CN114199222A - Active resonance optical fiber gyroscope - Google Patents

Active resonance optical fiber gyroscope Download PDF

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CN114199222A
CN114199222A CN202111519927.2A CN202111519927A CN114199222A CN 114199222 A CN114199222 A CN 114199222A CN 202111519927 A CN202111519927 A CN 202111519927A CN 114199222 A CN114199222 A CN 114199222A
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coupler
gas
photonic crystal
crystal fiber
core photonic
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CN114199222B (en
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徐小斌
柳辰琛
宋凝芳
高福宇
杨合
高乘春
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Beihang University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/721Details
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/725Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers using nxn optical couplers, e.g. 3x3 couplers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an active resonant fiber optic gyroscope which comprises a laser light source, a phase modulator, a circulator, a first coupler, a gas-filled photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, a second coupler, a third coupler, an FPGA module and a signal processing system. The invention adopts the gas-filled photonic crystal fiber as a resonant cavity to increase the gain, adopts unidirectional pump light input to solve the problem of poor stability caused by uneven laser beam splitting, and adopts the cascade Brillouin laser with reverse output to carry out angular velocity sensitivity to solve the blocking effect in the original scheme.

Description

Active resonance optical fiber gyroscope
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, and particularly relates to a gas-filled active resonant fiber optic gyroscope.
Background
A Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) is a new type of inertial device based on the Sagnac effect in optical fibers to sense angular rotation velocity. The Sagnac effect is a phenomenon in which the external rotation angular rate affects the interference of light: in a closed optical loop, when two light waves emitted from any point in the closed optical loop and traveling in opposite directions return to the point after one circle, the phases of the two light waves change along with the rotation of the relative inertia space, which is the theoretical basis of all optical gyroscopes.
So far, the development of the interference type (I-FOG), the resonance type (R-FOG) and the Brillouin type (BFOG) is experienced for three generations. The interference fiber optic gyroscope has been a very successful commercial product and is applied to various fields, the resonant fiber optic gyroscope is in the stage of transition from laboratory research to practicality, and the stimulated Brillouin fiber optic gyroscope is still in the principle research stage.
The BFOG is an active fiber resonator gyro. When the intensity of light incident into the optical fibre exceeds the brillouin threshold of the fibre, a moving acoustic wave is generated in the fibre due to the electrostrictive effect, the presence of which results in the generation of stimulated brillouin scattering. When the two beams of pump light simultaneously enter the annular resonant cavity along opposite directions, two beams of Brillouin light with the direction opposite to that of the pump light are generated, and if the annular resonant cavity is static, the frequencies of the two beams of Brillouin light are the same; when the ring resonator rotates in a certain direction at an angular velocity, a frequency difference proportional to the angular velocity exists between the two generated brillouin lights. And combining the two beams of Brillouin light to generate beat frequency, and measuring the beat frequency to obtain the rotation rate of the optical fiber resonant cavity. The fiber-optic gyroscope is simple in structure, accurate measurement can be achieved without complex peripheral circuits, and the fiber-optic gyroscope is an ideal development direction of the gyroscope in the future.
However, the gain in the resonant cavity of the current active resonant gyroscope scheme is low, and the light source is required to have the characteristics of narrow line width, high power, highly stable wavelength and power, and the like, so that stable laser can be generated in the short fiber ring cavity. At the same time, it also has the same latch-up problem as a conventional laser gyro. The optical amplification in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber can be realized by utilizing the gas Brillouin effect, and the gain coefficient of the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber can be far larger than that of the traditional standard single-mode fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the gas-filled active resonant fiber optic gyroscope which has the advantages of high gain of a resonant cavity, lower light source power, no blocking effect and high reliability. The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an active resonant fiber optic gyroscope comprises a laser light source, a phase modulator, a circulator, a first coupler, a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, a second coupler, a third coupler, an FPGA module and a signal processing system, wherein,
the pumping light emitted by the laser light source enters the circulator after passing through the phase modulator driven by the signal generator, and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity through the second coupler;
the pump light resonates in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity filled with the gas, and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
pump light and first-order Stokes light are output from the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, after passing through the second coupler, the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator and the first coupler, part of the pump light passes through the third coupler, and after being converged, the two beams of the pump light are output through the first coupler, enter the signal processing system for signal processing and output signals; and part of the pump light is output by the third coupler, enters the FPGA module for processing, and is fed back to the phase modulator to be used for stabilizing the frequency of the laser light source.
Furthermore, the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device, and a sealed gas-filled gas chamber and a gas valve are arranged on the space coupling alignment device and are used for filling gas after the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is vacuumized.
An active resonant fiber optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising a laser light source, a circulator, a first coupler, a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, a second coupler, a third coupler, an FPGA module, a signal processing system and piezoelectric ceramics, wherein,
the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity is wound on the piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic is controlled by a feedback signal of the FPGA module to deform, so that the length of the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity is finely adjusted, and the resonance maintaining effect is realized;
the pump light emitted by the laser light source enters the circulator and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity through the second coupler;
the pump light resonates in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity filled with the gas, and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
pump light and first-order Stokes light are output from the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, after passing through the second coupler, the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator and the first coupler, part of the pump light passes through the third coupler, and after being converged, the two beams of the pump light are output through the first coupler, enter the signal processing system for signal processing and output signals; and part of the pump light is output by the third coupler and enters the FPGA module for processing, and is fed back to the piezoelectric ceramic for finely adjusting the length of the gas-filled hollow photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, so that the resonance maintaining effect is realized.
Further, the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device, and an inflation gas chamber and a gas valve are arranged on the space coupling alignment device and used for vacuumizing the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and then inflating the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber.
Further, the first coupler is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 50/50, the second coupler is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4, and the third coupler is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional active resonant fiber optic gyroscope, the invention adopts the gas-filled photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, increases the gain coefficient and compensates the loss.
2. Compared with the traditional passive resonant fiber-optic gyroscope, the passive resonant fiber-optic gyroscope has the advantages that the resonant cavity is changed into the active resonant cavity, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber-optic gyroscope can be improved.
3. The problem of locking in the traditional Brillouin optical fiber gyroscope is solved.
4. The invention adopts the unidirectional pump light, reduces the realization difficulty and solves the problem of poor power stability caused by the difficulty of 100 percent realization of the uniform distribution of the pump light by the front-section coupler.
5. The active resonant fiber-optic gyroscope provided by the invention has few devices and simple structure, is beneficial to realizing the miniaturization of the fiber-optic gyroscope and has strong feasibility and practicability.
Drawings
In order to illustrate embodiments of the present invention or technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings which are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, so that the features and advantages of the present invention can be understood more clearly by referring to the drawings, which are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any way, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained on the basis of these drawings without any inventive effort. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active resonant fiber optic gyroscope according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an active resonator fiber optic gyroscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a coupling mode of optical fibers.
The reference numbers illustrate:
the device comprises a laser source 1, a phase modulator 2, a circulator 3, a first coupler 4, a gas-filled hollow photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5, a second coupler 6, a third coupler 7, an FPGA module 8, a signal processing system 9, a space coupling alignment device 10, piezoelectric ceramics 11 and an air inflation chamber 12.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The resonant cavity in the traditional active resonant fiber optic gyroscope scheme is a common optical fiber, the scheme is a gas-filled photonic crystal fiber, and the gain of the photonic crystal fiber is improved on the premise of ensuring the advantages of low magnetic sensitivity, radiation resistance and the like of the photonic crystal fiber. In order to add a coupler in front of the resonant cavity, the pump light is equally divided into two beams of light which are transmitted in opposite directions to respectively excite the stimulated Brillouin scattering laser with same frequency clockwise, so that the laser output stability is poor and the locking phenomenon exists. The invention adopts one-way pump light input to solve the problem of poor stability caused by uneven laser beam splitting, and the locking effect in the traditional scheme can be solved by using high-order light output reversely for angular velocity sensitivity.
As shown in fig. 1, an active resonant fiber optic gyroscope includes a laser light source 1, a phase modulator 2, a circulator 3, a first coupler 4, a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator 5, a second coupler 6, a third coupler 7, an FPGA module 8, and a signal processing system 9, wherein,
pump light emitted by the laser light source 1 enters the circulator 3 after passing through the phase modulator 2 driven by the signal generator, and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 through the second coupler 6;
the pump light resonates in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 filled with the gas, and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
the pump light and the first-order Stokes light are output from the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 filled with gas, after passing through the second coupler 6, the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator 3 and the first coupler 4, part of the pump light passes through the third coupler 7, and after being converged, the two beams of light are output through the first coupler 4, enter the signal processing system 9 for signal processing and output signals; part of the pump light is output through the third coupler 7, enters the FPGA module 8 for processing, and is fed back to the phase modulator 2 to be used for stabilizing the frequency of the laser light source 1.
The gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 is formed by filling gas in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber to form a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, and the filled gas is CO2/CH4Etc. may generate the gain gas.
The hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 filled with gas is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device 10, and a sealed gas charging chamber 12 and a gas valve are arranged on the space coupling alignment device 10 and used for charging gas after the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is vacuumized.
The first coupler 3 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 50/50, the second coupler 6 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4, and the third coupler 7 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4.
The optical transmission process of fig. 1 of the present invention is illustrated by using a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with the second coupler 6 being 98/2 and a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with the third coupler 7 being 99/1 as examples.
The pump light is emitted by the laser 1, passes through the phase modulator 2 and the circulator 3 and then reaches the second coupler 6, 98% of the pump light is coupled into the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5, reverse first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering laser is excited in the cavity, after the circulation for one circle, 2% of the pump light and 2% of the first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering laser in the fiber resonant cavity 5 are emitted through the second coupler 6, and 98% of the pump light and 98% of the first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering laser continue to circulate the sensitive angular velocity in the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5. The emergent first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering laser reaches a first coupler 4 through a circulator 3; when the emergent pump light passes through the third coupler 7, 1% of the pump light reaches the FPGA module 8 for frequency stabilization, and 99% of the pump light reaches the first coupler 4. The two beams of light are converged and then sent to a signal processing system 8 for signal detection, and angular velocity output is obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, an active resonant fiber optic gyroscope includes a laser light source 1, a circulator 3, a first coupler 4, a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator 5, a second coupler 6, a third coupler 7, an FPGA module 8, a signal processing system 9, and a piezoelectric ceramic 11, wherein,
the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 is wound on the piezoelectric ceramic 10, and the piezoelectric ceramic 11 is controlled by a feedback signal of the FPGA module 8 to deform the piezoelectric ceramic, so that the length of the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 is finely adjusted, and the resonance maintaining effect is realized;
pump light emitted by the laser light source 1 enters the circulator 3 and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 through the second coupler 6;
the pump light resonates in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 filled with the gas, and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
the pump light and the first-order Stokes light are output from the optical fiber resonant cavity 5, after passing through the second coupler 6, the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator 3 and the first coupler 4, part of the pump light passes through the third coupler 7, and after being converged, the two beams of light are output through the first coupler 4 to enter the signal processing system 9 for signal processing and signal output; part of the pumping light is output through the third coupler 7, enters the FPGA module 8 for processing, and is fed back to the piezoelectric ceramic 11 to stabilize the frequency of the laser light source 1.
Preferably, the fiber resonator 5 is a doped medium or an undoped common fiber, and the fibers are coupled by fusion splicing.
The gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 is formed by filling gas in the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber to form a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity, and the gas is filledThe body is CO2/CH4Etc. may generate the gain gas.
The hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity 5 filled with gas is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device 10, and the space coupling alignment device 10 is provided with an inflation gas chamber 12 and a gas valve for vacuumizing the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and then inflating the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with gas.
The first coupler 3 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 50/50, the second coupler 6 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4, and the third coupler 7 is a diaphragm type optical fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "plurality" means two or more unless expressly limited otherwise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. An active resonant fiber optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising a laser light source (1), a phase modulator (2), a circulator (3), a first coupler (4), a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), a second coupler (6), a third coupler (7), an FPGA module (8) and a signal processing system (9),
the pump light emitted by the laser light source (1) enters the circulator (3) after passing through the phase modulator (2) driven by the signal generator, and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5) through the second coupler (6);
the pump light resonates in the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
pump light and first-order Stokes light are output from the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), after passing through the second coupler (6), the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator (3) and the first coupler (4), part of the pump light passes through the third coupler (7), and after being converged, the two beams of the pump light are output through the first coupler (4) and enter the signal processing system (9) for signal processing and output signals; and part of the pump light is output through the third coupler (7) and enters the FPGA module (8) for processing, and is fed back to the phase modulator (2) for stabilizing the frequency of the laser light source (1).
2. The active resonance fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator (5) is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device (10), and a sealed gas-filled chamber (12) and a gas valve are arranged on the space coupling alignment device (10) for filling gas after the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is vacuumized.
3. An active resonance fiber optic gyroscope is characterized by comprising a laser light source (1), a circulator (3), a first coupler (4), a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), a second coupler (6), a third coupler (7), an FPGA module (8), a signal processing system (9) and piezoelectric ceramics (11),
the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5) is wound on the piezoelectric ceramics (11), and the piezoelectric ceramics (11) is controlled by a feedback signal of the FPGA module (8) to generate deformation, so that the length of the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5) is finely adjusted, and the resonance maintaining effect is realized;
the pump light emitted by the laser light source (1) enters the circulator (3) and then enters the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5) through the second coupler (6);
the pump light resonates in the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), and the reverse first-order Stokes light is excited after the power reaches a first-order stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold value;
pump light and first-order Stokes light are output from the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), after passing through the second coupler (6), the first-order Stokes light passes through the circulator (3) and the first coupler (4), part of the pump light passes through the third coupler (7), and after being converged, the two beams of the pump light are output through the first coupler (4) and enter the signal processing system (9) for signal processing and output signals; and part of the pump light is output by the third coupler (7) and enters the FPGA module (8) for processing, and is fed back to the piezoelectric ceramic (11) for fine tuning the length of the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonant cavity (5), so that the resonance maintaining effect is realized.
4. The active resonance fiber optic gyroscope according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator (5) is coupled with a common fiber through a space coupling alignment device (10), and an inflation gas chamber (12) and a gas valve are arranged on the space coupling alignment device (10) for inflating the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber with gas after the hollow-core photonic crystal fiber is vacuumized.
5. The active resonant fiber optic gyroscope according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the first coupler (3) is a diaphragm fiber coupler with a splitting ratio of 50/50, the second coupler (6) is a diaphragm fiber coupler of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4, and the third coupler (7) is a diaphragm fiber coupler of 98/2, 99/1, 99.5/0.5, 97/3 or 96/4.
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