CN113024884B - Composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
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- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
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- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention relates to a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate, which comprises a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, a carbon-based Chinese ink coating and a titanium dioxide coating; wherein, a plurality of gel inner pore channels exist in the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, and the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is composed of nano particles; the lower surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the upper surface of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, the upper surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the lower surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating, and the upper surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating is attached to the lower surface of the titanium dioxide coating. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the in-situ conversion and utilization of solar energy are facilitated; the efficiency of solar seawater evaporation and desalination is improved; effectively enhancing the water transport capacity of the gel and playing a role in stabilizing the carbon-based Chinese ink coating; the defects that the solar energy loss is overlarge and the evaporation energy is too low in the conventional solar evaporation design, so that the evaporation rate is low are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of photo-thermal evaporation materials, and particularly relates to a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fresh water is an indispensable resource for the development of the human society at present. With the development of human society and the progress of science and technology, there have been various industrial methods for obtaining fresh water resources. Since the sea water resources on earth are abundant, research and development of desalination of sea water is very important, and there have been several efforts for practical applications, such as permeation and reverse osmosis methods based on separation methods, electric heating and direct heating methods based on evaporation, the latter being widely used in the middle east. In order to obtain fresh water of drinking grade quality, an evaporation-based method is necessary. The principle of obtaining the fresh water resource by evaporation is that the water absorbs energy under a certain air pressure and changes phase state, and most of substances dissolved in water, such as halogen substances, cannot change phase state with the water, so that impurities in the water are separated out, and the fresh water resource with high purity is obtained. However, the energy demand for evaporation is correspondingly high, and the evaporation method based on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and the like has high cost, and is only suitable for large-scale water-deficient areas with abundant energy and high economic level. For coastal or island areas with large population dispersion, underdeveloped economy and scarce fresh water, how to obtain fresh water at low cost is a problem to be solved.
Solar evaporation systems have received increasing attention in recent years due to the abundance and ready availability of solar energy resources, which greatly reduces energy costs. However, water has high phase-change enthalpy at normal temperature and pressure, and high-speed evaporation of water cannot be satisfied by directly utilizing energy input of sunlight.
The hydrogel is a three-dimensional space network structure formed by crosslinking hydrophilic polymer chains, and a multi-component dispersion system with a large amount of water filled in structural gaps. Based on the structural characteristics of the hydrogel, the hydrogel can be used as an evaporation carrier for efficient solar seawater evaporation through reasonable functional design. The functional design comprises the operations of forming a double-network structure, photo-thermal coating modification, hydrophilic modification and the like by combining with photo-thermal materials through physical and chemical actions, and the formed composite multi-element hydrogel material is used for efficiently absorbing solar energy and evaporating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate and a preparation method thereof.
The composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate consists of a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, a carbon-based Chinese ink coating and a titanium dioxide coating; wherein, a plurality of gel inner pore channels exist in the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, and the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is composed of nano particles; the lower surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the upper surface of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton, the upper surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the lower surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating, and the upper surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating is attached to the lower surface of the titanium dioxide coating; a conformal titanium dioxide coating is also deposited on the surface of the inner pore channel wall of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton; the components of the composite quaternary hydrogel are as follows: polyvinyl alcohol, polypyrrole, carbon-based Chinese ink and titanium dioxide.
Preferably, the weight fraction of the components of the composite quaternary hydrogel includes 1000 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of polypyrrole, 100 parts of carbon-based Chinese ink and 1 part of titanium dioxide.
Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol has a weight average molecular weight of 13000g/mol to 23000g/mol, the polypyrrole is a nanoparticle, and the titanium dioxide is a 5nm thick atomic layer deposition nanolayer.
The preparation method of the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate comprises the following steps:
and 7, after the carbon-based Chinese ink is completely dried, performing atomic layer deposition operation on the freeze-dried gel coated with the carbon-based Chinese ink to stabilize the ink coating and realize hydrophilic improvement and modification of a gel micro-pore channel: firstly, determining a reaction precursor according to the functional requirement of a deposition layer; then setting the reaction cycle times according to the thickness requirement of the deposition layer; after the setting is completed and the reaction cavity reaches the reaction temperature, placing the freeze-dried gel in the reaction cavity, and starting the atomic layer deposition operation to obtain a conformal titanium dioxide coating, thereby effectively enhancing the water transport capacity of the gel and playing a role in stabilizing the carbon-based Chinese ink coating;
Preferably, the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to be prepared in the step 1 is 10%, the addition amount of the polyvinyl alcohol corresponds to the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to be prepared, and the polyvinyl alcohol is placed in distilled water and heated to 80 ℃; the mass fraction of the polypyrrole solution added into the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 10%, and the mass ratio of the added polypyrrole solution to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1: 10; the mixing time of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the polypyrrole solution was 30 minutes.
Preferably, a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 50% is added in the step 2, and the addition amount of the glutaraldehyde is 3% calculated according to the proportion of the glutaraldehyde and the polyvinyl alcohol; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 3; the addition amount of the 1.2M hydrochloric acid corresponds to the pH value of the mixed solution after adjustment, and the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid is 10 percent according to the proportion of the hydrochloric acid and the polyvinyl alcohol; the duration of the gel process of the mixed solution is 5-6 hours.
Preferably, the gel in step 3 is allowed to stand in distilled water for 10 hours.
Preferably, each cycle of the freeze-thaw cycling process in step 4 is: keeping the pure hydrogel prepared in the step 3 at-20 ℃ for 5 hours, and then keeping the pure hydrogel at room temperature (23 ℃) for 3 hours; the freeze-thaw cycle treatment is carried out for 5 times; the flow of the vacuum freeze drying treatment in the step 5 is as follows: placing the purified hydrogel subjected to freeze-thaw cycle treatment in a cold trap of a freeze dryer for pre-freezing for 10 hours, and then vacuumizing for drying treatment, wherein the pre-freezing temperature is-80 ℃, and the treatment time is 3-4 days.
Preferably, the coating tool in the step 6 is a brush, and experiments show that the brush tool can ensure the uniformity of the thickness of the ink coating on all parts of the gel surface; after the surface of the freeze-dried gel is uniformly coated with carbon-based Chinese ink, the gel is prepared byStanding the freeze-dried gel for 10 hours; in step 7, the reaction precursor is TiCl2(NH4)2And H2O, setting the cycle number of the atomic layer deposition operation to be 125; the gel was soaked in distilled water for 5 hours after deposition in step 8.
The application method of the composite quaternary hydrogel prepared by the preparation method comprises the steps of placing the composite quaternary hydrogel in heat insulation foam with matched size, and contacting the lower part of the composite quaternary hydrogel with a water body; wherein the water body is fresh water or seawater; water is transported to the surface of the titanium dioxide coating through the pore canal inside the gel inside the compound quaternary hydrogel, and the water is evaporated by absorbing sunlight and heating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention relates to a preparation method of a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate; the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking polyvinyl alcohol as a matrix, firstly constructing an interpenetrating network structure of the polyvinyl alcohol and primary photothermal polypyrrole, and facilitating in-situ conversion and utilization of solar energy; secondly, adding a carbon-based Chinese ink coating on the surface of the gel, enhancing the energy absorption of sunlight in a wider range, and improving the efficiency of solar seawater evaporation desalination; the conformal titanium dioxide coating is deposited by adopting an atomic layer deposition technology, so that the water transport capacity of the gel is effectively enhanced, and the function of stabilizing the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is achieved.
2) The composite quaternary hydrogel provided by the invention can fully utilize the input solar energy, and overcomes the defects of overlarge solar energy loss, overlow evaporation energy and low evaporation rate in the conventional solar evaporation design; meanwhile, the sunlight simulator can reach 2 kg/(m) under the illumination condition2H) evaporation rate above, heat loss can be minimized, and the final evaporation rate is increased.
3) The carbon-based Chinese ink coating is added, so that the absorption conversion efficiency of solar energy can be effectively improved, and the carbon-based Chinese ink has excellent photo-thermal conversion capability in the spectrum range of sunlight due to the carbon black nanoparticles. The presence of the animal glue component in the ink can reduce the fluidity of the ink and provide a certain stability to the coating.
4) The conformal titanium dioxide coating with a certain thickness is deposited on the surface of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton by adopting an atomic layer deposition process, because the size of the pore structure in the composite gel prepared by the invention is far smaller than the molecular mean free path of a reaction precursor used for atomic layer deposition, and the freeze-dried gel is a hollow system relative to the reaction precursor, the deposited titanium dioxide coating is uniformly distributed on each part of the gel, including the wall surface of the pore in the gel. The titanium dioxide is a hydrophilic material, and the titanium dioxide deposited on the wall surface of the pore channel can greatly promote the longitudinal transportation and the transverse diffusion of water in the composite gel, so that the requirement of timely water supply in the evaporation process of gel composite is met, and the continuous proceeding of interface evaporation is effectively ensured.
5) Based on the characteristics of the atomic layer deposition process, the conformal titanium dioxide coating formed by the atomic layer deposition process can effectively realize the packaging effect on the composite gel, the stability of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating can be further enhanced by the conformal titanium dioxide coating, the diffusion degree of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating to water in the evaporation process is effectively reduced, and secondary pollution is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an atomic layer of conformal titanium dioxide deposited on top of a carbon-based Chinese ink coating on a gel surface by an atomic layer deposition operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomic layer of conformal titanium dioxide deposited on the inner pore walls of the gel by an atomic layer deposition operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the application of photothermal evaporation and seawater desalination under solar illumination;
description of reference numerals: the composite material comprises a titanium dioxide coating 1, nanoparticles 2, gel inner pore channels 3, a conformal titanium dioxide coating 4, a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton 5, a composite quaternary hydrogel 6, heat insulation foam 7, heat insulation cotton 8 and a water body 9.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are set forth merely to aid in the understanding of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several modifications can be made to the invention without departing from the principle of the invention, and these modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Example 1:
a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the composite quaternary hydrogel is composed of a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton 5, a carbon-based Chinese ink coating and a titanium dioxide coating 1; wherein, a plurality of gel inner pore canals 3 are arranged inside a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton 5, and the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is composed of nano particles 2; the lower surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the upper surface of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton 5, the upper surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the lower surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating 4, and the upper surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating 4 is attached to the lower surface of the titanium dioxide coating 1; the conformal titanium dioxide coating 4 is also deposited on the surface of the inner pore wall of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton 5;
if the weight percentage is calculated, the components of the composite quaternary hydrogel are 1000 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of polypyrrole, 100 parts of carbon-based Chinese ink and 1 part of titanium dioxide; the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 13000g/mol to 23000g/mol, the polypyrrole is a nanoparticle, and the titanium dioxide is a 5nm thick atomic layer deposition nanolayer.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate comprises the following steps:
(1) and (4) dissolving and mixing the materials.
Preparing a gel matrix solution: putting a certain amount of polyvinyl alcohol into distilled water, heating to 80 ℃, putting the polyvinyl alcohol on an electromagnetic stirring table, and stirring to prepare an aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 10%. After complete dissolution, standing for 1h to eliminate bubbles and obtain a clear and transparent solution.
Preparing polypyrrole suspension: and dispersing a certain amount of polypyrrole nano particles in distilled water, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 20min to prepare polypyrrole suspension with the mass fraction of 10%.
Mixing materials: mixing the polyvinyl alcohol solution and the polypyrrole suspension according to the mass ratio (polyvinyl alcohol: polypyrrole) of 10:1, stirring for a period of time to enable the mixture to be uniform, and mixing at room temperature.
(2) Inducing a gelation process.
After the materials are mixed uniformly, firstly adding a cross-linking agent into the solution: a50% glutaraldehyde aqueous solution was added in an amount of 3% by mass (glutaraldehyde: polyvinyl alcohol). After stirring uniformly, a catalyst and a 1.2M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution were added to the solution in an amount of 10% by mass (hydrochloric acid: polyvinyl alcohol) to induce gelation of the solution. The gelation process lasts for about 5 h.
(3) Removing residual unreacted chemical.
The prepared gel is put in distilled water for about 8 hours to completely replace unreacted chemical substances, so that pure composite hydrogel is obtained.
(4) The freezing and thawing method can improve the strength of the composite gel.
And (3) performing freeze-thaw cycling on the gel after replacement, wherein each cycle comprises the following steps: keeping at-20 deg.C for 5h, and keeping at room temperature (23 deg.C) for 3 h; a total of 5 cycles were performed.
(5) The freeze-drying process stabilizes the internal pore structure.
And (4) performing vacuum freeze drying treatment on the gel after freeze thawing circulation to prevent the internal pore structure from being naturally dehydrated and collapsed. And (3) pre-freezing the gel subjected to freeze-thaw cycle in a cold trap of a freeze dryer for 10 hours, vacuumizing and drying, wherein the pre-freezing temperature is-80 ℃, and the treatment time is 4 days.
(6) And (3) performing surface carbon-based Chinese ink coating modification on the freeze-dried gel.
Firstly, the brush is completely soaked in carbon-based Chinese ink, and then the brush is used for coating the ink on the surface of the freeze-dried gel, and experiments show that the brush tool is used for coating to ensure the uniformity of the thickness of the ink coating on each part of the surface of the gel. And after the ink is uniformly coated on the surface of the freeze-dried gel, standing for a period of time, and performing atomic layer deposition operation after the ink is completely dried.
(7) Subjecting the gel to an atomic layer deposition operation to deposit a titanium dioxide coating.
Atomic layer deposition of lyophilized gel coated with carbon-based Chinese ink to stabilize ink coating and to achieve gelationThe hydrophilicity of the pore-viewing channel is improved and modified. The precursor selected in this example is TiCl2(NH4)2And H2O, setting the number of reaction cycles to 125, and depositing titanium dioxide with a thickness of 0.4 a per cycle. And after the program setting is finished and the reaction cavity reaches the reaction temperature, placing the freeze-dried gel in the reaction cavity, and starting the atomic layer deposition operation.
(8) And removing the redundant carbon-based Chinese ink coating.
And after the atomic layer deposition operation is finished, soaking the deposited gel in distilled water for a period of time so as to remove the redundant carbon-based Chinese ink. And replacing distilled water for several times until no ink is obviously diffused, and obtaining the saturated water-containing composite hydrogel for use.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 3, the composite gel prepared in example 2 is applied to an evaporation system device and a practical application scene to test the evaporation performance:
the light receiving area is 4cm by using die cutting2The saturated aqueous composite hydrogel (obtained from the composite gel obtained in example 2) was placed in a mold of a foamed heat insulating material made of white polyethylene foam having a void area of 4cm2. And the heat insulation cotton is wrapped outside the glass vessel, so that the heat conduction loss is avoided. The bottom of the composite hydrogel is contacted with water, and the water in the glass dish can be transported longitudinally and transversely to permeate into each part in the composite gel through the internal pore structure, so that sunlight can be absorbed and utilized in situ on the surface and in the gel for evaporating the water.
The experimental result shows that the temperature is 26 ℃, strong air convection does not exist, and the power is 1kW/m2The evaporation rate of the composite quaternary hydrogel reaches 2.7 kg/(m) on average under the sunlight irradiation condition after deducting the evaporation capacity in the dark state2·h)。
Claims (10)
1. A composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing high solar evaporation rate is characterized in that: the composite quaternary hydrogel consists of a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton (5), a carbon-based Chinese ink coating and a titanium dioxide coating (1); wherein a plurality of gel inner pore channels (3) are arranged inside a polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton (5), and the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is composed of nano particles (2); the lower surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the upper surface of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton (5), the upper surface of the carbon-based Chinese ink coating is attached to the lower surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating (4), and the upper surface of the conformal titanium dioxide coating (4) is attached to the lower surface of the titanium dioxide coating (1); a conformal titanium dioxide coating (4) is also deposited on the surface of the inner pore wall of the polyvinyl alcohol gel matrix skeleton (5); the components of the composite quaternary hydrogel are as follows: polyvinyl alcohol, polypyrrole, carbon-based Chinese ink and titanium dioxide.
2. The composite quaternary hydrogel capable of achieving high solar evaporation rate according to claim 1, wherein: in the components of the composite quaternary hydrogel, by mass fraction, 1000 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 100 parts of polypyrrole, 100 parts of carbon-based Chinese ink and 1 part of titanium dioxide are taken.
3. The composite quaternary hydrogel capable of achieving high solar evaporation rate according to claim 1, wherein: the weight average molecular weight of the polyvinyl alcohol is 13000g/mol to 23000g/mol, the polypyrrole is a nanoparticle, and the titanium dioxide is a 5nm thick atomic layer deposition nanolayer.
4. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, dissolving and mixing materials: putting a certain amount of polyvinyl alcohol into distilled water for heating, and putting a mixed solution of the polyvinyl alcohol and the distilled water on a stirring table for stirring to obtain a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution with a certain concentration; after the polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved in the distilled water, adding a polypyrrole solution into the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and stirring for a period of time;
step 2, after uniformly mixing, adding glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid into the mixed solution prepared in the step 1 to adjust the pH of the mixed solution, inducing the mixed solution to be gelatinized, and continuing the gelation process of the mixed solution for a period of time to obtain gel;
step 3, placing the gel prepared in the step 2 in distilled water for a period of time, and completely replacing unreacted chemical substances to obtain pure hydrogel;
step 4, carrying out freeze-thaw cycle treatment on the pure hydrogel prepared in the step 3;
step 5, carrying out vacuum freeze drying treatment on the pure hydrogel subjected to freeze thawing cycle treatment to obtain freeze-dried gel;
step 6, performing surface coating modification on the freeze-dried gel: completely soaking the carbon-based Chinese ink into the coating tool, and then coating the carbon-based Chinese ink on the surface of the freeze-dried gel by using the coating tool; after uniformly coating carbon-based Chinese ink on the surface of the freeze-dried gel, standing the freeze-dried gel for a period of time;
and 7, after the carbon-based Chinese ink is completely dried, performing atomic layer deposition on the freeze-dried gel coated with the carbon-based Chinese ink: firstly, determining a reaction precursor according to the functional requirement of a deposition layer; then setting the reaction cycle times according to the thickness requirement of the deposition layer; after the setting is finished and the reaction cavity reaches the reaction temperature, placing the freeze-dried gel in the reaction cavity, and starting the atomic layer deposition operation to obtain the conformal titanium dioxide coating (4);
step 8, after the atomic layer deposition operation is finished, soaking the deposited gel in distilled water for a period of time to remove redundant carbon-based Chinese ink; and replacing distilled water for several times until no ink is obviously diffused to obtain the composite quaternary hydrogel.
5. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the mass fraction of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution prepared in the step 1 is 10%, the addition amount of the polyvinyl alcohol corresponds to the mass fraction of the prepared polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, and the polyvinyl alcohol is placed in distilled water and heated to 80 ℃; the mass fraction of the polypyrrole solution added into the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 10%, and the mass ratio of the added polypyrrole solution to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is 1: 10; the mixing time of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and the polypyrrole solution was 30 minutes.
6. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 4, is characterized in that: adding a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 50% in the step 2, and calculating according to the proportion of glutaraldehyde and polyvinyl alcohol, wherein the addition amount of glutaraldehyde is 3%; adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 3; the addition amount of the 1.2M hydrochloric acid corresponds to the pH value of the mixed solution after adjustment, and the addition amount of the hydrochloric acid is 10 percent according to the proportion of the hydrochloric acid and the polyvinyl alcohol; the duration of the gel process of the mixed solution is 5-6 hours.
7. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the standing time of the gel in distilled water in step 3 was 10 hours.
8. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 4, is characterized in that:
each cycle of the freeze-thaw cycle treatment in the step 4 is as follows: keeping the pure hydrogel prepared in the step 3 at-20 ℃ for 5 hours, and then keeping the pure hydrogel at room temperature for 3 hours; the freeze-thaw cycle treatment is carried out for 5 times;
the flow of the vacuum freeze drying treatment in the step 5 is as follows: placing the purified hydrogel subjected to freeze-thaw cycle treatment in a cold trap of a freeze dryer for pre-freezing for 10 hours, and then vacuumizing for drying treatment, wherein the pre-freezing temperature is-80 ℃, and the treatment time is 3-4 days.
9. The method for preparing the composite quaternary hydrogel capable of realizing the high solar evaporation rate according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in the step 6, the coating tool is a brush; uniformly coating carbon-based Chinese ink on the surface of the freeze-dried gel, and standing the freeze-dried gel for 10 hours; the precursor in the step 7 is
And
setting the number of cycles for performing the atomic layer deposition operation to be 125; the gel was soaked in distilled water for 5 hours after deposition in step 8.
10. A method of using the composite quaternary hydrogel prepared by the method of claim 4, wherein: when in application, the composite quaternary hydrogel (6) is placed in the heat-insulating foam (7), and the lower part of the composite quaternary hydrogel is contacted with a water body (9); wherein the water body (9) is fresh water or seawater; water is transported to the surface of the titanium dioxide coating (1) through the gel internal pore channels (3) in the composite quaternary hydrogel (6), and the water is evaporated by absorbing sunlight and heating.
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| CN110218354A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | 海南大学 | A kind of polyvinyl alcohol carbon nanotube gel rubber material for photo-thermal Steam Reforming |
| CN111171340A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Photo-thermal evaporation material based on PVA hydrogel and preparation and application thereof |
| CN111635604A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-08 | 南开大学 | Natural colloid composite hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110218354A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | 海南大学 | A kind of polyvinyl alcohol carbon nanotube gel rubber material for photo-thermal Steam Reforming |
| CN111171340A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-05-19 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Photo-thermal evaporation material based on PVA hydrogel and preparation and application thereof |
| CN111635604A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-08 | 南开大学 | Natural colloid composite hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof |
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