CN114198274A - Day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling-based temperature difference power generation system and method - Google Patents
Day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling-based temperature difference power generation system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A temperature difference power generation system and method based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling, the system is composed of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part; the solar heat collecting system comprises a groove type reflecting mirror, a heat collecting pipe bracket and a reflecting mirror bracket; the heat exchange and storage system comprises a water circulation pipeline, a water pump, two water path control valves and a molten salt tank; the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulating pipeline, a molten salt pump, two molten salt channel control valves and a heater; the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor, an N-type semiconductor, a hot end conductor, a cold end conductor and an electric loop; the radiation cooling portion includes a radiation cooling film. The system and the method are safe, stable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, one heat exchange and storage system can be connected in parallel to use a plurality of temperature difference power generation systems, the generated voltage can be used for daily life, and the cost for popularizing the power grid in the northwest remote areas is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radiation heat transfer and thermoelectric power generation, in particular to a system and a method for enhancing thermoelectric power generation by utilizing a radiation cooling effect in an area with large day-night temperature difference.
Background
Energy crisis and environmental pollution are one of the outstanding contradictions that restrict the sustainable development of national economy in China. Under the background of this era, solar energy has been rapidly developed as a novel clean sustainable energy, and photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation have been studied with a certain success.
Photovoltaic power generation is performed by utilizing the phenomenon that potential difference is generated between the combined parts of a semiconductor and metal when illumination is performed. In terms of the current technological level, the silicon crystal photoelectric conversion process is expensive and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is low, within 11%. The solar thermal power generation utilizes solar energy collected by a large-scale array parabolic or dish-shaped mirror surface to heat a circulating working medium, generates working steam through a heat exchange device, and combines a traditional steam turbine process to achieve the purpose of power generation. Photo-thermal power generation has been widely used worldwide.
Disclosure of Invention
In consideration of the problems of high application cost, low efficiency and the like of photo-thermal power generation, the invention provides the system and the method for storing heat by utilizing solar energy in the daytime, stably releasing heat at night and enhancing the temperature difference power generation by matching with the radiation cooling effect on the basis of the thought of the system and the method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a temperature difference power generation system based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling is composed of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part;
the solar heat collecting system comprises a groove type reflector 1, a heat collecting pipe 2, a heat collecting pipe bracket 3-1 and a reflector bracket 3-2, wherein the groove type reflector 1 is fixed on the ground surface by the reflector bracket 3-2, and the heat collecting pipe 2 is fixed at the focal line of the groove type reflector 1 by the heat collecting pipe bracket 3-1;
the heat exchange and storage system comprises a water circulation pipeline 4, a water pump 5-1, a first water path control valve 6-1, a second water path control valve 6-2 and a molten salt tank 7, wherein the water circulation pipeline 4 is connected with a water outlet of the heat collection pipe 2, passes through the water pump 5-1 and the first water path control valve 6-1, is introduced from the lower part and penetrates through the molten salt tank 7, and then passes through the second water path control valve 6-2 to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collection pipe 2;
the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulation pipeline 8, a molten salt pump 5-2, a first molten salt path control valve 6-3, a second molten salt path control valve 6-4 and a heater 9, wherein the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 is led out from the bottom of a molten salt tank 7, the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 passes through the first molten salt path control valve 6-3 and the molten salt pump 5-2, is led into the heater 9, is led out after sufficient heat exchange, and is connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank 7 after passing through the second molten salt path control valve 6-4;
the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor 10, an N-type semiconductor 12, a hot end conductor 13-1, a cold end conductor 13-2 and an electric loop 14, wherein the two hot end conductors 13-1 are arranged on a heater 9, the electric loop 14 is connected between the two hot end conductors 13-1, the P-type semiconductor 10 is arranged on one hot end conductor 13-1, the N-type semiconductor 12 is arranged on the other hot end conductor 13-1, and the cold end conductor 13-2 is arranged on the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12;
the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film 11, and the radiation cooling film 11 covers the cold end conductor 13-2.
A temperature difference power generation method based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, solar energy collection in daytime: sunlight irradiating the groove type reflecting mirror 1 is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting tube 2, and the temperature of circulating water inside the heat collecting tube 2 is increased to form high-temperature steam;
step 2, day heat exchange and heat storage: the first water path control valve 6-1, the second water path control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1 are opened, and high-temperature steam in the water circulation pipeline 4 exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank 7, so that the temperature of the molten salt is increased, and heat storage is realized;
step 3, releasing heat at night: closing the first water path control valve 6-1, the second water path control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, and opening the first molten salt path control valve 6-3, the second molten salt path control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9 and fully heat the hot end conductor 13-1;
step 4, radiation cooling at night: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof through the radiation cooling effect, and fully cools the cold end conductor 13-2;
step 5, generating power by temperature difference at night: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes the electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical circuit 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(SP-SN)(Thot-Tcool)
in the formula: v is the potential difference, S, of the electrical circuit 14PIs the Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10NIs the Seebeck coefficient, T, of the N-type semiconductor 12hotIs the temperature, T, of the hot side conductor 13-1coolIs the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
The groove type reflecting mirror 1 can change the light condensation ratio according to different working conditions, and the radiation cooling film 11 can be always positioned under the shadow of the groove type reflecting mirror 1 by changing the installation position.
The molten salt in the molten salt tank 7 is commercial heat storage medium molten nitrate (60 wt% NaNO)3And 40 wt% of KNO3Mixture), is suitable for small-scale engineering practical application, can stably and continuously release heat and has lower corrosivity, and a heat exchange and heat storage system can match a plurality of thermoelectric power generation systems.
The outer walls of the water circulation pipeline 4, the molten salt tank 7 and the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 are all required to be wrapped with aluminum silicate fiber cotton heat-insulating layers, so that the problem of local solidification of molten salt is solved.
And the molten salt circulating pipeline 8 in the heater 9 is arranged according to the positions of the two hot end conductors 13-1, so that the heat loss is reduced.
The P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 are both pure semiconductors, so that the Seebeck coefficient difference between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is larger than 500 muV/K, and the generated potential difference can be effectively improved.
The radiation cooling film 11 adopts Ag-SiO2The nano composite material has the external radiation absorptivity of below 0.3, the self emissivity of 0.95 in the wavelength range of an atmospheric window, and the surface temperature of the film is reduced by utilizing the radiation energy difference between the external radiation absorptivity and the self emissivity, so that the cold end conductor 13-2 is fully cooled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention utilizes the characteristic of large day-night temperature difference in northwest areas of China, uses solar energy to store heat in the daytime, continuously and stably releases heat at night to heat the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation system, and utilizes the radiation cooling effect to cool the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation system, thereby effectively increasing the potential difference of the thermoelectric power generation system. The system and the method are safe, stable, energy-saving and environment-friendly, one heat exchange and storage system can be connected in parallel to use a plurality of temperature difference power generation systems, the generated voltage can be used for daily life, and the cost for popularizing the power grid in the northwest remote areas is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a thermoelectric power generation system based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the invention is a temperature difference power generation system based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling, which consists of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part; the solar heat collecting system comprises a groove type reflector 1, a heat collecting pipe 2, a heat collecting pipe bracket 3-1 and a reflector bracket 3-2, wherein the groove type reflector 1 is fixed on the ground surface by the reflector bracket 3-2, and the heat collecting pipe 2 is fixed at the focal line of the groove type reflector 1 by the heat collecting pipe bracket 3-1; the heat exchange and storage system comprises a water circulation pipeline 4, a water pump 5-1, a first water path control valve 6-1, a second water path control valve 6-2 and a molten salt tank 7, wherein the water circulation pipeline 4 is connected with a water outlet of the heat collection pipe 2, passes through the water pump 5-1 and the first water path control valve 6-1, is introduced from the lower part and penetrates through the molten salt tank 7, and then passes through the second water path control valve 6-2 to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collection pipe 2; the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulation pipeline 8, a molten salt pump 5-2, a first molten salt path control valve 6-3, a second molten salt path control valve 6-4 and a heater 9, wherein the molten salt circulation pipeline 8 is led out from the bottom of a molten salt tank 7, passes through the first molten salt path control valve 6-3 and the molten salt pump 5-2, is led into the heater 9, is led out after sufficient heat exchange, and is connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank 7 after passing through the second molten salt path control valve 6-4; the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor 10, an N-type semiconductor 12, a hot end conductor 13-1, a cold end conductor 13-2 and an electric loop 14, wherein the two hot end conductors 13-1 are arranged on a heater 9, the electric loop 14 is connected between the two hot end conductors 13-1, the P-type semiconductor 10 is arranged on one hot end conductor 13-1, the N-type semiconductor 12 is arranged on the other hot end conductor 13-1, and the cold end conductor 13-2 is arranged on the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12; the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film 11, and the radiation cooling film 11 covers the cold end conductor 13-2.
The first embodiment is as follows: generating power by using temperature difference in sunny days:
(1) as shown in fig. 1, solar energy is collected during the daytime: sunlight irradiating the groove type reflecting mirror 1 is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting tube 2, the temperature of circulating water in the heat collecting tube 2 is raised to 600 ℃, and high-temperature steam is formed;
(2) as shown in fig. 1, daytime heat exchange and heat storage: opening a first water path control valve 6-1, a second water path control valve 6-2 and a water pump 5-1, and exchanging heat between high-temperature steam in a water circulation pipeline 4 and molten salt in a molten salt tank 7 to increase the temperature of the molten salt to 500 ℃ so as to realize heat storage;
(3) as shown in fig. 1, the exotherm occurred during the night: closing the first water path control valve 6-1, the second water path control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, and opening the first molten salt path control valve 6-3, the second molten salt path control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9 and fully heat the hot end conductor 13-1 to 450 ℃;
(4) as shown in fig. 1, nighttime radiant cooling: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof through the radiation cooling effect, and fully cools the cold end conductor 13-2 to minus 50 ℃;
(5) as shown in fig. 1, the nighttime thermoelectric power generation: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes the electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical circuit 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(SP-SN)(Thot-Tcool)
in the formula: v is the potential difference, S, of the electrical circuit 14PIs the Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10NIs the Seebeck coefficient, T, of the N-type semiconductor 12hotIs the temperature, T, of the hot side conductor 13-1coolIs the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
Example two: generating power by temperature difference in cloudy days:
(1) as shown in fig. 1, solar energy is collected during the daytime: sunlight irradiating the groove type reflecting mirror 1 is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting tube 2, the temperature of circulating water inside the heat collecting tube 2 is raised to 500 ℃, and high-temperature steam is formed;
(2) as shown in fig. 1, daytime heat exchange and heat storage: opening a first water path control valve 6-1, a second water path control valve 6-2 and a water pump 5-1, and exchanging heat between high-temperature steam in a water circulation pipeline 4 and molten salt in a molten salt tank 7 to increase the temperature of the molten salt to 400 ℃ so as to realize heat storage;
(3) as shown in fig. 1, the exotherm occurred during the night: closing the first water path control valve 6-1, the second water path control valve 6-2 and the water pump 5-1, and opening the first molten salt path control valve 6-3, the second molten salt path control valve 6-4 and the molten salt pump 5-2 to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater 9 and fully heat the hot end conductor 13-1 to 350 ℃;
(4) as shown in fig. 1, nighttime radiant cooling: the radiation cooling film 11 covered on the cold end conductor 13-2 reduces the temperature thereof through the radiation cooling effect, and fully cools the cold end conductor 13-2 to minus 40 ℃;
(5) as shown in fig. 1, the nighttime thermoelectric power generation: the large temperature difference between the hot side conductor 13-1 and the cold side conductor 13-2 causes the electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 to move directionally, creating a potential difference in the electrical circuit 14. The potential difference can be calculated according to the seebeck formula, which is shown below:
V＝(SP-SN)(Thot-Tcool)
in the formula: v is the potential difference, S, of the electrical circuit 14PIs the Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10NIs the Seebeck coefficient, T, of the N-type semiconductor 12hotIs the temperature, T, of the hot side conductor 13-1coolIs the temperature of the cold side conductor 13-2.
Claims (8)
1. A thermoelectric power generation system based on day and night temperature difference-radiation cooling is characterized in that: the system consists of a solar heat collection system, a heat exchange and storage system, a molten salt heating system, a temperature difference power generation system and a radiation cooling part;
the solar heat collecting system comprises a groove type reflector (1), a heat collecting pipe (2), a heat collecting pipe support (3-1) and a reflector support (3-2), wherein the groove type reflector (1) is fixed on the ground surface by the reflector support (3-2), and the heat collecting pipe (2) is fixed at a focal line of the groove type reflector (1) by the heat collecting pipe support (3-1);
the heat exchange and storage system comprises a water circulation pipeline (4), a water pump (5-1), a first water path control valve (6-1), a second water path control valve (6-2) and a molten salt tank (7), wherein the water circulation pipeline (4) is connected with a water outlet of the heat collection pipe (2), passes through the water pump (5-1) and the first water path control valve (6-1), is introduced from the lower part and penetrates through the molten salt tank (7), and then passes through the second water path control valve (6-2) to be connected with a water inlet of the heat collection pipe (2);
the molten salt heating system comprises a molten salt circulating pipeline (8), a molten salt pump (5-2), a first molten salt path control valve (6-3), a second molten salt path control valve (6-4) and a heater (9), wherein the molten salt circulating pipeline (8) is led out from the bottom of a molten salt tank (7), the molten salt circulating pipeline (8) penetrates through the first molten salt path control valve (6-3) and the molten salt pump (5-2), is introduced into the heater (9), is led out after sufficient heat exchange, and penetrates through the second molten salt path control valve (6-4) to be connected with the upper part of the molten salt tank (7);
the thermoelectric power generation system comprises a P-type semiconductor (10), an N-type semiconductor (12), a hot end conductor (13-1), a cold end conductor (13-2) and an electric loop (14), wherein the two hot end conductors (13-1) are placed on a heater (9), the electric loop (14) is connected between the two hot end conductors (13-1), the P-type semiconductor (10) is placed on one hot end conductor (13-1), the N-type semiconductor (12) is placed on the other hot end conductor (13-1), and the cold end conductor (13-2) is placed on the P-type semiconductor (10) and the N-type semiconductor (12);
the radiation cooling part comprises a radiation cooling film (11), and the radiation cooling film (11) covers the cold end conductor (13-2).
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the groove type reflecting mirror (1) can change the light condensation ratio according to different working conditions, and the radiation cooling film (11) is always positioned under the shadow of the groove type reflecting mirror (1) by changing the installation position.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the molten salt in the molten salt tank (7) adopts heat storage medium to melt nitrate, and the molten nitrate is 60 wt% of NaNO3And 40 wt% of KNO3The mixture is suitable for small-scale engineering practical application, can stably and continuously release heat, has small corrosivity, and can be matched with a plurality of temperature difference power generation systems by one heat exchange and heat storage system.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the outer walls of the water circulation pipeline (4), the molten salt tank (7) and the molten salt circulation pipeline (8) are all wrapped by aluminum silicate fiber cotton heat-insulating layers to ensure that the molten salt is not locally solidified.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the molten salt circulation pipeline (8) in the heater (9) can be arranged according to the positions of the two hot end conductors (13-1), so that heat loss is reduced.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the P-type semiconductor 10 and the N-type semiconductor 12 are both pure semiconductors, so that the Seebeck coefficient difference between the P-type semiconductor and the N-type semiconductor is larger than 500 muV/K, and the generated potential difference can be effectively improved.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation system is based on diurnal thermoelectric-radiative cooling, and comprises: the radiation cooling film (11) adopts Ag-SiO2The nano composite material has the external radiation absorptivity of below 0.3, the self emissivity of 0.95 in the wavelength range of an atmospheric window, and the surface temperature of the film is reduced by utilizing the radiation energy difference between the external radiation absorptivity and the self emissivity, so that the cold end conductor (13-2) is fully cooled.
8. The method of operating a thermoelectric power generation system based on diurnal thermo-radiative cooling of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, solar energy collection in daytime: sunlight irradiating the groove type reflecting mirror (1) is gathered at a focal line to heat the heat collecting tube (2), so that the temperature of circulating water inside the heat collecting tube (2) is increased, and high-temperature steam is formed;
step 2, day heat exchange and heat storage: the first water path control valve (6-1), the second water path control valve (6-2) and the water pump (5-1) are opened, high-temperature steam in the water circulation pipeline (4) exchanges heat with molten salt in the molten salt tank (7), the temperature of the molten salt is increased, and heat storage is realized;
step 3, releasing heat at night: closing the first water path control valve (6-1), the second water path control valve (6-2) and the water pump (5-1), and opening the first molten salt path control valve (6-3), the second molten salt path control valve (6-4) and the molten salt pump (5-2) to enable high-temperature molten salt to enter the heater (9) and fully heat the hot end conductor (13-1);
step 4, radiation cooling at night: the radiation cooling film (11) covered on the cold end conductor (13-2) reduces the temperature of the radiation cooling film through the radiation cooling effect, and the cold end conductor (13-2) is fully cooled;
step 5, generating power by temperature difference at night: the temperature difference between the hot end conductor (13-1) and the cold end conductor (13-2) enables electrons and holes in the P-type semiconductor (10) and the N-type semiconductor (12) to move directionally, and an electric potential difference is generated in the electric loop (14). The potential difference is calculated according to the seebeck formula as follows:
V＝(SP-SN)(Thot-Tcool)
in the formula: v is the potential difference of the electric circuit (14), SPIs the Seebeck coefficient, S, of the P-type semiconductor 10NIs the Seebeck coefficient, T, of the N-type semiconductor 12hotIs the temperature, T, of the hot side conductor (13-1)coolIs the temperature of the cold side conductor (13-2).
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| US20210310365A1 (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-07 | Xi'an Jiaotong University | Solar aided coal-fired power generation system participating in primary frequency regulation and control method thereof |
| CN109900001A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-06-18 | 南瑞集团有限公司 | A kind of wind light generation joint electric heat storage comprehensive energy supply system |
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