CN114226985B - Welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc tandem welding - Google Patents
Welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc tandem welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226985B CN114226985B CN202111605961.1A CN202111605961A CN114226985B CN 114226985 B CN114226985 B CN 114226985B CN 202111605961 A CN202111605961 A CN 202111605961A CN 114226985 B CN114226985 B CN 114226985B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910011212 Ti—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004353 Ti-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series connection, which is provided for solving the problem that element diffusion is easy to occur in a transition layer of a titanium/steel composite plate in the welding process to form a brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compound and reduce joint performance. The TA2/304 stainless steel is used as a welding parent metal, the base metal TA2 is subjected to butt welding in front of the welding parent metal through laser, and the arc is filled with a groove and welded (connected) with the 304 stainless steel. By precisely controlling welding process parameters, an upper molten pool and a lower molten pool which are relatively independent are formed, ti-Fe intermetallic compounds are prevented from being generated in the welding process of the transition layer, and the brittleness of the joint is reduced; and a laser-arc serial welding method is adopted to obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency welding joint comprising a laser welding line and an arc welding line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc tandem welding.
Background
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in various industrial fields due to their high toughness, high specific strength, good high temperature resistance, low density, good fatigue resistance, and the like. In the aerospace field, titanium and its alloys have been an essential component in place of metallic materials such as nickel-based alloys and copper alloys, which are susceptible to corrosion. However, titanium alloys have limited application due to their relatively high manufacturing costs, poor welding and machining properties, and poor creep resistance. Stainless steel is currently the most commonly used structural material, which itself has a range of excellent properties such as weldability, wear resistance, mechanical properties, and is relatively low cost. Although stainless steel is far less corrosion resistant than titanium alloy and has a greater specific gravity. However, if the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are connected together by welding, the welded structure of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel combines good weldability of the stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy, and the combination realizes complementation of the advantages of the two materials in performance. However, since the weldability of titanium alloy with stainless steel is poor, a large amount of ti—fe intermetallic compounds having large brittleness are easily generated in the joint after welding. In addition, because the physical and chemical properties of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are obviously different, larger residual stress exists in the joint, which can reduce the mechanical properties of the joint. At present, the explosive welding of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel can effectively reduce the content of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the joint and effectively improve the mechanical properties of the dissimilar metal welding joint of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel.
Secondary welding of composite boards is one of important procedures in the material processing process, and many metal composite boards are required to be welded and formed, so that the development of welding technology has also promoted the application of composite materials. The secondary welding joint of the composite material has the mechanical property meeting the requirement and also has the electric conductivity, corrosion resistance and the like equivalent to those of the mother material. However, if the process is improperly controlled during the welding process, the transition layer metal is improperly selected, which can result in liquid mixing of the base layer and the multi-layer metal, resulting in brittle intermetallic compounds, thereby degrading the quality and specific performance of the welded joint.
At present, the butt joint of the metal composite plate is mainly realized by a layer-by-layer welding method, and for the composite layer, as the thickness of the composite plate is usually thinner (about 1-2 mm), filling welding wires added and matched with the composite plate are usually adopted, and the connection of the composite plate is realized by single-pass or multi-pass TIG welding with small heat input. For the base layer of the metal composite material, different types of grooves are generally designed according to the thickness dimension of the base layer, and welding is carried out in a multi-layer and multi-channel MIG or SAW welding mode. For most metal composite panels, it is often necessary to add a transition layer weld between the base layer weld and the multi-layer weld to organize the mixture of base layer metal elements and multi-layer metal elements. However, in the welding process of the transition layer, the base metal and the multi-layer metal respectively generate new intermetallic compounds, so that the mechanical property of the joint is reduced.
And forming a laser welding seam by utilizing the laser butt welding base metal TA2, wherein the laser welding seam bears main strength. Arc welding is performed using the arc melted wire and filled with a multi-layer groove weld (joint) 304 stainless steel to form an arc weld. Because the melting temperature of the S201 red copper wire is lower than the base metal TA2 and the multi-layer metal 304 stainless steel, the TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted during the welding process, and only a small amount of element diffusion occurs. Thus preventing the mixing and interdiffusion of Ti, fe and Cu elements and avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds. The joint strength of the TA2 and 304 stainless steel composite plates welded in series by laser-electric arc can reach 1250MPa; therefore, laser-arc serial welding TA2 and 304 stainless steel composite plate welding (connection) becomes a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series connection, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc tandem welding comprises the following steps: (1) welding test pieces: the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate is processed into a sample with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by electric spark, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bottom of the bevel is 2mm;
(2) The welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding adopts CW laser welding equipment to weld, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min; the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm and the melting temperature of 1020-1050 ℃ is adopted, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow rate of shielding gas is 15L/min;
(3) Controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating a laser spot on the TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding line; controlling the composite plate welding piece to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act in the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove, and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) The melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding 304 stainless steel, the effect is to avoid liquid mixing of TA2, 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the arc welding process, and prevent mixing and interdiffusion of Ti, fe and Cu elements, thereby avoiding formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process.
Preferably, in the step (1), the welding test piece has dimensions of 80mm×8.27mm×5mm, the thickness of the TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of the 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 °, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the laser welding is performed by using a CW laser welding device, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min, the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm is used, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 15L/min.
Preferably, in the step (3), a laser spot irradiates on the TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding seam, the S201 red copper welding wire acts in the middle of the groove, the melting welding wire fills the groove and welds (connects) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam.
Preferably, in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is lower than that of the base metals TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that the TA2 and 304 stainless steel can not reach the melting temperature in the arc welding process, and the liquid mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process.
Preferably, the distance between the laser heat source and the arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5-2 cm, so that the phenomenon that the two heat sources interact in the welding process to cause the failure of a welding joint is avoided.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The welding process is stable, the weld joint is attractive in appearance, and the welding process has no welding defects such as cracks, air holes, undercut, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion and the like, and has good welding process performance.
(2) And (3) carrying out laser-arc series welding on the A2/304 stainless steel composite plate to finally obtain the high-quality and high-efficiency welding joint comprising the laser welding seam, the transition layer and the arc welding seam. The transition layer is only present in a very small area of the joint, the joint fracture position is positioned on the right side of the laser welding seam and the arc welding seam, and the tensile strength reaches 1250MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate;
FIG. 2 is a weld test piece size chart;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of laser-arc tandem welding;
FIG. 4TA2/304 stainless steel joint macro-topography;
FIG. 5TA2/304 microstructure of stainless steel joint.
The meaning of each reference sign in the figure is:
(a) left side of arc welding seam, (b) middle part of arc welding seam, (c) right side of arc welding seam, (d) low-power photograph of transition layer, (e) high-power photograph of transition layer, and (f) laser welding seam.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
A welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc tandem welding comprises the following steps:
(1) Welding a test piece: the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate is processed into a sample with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by electric spark, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bottom of the bevel is 2mm;
(2) The welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding adopts CW laser welding equipment to weld, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min; the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm and the melting temperature of 1020-1050 ℃ is adopted, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow rate of shielding gas is 15L/min;
(3) Controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating a laser spot on the TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding line; controlling the composite plate welding piece to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act in the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove, and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) The melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding 304 stainless steel, the effect is to avoid liquid mixing of TA2, 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the arc welding process, and prevent mixing and interdiffusion of Ti, fe and Cu elements, thereby avoiding formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process.
In this embodiment, in the step (1), the welding test piece has a size of 80mm×8.27mm×5mm, the thickness of the ta2 is 2mm, the thickness of the 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 °, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2mm.
In addition, in the step (2), the laser welding is performed by using a CW laser welding device, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min, the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm is used, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow rate of the shielding gas is 15L/min.
Further, in the step (3), a laser spot irradiates on the TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding seam, the S201 red copper welding wire acts in the middle of the groove, the melting welding wire fills the groove and welds (connects) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam.
Further, in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is lower than that of the base metal TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that the melting temperature of the TA2 and 304 stainless steel in the arc welding process is not reached, the liquid mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, and brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds are avoided in the welding process.
Further, the distance between the laser heat source and the arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5-2 cm, so that the phenomenon that the two heat sources interact in the welding process to cause the failure of a welding joint is avoided.
The method is adopted to weld the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate, firstly, the TA2/304 stainless steel is processed into the welding test piece size by using electric sparks, the self-made clamp is used for clamping the test piece, and certain pressure is kept between the base metal TA2 by adjusting the pretightening force.
And adopting laser-arc series welding, and obtaining the joint comprising the laser welding seam, the transition layer and the arc welding seam by precisely controlling welding process parameters. And before laser, the light spot irradiates on the TA2 butt joint interface to form a laser welding line. After the arc, S201 red copper welding wire acts in the middle of the groove, and the melting welding wire fills the groove and welds (connects) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam. Because the melting temperature of the S201 red copper wire is lower than the base metal TA2 and the multi-layer metal 304 stainless steel, the TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted during the welding process, and only a small amount of element diffusion occurs. Thus preventing the mixing and interdiffusion of Ti, fe and Cu elements, avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds and improving the mechanical property of the joint.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series connection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Welding a test piece: the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate is processed into a sample with the thickness of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by electric spark, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bottom of the bevel is 2mm;
(2) The welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding adopts CW laser welding equipment to weld, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min; the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm and the melting temperature of 1020-1050 ℃ is adopted, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow rate of shielding gas is 15L/min;
(3) Controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating a laser spot on the TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding line; controlling the composite plate welding piece to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act in the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove, and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) The melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding 304 stainless steel, the effect is to avoid liquid mixing of TA2, 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the arc welding process, and prevent mixing and interdiffusion of Ti, fe and Cu elements, thereby avoiding formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process.
2. The welding method for the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc tandem welding according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the welding test piece size is 80mm×8.27mm×5mm, the thickness of the TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of the 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 °, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2mm.
3. The welding method of the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc serial welding according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the laser welding is performed by adopting a CW laser welding device, and the laser power is 730-750W; defocus amount is 0 to +5mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the shielding gas is 20-30L/min; the arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, an S201 red copper welding wire with the diameter of 0.8mm, the welding wire melting temperature of 1020-1050 ℃, the welding voltage of 20V, the wire feeding speed of 4200mm/min, the welding speed of 650mm/min and the shielding gas flow of 15L/min is used.
4. The welding method of the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc tandem welding according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), a laser spot irradiates on a TA2 butt joint contact surface to form a laser welding line, S201 red copper welding wire acts in the middle of the groove, and the welding wire is melted to fill the groove and weld (connect) the 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding line.
5. The welding method of TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate for laser-arc tandem welding according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is lower than that of the base metal TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that the TA2 and 304 stainless steel can not reach the melting temperature during the arc welding process, and the liquid state mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds during the welding process.
6. The welding method for the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc serial welding according to claim 1, wherein the distance between a laser heat source and an arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5-2 cm, so that the interaction of the two heat sources in the welding process is avoided, and the failure of a welding joint is caused.
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