 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.02 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 1 h, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 1 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then, freezing and drying the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: 4 is dissolved in 100 parts of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 3 hours at the temperature of 85 ℃ to obtain the mixed solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and the sodium alginate. 4 parts of a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 0.4 mol/L was added thereto, 4 parts of glutaraldehyde was further added dropwise, and left at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 3 hours to gel it. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 0.4 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.04 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 4 hours, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 2 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then freezing and drying the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 16 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
Example 3
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: 8, dissolving in 100 parts of deionized water, stirring and refluxing for 4 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. 8 parts of a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 0.8 mol/L was added thereto, 8 parts of glutaraldehyde was further added dropwise, and left at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 4 hours to gel it. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 0.8 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.08 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 8 hours, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 3 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then freezing and drying the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 20 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
Example 4
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: 10 is dissolved in 100 parts of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 4 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. 10 parts of a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 1 mol/L was added thereto, 10 parts of glutaraldehyde was further added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2 hours to gel. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 1 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.1 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 12 hours, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 4 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then, freezing and drying the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
Example 5
(1) Preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: 10 is dissolved in 100 parts of deionized water, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed for 4 hours at the temperature of 95 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate. 10 parts of a hydrochloric acid solution having a concentration of 1 mol/L was added thereto, 4 parts of glutaraldehyde was further added dropwise thereto, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2 hours to gel. Freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel.
(2) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: and (2) sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the step (1) in 1 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.08 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 4 hours, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel.
(3) Preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: and (3) freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the step (2) in the embodiment 5 at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then, freezing and drying the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The porous aerogel with efficient photothermal conversion is characterized by being prepared by combining hydrogel-based hydrophilic macromolecules and photothermal conversion components and freeze-drying the combination; the hydrogel-based hydrophilic macromolecular aqueous solution is prepared by blending polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and a cross-linking agent; the photothermal conversion is classified into polyaniline.
2. The porous aerogel with high efficiency photothermal conversion according to claim 1, wherein sodium alginate contains rich oxygen-containing functional groups, is mainly used for increasing the hydrophilicity of the aerogel in the invention, and can be replaced by one or more of cellulose, chitosan, lignin, pectin and their derivatives.
3. The porous aerogel having high photothermal conversion efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the photothermal conversion component polyaniline is prepared by initiating aniline monomer with ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate or azobisisobutyronitrile.
4. The porous aerogel with high efficiency of photothermal conversion according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is glutaraldehyde.
5. A preparation method of porous aerogel with efficient photothermal conversion is characterized by comprising the following steps (the amount of the materials is taken in parts by weight):
(1) preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel: mixing polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate according to a mass ratio of 1: dissolving 1-10 parts of the polyvinyl alcohol in 100 parts of deionized water, stirring and refluxing for 2-4 hours at 80-95 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate; adding 1-10 parts of hydrochloric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-1 mol/L, then dropwise adding 1-10 parts of glutaraldehyde, and standing at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2-4 h to gelatinize; freezing the obtained hydrogel at-25 ℃ for 2 h, taking out, unfreezing at room temperature of 25 ℃ for 2 h, and performing freezing-unfreezing cycle for 3 times to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel;
(2) preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel: sequentially soaking the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate hydrogel obtained in the claim 1 in 0.2-1 mol/L aniline monomer solution and 0.02-0.1 mol/L ammonium persulfate solution for 1-12 h, and then soaking in deionized water to wash until the pH value is neutral, thus obtaining the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel;
(3) preparing polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel: freezing the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline hydrogel obtained in the claim 2 at the temperature of-25 ℃ for 12 hours, and then freezing and drying at the temperature of-50 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate/polyaniline aerogel.
6. The porous aerogel with high efficiency photothermal conversion according to claim 5, wherein the aniline monomer solution is prepared by dissolving 0.2-1 mol/L aniline monomer in 100 parts of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
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