CN114226985A - Welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc series welding - Google Patents
Welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc series welding Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 196
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910011212 Ti—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004353 Ti-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010897 surface acoustic wave method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a welding method for welding a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc series connection. The base metal TA2 was butt-welded with a laser beam using TA2/304 stainless steel as a welding base metal, and the 304 stainless steel was welded (joined) by filling the groove with an arc after welding. By accurately controlling welding process parameters, an upper molten pool and a lower molten pool which are relatively independent are formed, a transition layer is prevented from generating Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the welding process, and the brittleness of a joint is reduced; a laser-arc tandem welding method is adopted to obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency welding joint comprising a laser welding seam and an arc welding seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar material welding, in particular to a welding method for welding a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc series connection.
Background
Titanium and its alloys have high toughness, high specific strength, good high temperature resistance, low density, good fatigue resistance and other advantages, and are widely used in various industrial fields. In the aerospace field, titanium and its alloys have become essential components to replace metal materials such as nickel-based alloys and copper alloys which are prone to corrosion. However, titanium alloys have limited applications due to their high manufacturing cost, poor welding and machining properties, and poor creep resistance. Stainless steel is the most common structural material at present, and has a series of excellent properties such as weldability, wear resistance and mechanical properties, and the cost is relatively low. Although stainless steel is far inferior to titanium alloy in corrosion resistance and has a large specific gravity. However, if the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are connected together by welding, the welding structure of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel combines the good weldability of the stainless steel and the excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy, and the combination realizes the complementary advantages of the two materials in performance. However, since titanium alloys have poor weldability with stainless steel, a large amount of Ti — Fe intermetallic compounds having high brittleness are easily generated in the welded joint. In addition, since the difference in physical and chemical properties between titanium alloy and stainless steel is significant, there is a large residual stress in the joint, which may degrade the mechanical properties of the joint. At present, the content of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in a joint can be effectively reduced by welding titanium alloy and stainless steel by explosion welding, and the mechanical property of a dissimilar metal welding joint of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel is effectively improved.
The secondary welding of the composite plate is one of important processes in the material processing process, a plurality of metal composite plates need to be formed by welding, and the application of the composite material is promoted by the development of the welding technology. For the secondary welding joint of the composite material, the mechanical property meeting the requirement is required, and the electrical conductivity, the corrosion resistance and the like which are equivalent to those of the parent material are also ensured. However, if the process is not properly controlled during the welding process, the transition layer metal is not properly selected, which results in liquid mixing of the base and clad metals and the formation of brittle intermetallics, thereby degrading the quality and specific properties of the weld joint.
At present, the butt joint of the metal composite plates is mainly realized by a layer-by-layer welding method, and for the composite layers, because the thickness of the composite layers is usually thin (about 1-2mm), the composite layers are usually connected by adding a filler wire matched with the composite layers and performing single-pass or multi-pass TIG welding with small heat input. For the base layer of the metal composite material, grooves with different forms are designed according to the thickness dimension of the base layer, and welding is carried out by a MIG (metal-inert gas) or SAW (surface acoustic wave) welding mode with multiple layers and multiple channels. For most metal composite plates, a transition layer welding seam is often required to be added between a base layer welding seam and a multi-layer welding seam to organize the mixture of base layer metal elements and multi-layer metal elements. However, in the welding process of the transition layer, new intermetallic compounds are generated respectively from the transition layer, the base metal and the multi-layer metal, and the mechanical property of the joint is reduced.
The base metal TA2 was butt welded with a laser to form a laser weld, which assumed the primary strength. An arc weld is formed using an arc to melt the wire and fill the clad groove weld (joint) 304 stainless steel. Since the melting temperature of the S201 red copper wire is lower than that of the base metal TA2 and the clad metal 304 stainless steel, TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted and only a small amount of elemental diffusion occurs during the welding process. Thereby preventing the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti, Fe and Cu elements and avoiding the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds of Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu. The joint strength of TA2 and 304 stainless steel composite plates welded in series by laser-electric arc welding can reach 1250 MPa; therefore, welding (connecting) of TA2 and 304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series welding is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates in series by laser-arc welding, which solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series comprises the following process steps: (1) welding a test piece: processing a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate into a sample of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by utilizing electric spark, wherein the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2 mm;
(2) the welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding is carried out by adopting CW laser welding equipment, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; NBC-250 equipment is adopted for electric arc welding, an S201 red copper welding wire is used, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020 and 1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow of protective gas is 15L/min;
(3) controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating laser spots on a butt joint contact surface of TA2 to form a laser welding seam; controlling the composite plate weldment to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act on the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of the TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of the 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and the 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding of the 304 stainless steel, the liquid mixing of the TA2, the 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the process of arc welding is avoided, the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti, Fe and Cu elements are prevented, and therefore the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process is avoided.
Preferably, in the step (1), the size of the welding test piece is 80mm × 8.27mm × 5mm, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 °, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2 mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), CW laser welding equipment is adopted for laser welding, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow of the protective gas is 20-30L/min, NBC-250 equipment is adopted for arc welding, an S201 red copper welding wire is used, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020-.
Preferably, in the step (3), a laser spot is irradiated on the butt contact surface of TA2 to form a laser weld, S201 red copper welding wire acts on the middle of the groove, and the welding wire is melted to fill the groove and weld (connect) 304 stainless steel to form an arc weld.
Preferably, in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is lower than that of the base metals TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that TA2 and 304 stainless steel can not reach the melting temperature during the arc welding process, and the liquid mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, so that the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds during the welding process is avoided.
Preferably, the distance between the laser heat source and the electric arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5 cm-2 cm, and the failure of a welding joint caused by interaction of the two heat sources in the welding process is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the welding process is stable, the weld joint is attractive in appearance, welding defects such as cracks, air holes, undercut, incomplete penetration, incomplete fusion and the like are avoided, and the welding process performance is good.
(2) The A2/304 stainless steel composite plate is subjected to laser-arc series welding to finally obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency welding joint comprising a laser welding seam, a transition layer and an arc welding seam. The transition layer is only arranged in a small area of the joint, the fracture position of the joint is positioned on the right side of the laser welding seam and the electric arc welding seam, and the tensile strength reaches 1250 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate manufacturing process;
FIG. 2 is a dimensional diagram of a welded test piece;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of laser-arc series welding;
FIG. 4TA2/304 stainless steel joint macro topography;
FIG. 5TA2/304 stainless steel joint microstructure view.
The various reference numbers in the figures mean:
(a) the method comprises the following steps of (a) arc welding left side, (b) arc welding middle part, (c) arc welding right side, (d) transition layer low-power photograph, (e) transition layer high-power photograph, and (f) laser welding.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto:
example 1
A welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series comprises the following process steps:
(1) welding a test piece: processing a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate into a sample of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by utilizing electric spark, wherein the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2 mm;
(2) the welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding is carried out by adopting CW laser welding equipment, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; NBC-250 equipment is adopted for electric arc welding, an S201 red copper welding wire is used, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020 and 1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow of protective gas is 15L/min;
(3) controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating laser spots on a butt joint contact surface of TA2 to form a laser welding seam; controlling the composite plate weldment to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act on the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of the TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of the 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and the 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding of the 304 stainless steel, the liquid mixing of the TA2, the 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the process of arc welding is avoided, the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti, Fe and Cu elements are prevented, and therefore the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process is avoided.
In this embodiment, in the step (1), the size of the welding specimen is 80mm × 8.27mm × 5mm, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 °, and the width of the bottom of the bevel is 2 mm.
In addition, in the step (2), CW laser welding equipment is adopted for laser welding, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow of the protective gas is 20-30L/min, NBC-250 equipment is adopted for arc welding, an S201 red copper welding wire is used, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020-.
Further, in the step (3), a laser spot is irradiated on a butt-joint contact surface of TA2 to form a laser weld, S201 red copper welding wire acts on the middle of the groove, the welding wire is melted to fill the groove, and 304 stainless steel is welded (connected) to form an arc weld.
Further, in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is lower than that of the base metals TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that TA2 and 304 stainless steel cannot reach the melting temperature in the arc welding process, liquid mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, and brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds are prevented from being formed in the welding process.
Further, the distance between the laser heat source and the electric arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5 cm-2 cm, and the failure of a welding joint caused by the interaction of the two heat sources in the welding process is avoided.
The method for welding the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate is adopted, firstly, electric sparks are used for processing the TA2/304 stainless steel into the size of a welding test piece, a self-made clamp is used for clamping the test piece, and a certain pressure is kept between the base layer metals TA2 by adjusting pretightening force.
And adopting laser-arc series welding to obtain a joint comprising a laser welding seam, a transition layer and an arc welding seam by accurately controlling welding process parameters. The laser is previously directed at the TA2 butt joint interface to form a laser weld. After the electric arc is finished, S201 red copper welding wires act on the middle of the groove, the welding wires are melted to fill the groove and are welded (connected) with 304 stainless steel, and an electric arc welding seam is formed. Since the melting temperature of the S201 red copper wire is lower than that of the base metal TA2 and the clad metal 304 stainless steel, TA2 and 304 stainless steel are not completely melted and only a small amount of elemental diffusion occurs during the welding process. Thereby preventing the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti, Fe and Cu elements, avoiding forming brittle intermetallic compounds of Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu and improving the mechanical property of the joint.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. A welding method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series connection is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) welding a test piece: processing a TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate into a sample of 80mm multiplied by 8.27mm multiplied by 5mm by utilizing electric spark, wherein the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the width of the bevel bottom is 2 mm;
(2) the welding process comprises the following steps: the laser welding is carried out by adopting CW laser welding equipment, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; NBC-250 equipment is adopted for electric arc welding, an S201 red copper welding wire is used, the diameter of the welding wire is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wire is 1020 and 1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow of protective gas is 15L/min;
(3) controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating laser spots on a butt joint contact surface of TA2 to form a laser welding seam; controlling the composite plate weldment to be in a horizontal position, enabling S201 red copper welding wires to act on the middle of the groove, melting the welding wires to fill the groove and welding (connecting) 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam;
(4) the melting temperature of the S201 red copper welding wire is 1020-1050 ℃, the melting temperature of the TA2 is 1660 ℃, the melting temperature of the 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and by reasonably controlling welding parameters, the TA2 and the 304 stainless steel are not completely melted in the process of arc welding of the 304 stainless steel, the liquid mixing of the TA2, the 304 stainless steel and the S201 red copper welding wire in the process of arc welding is avoided, the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti, Fe and Cu elements are prevented, and therefore the formation of brittle Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds in the welding process is avoided.
2. The method for welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plates by laser-arc series welding in accordance with claim 1, wherein in step (1), the size of the welded specimen is 80mm x 8.27mm x 5mm, the thickness of TA2 is 2mm, the thickness of 304 stainless steel is 3mm, the bevel angle is 120 degrees, and the bevel bottom is 2mm in width.
3. The welding method for the laser-arc series welding of the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate is characterized in that, in the step (2), the laser welding is carried out by using CW laser welding equipment, and the laser power is 730-750W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; the electric arc welding adopts NBC-250 equipment, and S201 red copper welding wires are used, the diameter of the welding wires is 0.8mm, the melting temperature of the welding wires is 1020 and 1050 ℃, the welding voltage is 20V, the wire feeding speed is 4200mm/min, the welding speed is 650mm/min, and the flow of protective gas is 15L/min.
4. The welding method for welding the TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by the laser-arc series connection welding in the step (3), wherein a laser spot is irradiated on the butt contact surface of the TA2 to form a laser welding seam, S201 red copper welding wires act in the middle of the groove, and the melted welding wires fill the groove and weld (connect) the 304 stainless steel to form an arc welding seam.
5. The welding method of claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the melting temperature of the S201 red copper wire is lower than that of the base metals TA2 and 304 stainless steel, so that the TA2 and 304 stainless steel can not reach the melting temperature during arc welding, and liquid mixing of dissimilar metals is avoided, and brittle intermetallic compounds of Ti-Fe and Ti-Cu are avoided during welding.
6. The welding method of the laser-electric arc series welding TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the laser heat source and the electric arc heat source is reasonably controlled to be 1.5 cm-2 cm, and failure of a welding joint caused by interaction of the two heat sources in the welding process is avoided.
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