CN114198274B - Temperature difference power generation system and method based on day-night temperature difference-radiation cooling - Google Patents
Temperature difference power generation system and method based on day-night temperature difference-radiation cooling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A temperature difference power generation system and method based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling comprises a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part; the solar heat collection system comprises a groove-type reflector, a heat collection tube bracket and a reflector bracket; the heat exchange and heat accumulation system comprises a water circulation pipeline, a water pump, two waterway control valves and a molten salt tank; the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulating pipeline, a molten salt pump, two molten salt circuit control valves and a heater; the thermoelectric generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, a hot end conductor, a cold end conductor and an electric loop; the radiation cooling portion includes a radiation cooling film. The system and the method are safe, stable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and one heat exchange and heat storage system can be connected in parallel to use a plurality of thermoelectric power generation systems, so that the generated voltage can be used for daily life, and the cost of popularizing a power grid in a northwest remote area is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of radiation heat transfer and thermoelectric generation, in particular to a system and a method for enhancing thermoelectric generation by utilizing radiation cooling effect in areas with large day-night temperature difference.
Background
The energy crisis and environmental pollution are one of outstanding contradictions restricting the sustainable development of national economy in China. Under the background of the age, solar energy is rapidly developed as a novel clean sustainable energy source, and certain achievement is achieved, so that photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation are researched.
Photovoltaic power generation is performed by utilizing the phenomenon that a potential difference is generated between the combined parts of a semiconductor and a metal during illumination. In terms of the current technology level, the silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process is expensive, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low and is within 11%. The photo-thermal power generation is to heat the circulating working medium by utilizing solar energy collected by a large-scale array parabolic or dish-shaped mirror surface, generate working steam by a heat exchange device, and combine with the traditional steam turbine process to achieve the purpose of power generation. At present, photo-thermal power generation is widely used worldwide.
Disclosure of Invention
In consideration of the problems of high application cost, low efficiency and the like of photo-thermal power generation, the invention provides a system and a method for generating heat by utilizing solar energy in daytime, stably releasing heat at night and enhancing thermoelectric power generation by combining radiation cooling effect on the basis of the thought.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a temperature difference power generation system based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling comprises a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part;
the solar heat collection system comprises a groove-type reflector 1, a heat collection tube 2, a heat collection tube support 3-1 and a reflector support 3-2, wherein the reflector support 3-2 is used for fixing the groove-type reflector 1 on the ground surface, and the heat collection tube support 3-1 is used for fixing the heat collection tube 2 at the focal line of the groove-type reflector 1;
the heat exchange and heat accumulation system comprises a water circulation pipeline 4, a water pump 5-1, a first waterway control valve 6-1, a second waterway control valve 6-2 and a molten salt tank 7, wherein the water circulation pipeline 4 is connected with a water outlet of the heat collecting pipe 2, passes through the water pump 5-1 and the first waterway control valve 6-1, is introduced from below and passes through the molten salt tank 7, and then passes through the second waterway control valve 6-2 to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collecting pipe 2;
the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulation pipeline 8, a molten salt pump 5-2, a first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3, a second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4 and a heater 9, wherein the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 is led out from the bottom of the molten salt tank 7, the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 passes through the first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3 and the molten salt pump 5-2, is led into the heater 9, is led out after full heat exchange, and is connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank 7 through the second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4;
the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor 10, an N-type semiconductor 12, a hot end conductor 13-1, a cold end conductor 13-2 and an electric loop 14, wherein two hot end conductors 13-1 are arranged on a heater 9, the electric loop 14 is connected between the two hot end conductors 13-1, the P-type semiconductor 10 is arranged on one hot end conductor 13-1, the N-type semiconductor 12 is arranged on the other hot end conductor 13-1, and the cold end conductors 13-2 are arranged on the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12;
the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film 11, and the radiation cooling film 11 is covered on a cold end conductor 13-2.
A thermoelectric power generation method based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, solar heat collection in daytime: sunlight irradiated on the trough reflector 1 is collected at a focal line to heat the heat collecting pipe 2, so that the temperature of circulating water in the heat collecting pipe 2 is increased, and high-temperature steam is formed;
step 2, heat exchange and heat accumulation in daytime: the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1 are opened, high-temperature steam in the water circulation pipeline 4 exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank 7, so that the temperature of the molten salt is increased, and heat storage is realized;
step 3, heat release at night: closing the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, and opening the first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3, the second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9 and fully heat the hot end conductor 13-1;
step 4, radiation cooling at night: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof by the radiation cooling effect, and sufficiently cools the cold end conductor 13-2;
step 5, generating electricity by using a night temperature difference: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical loop 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(S P -S N )(T hot -T cool )
wherein: v is the potential difference of the circuit 14, S P Is a P-type semiconductor 10Seebeck coefficient, S N Is the Seebeck coefficient, T of the N-type semiconductor 12 hot Is the temperature of the hot side conductor 13-1, T cool Is the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
The trough mirror 1 can change the light concentration ratio according to different working conditions, and the radiation cooling film 11 can be always positioned under the shadow of the trough mirror 1 by changing the installation position.
The molten salt in the molten salt tank 7 should select commercial heat storage medium to melt nitrate (60 wt% NaNO) 3 And 40wt% KNO 3 The mixture) is suitable for practical application of small-scale engineering, can stably and continuously release heat and has lower corrosiveness, and one heat exchange and heat storage system can be matched with a plurality of thermoelectric power generation systems.
The water circulation pipeline 4, the molten salt tank 7 and the outer wall of the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 are all required to be wrapped with an aluminum silicate fiber cotton heat insulation layer so as to ensure that the molten salt is not solidified locally.
The molten salt circulation pipeline 8 inside the heater 9 is arranged according to the positions of the two hot end conductors 13-1, so that heat loss is reduced.
The P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 are pure semiconductors, so that the difference of Seebeck coefficients between the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor is larger than 500 mu V/K, and the generated potential difference can be effectively improved.
The radiation cooling film 11 adopts Ag-SiO 2 The nano composite material has the absorptivity to external radiation below 0.3, the self emissivity can reach 0.95 in the wavelength range of an atmospheric window, the surface temperature of the film is reduced by utilizing the radiation energy difference of the absorptivity to external radiation and the self emissivity, and the cold end conductor 13-2 is fully cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention utilizes the characteristic of large day-night temperature difference in northwest regions of China, utilizes solar energy to store heat in the daytime, continuously and stably releases heat at night to heat the hot end of the thermoelectric generation system, and utilizes the radiation cooling effect to cool the cold end of the thermoelectric generation system, thereby effectively increasing the potential difference of the thermoelectric generation system. The system and the method are safe, stable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, and one heat exchange and heat storage system can be connected in parallel to use a plurality of thermoelectric power generation systems, so that the generated voltage can be used for daily life, and the cost of popularizing a power grid in a northwest remote area is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention is a thermoelectric power generation system based on day-night temperature difference-radiation cooling, which consists of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a thermoelectric power generation system and a radiation cooling part; the solar heat collection system comprises a groove-type reflector 1, a heat collection tube 2, a heat collection tube support 3-1 and a reflector support 3-2, wherein the reflector support 3-2 is used for fixing the groove-type reflector 1 on the ground surface, and the heat collection tube support 3-1 is used for fixing the heat collection tube 2 at the focal line of the groove-type reflector 1; the heat exchange and heat accumulation system comprises a water circulation pipeline 4, a water pump 5-1, a first waterway control valve 6-1, a second waterway control valve 6-2 and a molten salt tank 7, wherein the water circulation pipeline 4 is connected with a water outlet of the heat collecting pipe 2, passes through the water pump 5-1 and the first waterway control valve 6-1, is introduced from below and passes through the molten salt tank 7, and then passes through the second waterway control valve 6-2 to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collecting pipe 2; the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulation pipeline 8, a molten salt pump 5-2, a first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3, a second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4 and a heater 9, wherein the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 is led out from the bottom of the molten salt tank 7, passes through the first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3 and the molten salt pump 5-2, is led into the heater 9, is led out after sufficient heat exchange, and is connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank 7 through the second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4; the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor 10, an N-type semiconductor 12, a hot end conductor 13-1, a cold end conductor 13-2 and an electric loop 14, wherein two hot end conductors 13-1 are arranged on a heater 9, the electric loop 14 is connected between the two hot end conductors 13-1, the P-type semiconductor 10 is arranged on one hot end conductor 13-1, the N-type semiconductor 12 is arranged on the other hot end conductor 13-1, and the cold end conductors 13-2 are arranged on the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12; the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film 11, and the radiation cooling film 11 is covered on a cold end conductor 13-2.
Embodiment one: thermoelectric generation in sunny days:
(1) As shown in fig. 1, solar energy is collected during daytime: sunlight irradiated on the trough reflector 1 is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting pipe 2, so that the temperature of circulating water in the heat collecting pipe 2 is raised to 600 ℃ to form high-temperature vapor;
(2) As shown in fig. 1, daytime heat exchange and heat storage: the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1 are opened, high-temperature steam in the water circulation pipeline 4 exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank 7, the temperature of the molten salt is increased to 500 ℃, and heat storage is realized;
(3) As shown in fig. 1, the night exotherm: closing the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, opening the first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3, the second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9, and fully heating the hot end conductor 13-1 to 450 ℃;
(4) As shown in fig. 1, night radiation cooling: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof by radiation cooling effect, and sufficiently cools the cold end conductor 13-2 to minus 50 ℃;
(5) As shown in fig. 1, night time thermoelectric generation: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical loop 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(S P -S N )(T hot -T cool )
wherein: v is the potential difference of the circuit 14, S P Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10 N Is the Seebeck coefficient, T of the N-type semiconductor 12 hot Is the temperature of the hot side conductor 13-1, T cool Is the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
Embodiment two: thermoelectric generation during cloudy days:
(1) As shown in fig. 1, solar energy is collected during daytime: sunlight irradiated on the trough reflector 1 is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting pipe 2, so that the temperature of circulating water in the heat collecting pipe 2 is raised to 500 ℃ to form high-temperature vapor;
(2) As shown in fig. 1, daytime heat exchange and heat storage: the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1 are opened, high-temperature steam in the water circulation pipeline 4 exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank 7, the temperature of the molten salt is increased to 400 ℃, and heat storage is realized;
(3) As shown in fig. 1, the night exotherm: closing the first waterway control valve 6-1, the second waterway control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, opening the first molten salt circuit control valve 6-3, the second molten salt circuit control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9, and fully heating the hot end conductor 13-1 to 350 ℃;
(4) As shown in fig. 1, night radiation cooling: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof by radiation cooling effect, and sufficiently cools the cold end conductor 13-2 to minus 40 ℃;
(5) As shown in fig. 1, night time thermoelectric generation: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical loop 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(S P -S N )(T hot -T cool )
wherein: v is the potential difference of the circuit 14, S P Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10 N Is the Seebeck coefficient, T of the N-type semiconductor 12 hot Is the temperature of the hot side conductor 13-1, T cool Is the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
Claims (8)
1. A thermoelectric power generation system based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling is characterized in that: the system consists of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a thermoelectric generation system and a radiation cooling part;
the solar heat collection system comprises a groove-type reflector (1), a heat collection tube (2), a heat collection tube support (3-1) and a reflector support (3-2), wherein the reflector support (3-2) is used for fixing the groove-type reflector (1) on the ground surface, and the heat collection tube support (3-1) is used for fixing the heat collection tube (2) at a focal line of the groove-type reflector (1);
the heat exchange and heat accumulation system comprises a water circulation pipeline (4), a water pump (5-1), a first waterway control valve (6-1), a second waterway control valve (6-2) and a molten salt tank (7), wherein the water circulation pipeline (4) is connected with a water outlet of the heat collection tube (2), passes through the water pump (5-1) and the first waterway control valve (6-1), is introduced from below and passes through the molten salt tank (7), and then passes through the second waterway control valve (6-2) to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collection tube (2);
the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulating pipeline (8), a molten salt pump (5-2), a first molten salt circuit control valve (6-3), a second molten salt circuit control valve (6-4) and a heater (9), wherein the molten salt circulating pipeline (8) is led out from the bottom of the molten salt tank (7), the molten salt circulating pipeline (8) passes through the first molten salt circuit control valve (6-3) and the molten salt pump (5-2), is led into the heater (9), is led out after sufficient heat exchange, and is connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank (7) through the second molten salt circuit control valve (6-4);
the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor (10), an N-type semiconductor (12), a hot end conductor (13-1), a cold end conductor (13-2) and an electric loop (14), wherein two hot end conductors (13-1) are arranged on a heater (9), the electric loop (14) is connected between the two hot end conductors (13-1), the P-type semiconductor (10) is arranged on one of the hot end conductors (13-1), the (N) -type semiconductor (12) is arranged on the other hot end conductor (13-1), and the cold end conductors (13-2) are arranged on the P-type semiconductor (10) and the N-type semiconductor (12);
the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film (11), and the radiation cooling film (11) is covered on the cold end conductor (13-2).
2. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the groove type reflector (1) can change the light concentration ratio according to different working conditions, and the radiation cooling film (11) is always positioned under the shadow of the groove type reflector (1) by changing the installation position.
3. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the molten salt in the molten salt tank (7) adopts a heat storage medium to melt nitrate, and the molten nitrate is 60wt% NaNO 3 And 40wt% KNO 3 The mixture is suitable for practical application of small-scale engineering, can stably and continuously release heat with small corrosiveness, and one heat exchange and heat storage system can be matched with a plurality of thermoelectric power generation systems.
4. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water circulation pipeline (4), the molten salt tank (7) and the outer wall of the molten salt circulation pipeline (8) are wrapped with the aluminum silicate fiber cotton heat preservation layer so as to ensure that the molten salt is not partially solidified.
5. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the molten salt circulation pipeline (8) in the heater (9) can be arranged according to the positions of the two hot end conductors (13-1), so that heat loss is reduced.
6. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the P-type semiconductor (10) and the N-type semiconductor (12) are pure semiconductors, so that the difference value of Seebeck coefficients between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is larger than 500 mu V/K, and the generated potential difference can be effectively improved.
7. A thermoelectric generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the radiation cooling film (11) adopts Ag-SiO 2 The nanometer composite material has an external radiation absorptivity of below 0.3, and its self-emissivity can reach 0.95 in the wavelength range of the atmospheric window, and the external radiation absorptivity and self-emissivity are utilizedThe difference in radiant energy of emissivity reduces the film surface temperature and sufficiently cools the cold end conductor (13-2).
8. A method of operating a thermoelectric power generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, solar heat collection in daytime: sunlight irradiated on the groove-type reflecting mirror (1) is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting pipe (2), so that the temperature of circulating water in the heat collecting pipe (2) is increased to form high-temperature steam;
step 2, heat exchange and heat accumulation in daytime: the first waterway control valve (6-1), the second waterway control valve (6-2) and the water pump (5-1) are opened, high-temperature water vapor in the water circulation pipeline (4) exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank (7), so that the temperature of the molten salt is increased, and heat storage is realized;
step 3, heat release at night: closing the first waterway control valve (6-1), the second waterway control valve (6-2) and the water pump (5-1), and opening the first molten salt circuit control valve (6-3), the second molten salt circuit control valve (6-4) and the molten salt pump (5-2) to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater (9) and fully heat the hot end conductor (13-1);
step 4, radiation cooling at night: the radiation cooling film (11) covered on the cold end conductor (13-2) reduces the temperature thereof by radiation cooling effect and sufficiently cools the cold end conductor (13-2);
step 5, generating electricity by using a night temperature difference: the temperature difference between the hot end conductor (13-1) and the cold end conductor (13-2) enables electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor (10) and the N-type semiconductor (12) to directionally move, and potential difference is generated in the electric loop (14); the potential difference is calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(S P -S N )(T hot -T cool )
wherein: v is the potential difference of the electric loop (14), S P Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10 N Is the Seebeck coefficient, T of the N-type semiconductor 12 hot Is the temperature of the hot end conductor (13-1), T cool Is the temperature of the cold end conductor (13-2).
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| 熔盐槽式光电发热电站与熔盐蓄热储能***的研究;汪琦;张慧芬;俞红啸;汪育佑;;上海化工(第07期);43-45 * |
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