CN114197503A - Method for renovating and utilizing coal mine waste rock - Google Patents
Method for renovating and utilizing coal mine waste rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN114197503A CN114197503A CN202111653896.XA CN202111653896A CN114197503A CN 114197503 A CN114197503 A CN 114197503A CN 202111653896 A CN202111653896 A CN 202111653896A CN 114197503 A CN114197503 A CN 114197503A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F3/00—Sewer pipe-line systems
- E03F3/04—Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for remedying and utilizing a coal mine waste rock mountain, which is used for remedying and restoring a waste rock mountain generated in a mining process into a mountain landscape park, so that the hazards of spontaneous combustion of the waste rock, mountain instability, pollution diffusion and the like caused by accumulation of the coal mine waste rock are eliminated, the environment is beautified, the local ecological landscape is improved, the resource remediation and utilization of the coal mine waste rock are realized, and the positive effect of promoting the coordinated development of a mining area is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of restoration and utilization of mining, land and mine geological environments, in particular to a method for renovating and utilizing a coal mine waste rock mountain.
Background
The coal gangue dump not only occupies a large amount of land, but also the sulfide contained in the coal gangue dump can pollute the surrounding atmosphere and water environment after being oxidized and seriously destroy the ecological landscape; and toxic heavy metal elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other pollutants in the coal gangue enter a water area through rainwater leaching or permeate into soil to influence water and soil, the pollutants are absorbed by plant roots to influence plant growth, and meanwhile, the pollutants enter a human body through a food chain to endanger human health. At present, most of coal gangue produced by coal mines in China is stacked in the open air, land is invaded to different degrees, plain areas are more obvious, and land occupation of gangue hills in China is 400hm every year2Is increasing. Because the coal gangue is piled up too high, the slope is too big, still form disasters such as collapse, landslide and mud-rock flow easily, cause near soil buried, building to be destroyed, endanger life and property safety. For the coal gangue dump which is spontaneously combusted, if the coal gangue dump is permeated by drenching water, explosion is easily caused by rapid expansion of water vapor after being heated, and the safety of mining areas and nearby residents is seriously threatened.
The method has the advantages that the coal gangue dump is treated and vegetation is restored, so that the establishment of a stable artificial plant ecological community is the basis and the core content of the ecological reconstruction of the mining area, the original appearance of the gangue dump, which is obtrusive and barren, can be changed, greening is increased, the ecological environment of the mining area is improved, and the method becomes one of the effective ways for treating the gangue dump at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one of technical problems in the related technology to a certain extent, and provides a method for renovating and utilizing a coal mine waste rock.
In view of the above, according to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for renovating and utilizing a coal mine waste rock, including:
fireproof measures are taken for the positions where the gangue piles catch fire or have hidden fire hazards; cutting and shaping the hillock, and keeping the shape of the mountain slope of the hillock;
leveling the tops of the waste rock hills in different areas or integrally, and constructing 3-5 grade slope-separated terraces along the circumferential direction of the waste rock hills; in the width direction of the slope separating terrace, a terrace ridge is arranged on one side of the slope separating terrace and is 0.3-0.5m higher than the slope separating terrace; an anti-skid wall and a terrace drainage ditch are arranged on the other side of the slope-separating terrace; the terrace drainage ditch is positioned between the slope separating terrace and the anti-skid wall and is used for collecting water sources in the gangue dump;
adjusting the pH value of the waste rock on the waste rock hills, performing soil covering treatment, and paving a vegetation net to plant vegetation;
building a mountain road and a water retention system; the water retention system comprises a pond and a road ditch; wherein the road ditch is built at two sides of the mountain climbing road, and the terrace drainage ditch is communicated with the road ditch; the pond and the road ditch are connected with a water source.
In some embodiments, the remediation utilization method further comprises providing an irrigation system; the irrigation system comprises a water pool, a pump station and a pipeline; wherein the pump station is connected to the pond to transport water from the pond to the basin; the pipeline is connected with the water pool and is used for irrigating the gangue dump.
In some embodiments, a plurality of first drainage holes are arranged on the antiskid wall, wherein the plurality of first drainage holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the slope-separating terrace; and a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the first drainage hole.
In some embodiments, the terrace gutter includes a side wall and a lower wall perpendicular to a bottom of the side wall; wherein in the height direction of the gangue dump, the slope-separating terrace is connected with the side wall and is positioned at the upper part of the side wall; the anti-slide wall is connected with the lower wall; the drain hole is positioned above the lower wall.
In some embodiments, the method for adjusting the pH value of the gangue comprises the following steps:
for the acid gangue, 15-20 kg of lime or 40-50 kg of plant ash is applied per mu;
for the alkaline gangue, 30-40 kg of gypsum is applied per acre.
In some embodiments, after adjusting the pH value of the gangue for 2-3 months, 50-70cm and 10-20cm of soil is respectively covered on the terrace of the separated slopes and the slope of the mountain.
In some embodiments, a vegetation net is laid on the slope of the hillside.
In some embodiments, the uphill road is laid annularly along a circumference of the hillock; wherein the grade of the uphill road is no more than 8 °; the mountain going road comprises a roadbed and a pavement; wherein a coarse gangue layer, a fine gangue layer and a water permeable brick are sequentially paved on the roadbed and the road surface from bottom to top; the particle size of the waste rock in the coarse waste rock layer is more than 10cm, and the particle size of the waste rock in the fine waste rock layer is 1-3 cm.
In some embodiments, the grade formed by the middle of the uphill road to the road ditch is 2%.
In some embodiments, the roadway gutter includes; the bottom parts of the two vertical walls are communicated; the upper part of one vertical wall is connected with the mountain climbing road, the upper part of the other vertical wall is connected with the mountain slope of the gangue dump, and a plurality of second drain holes are formed in the upper part of the other vertical wall; the second drain holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the vertical wall; and a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the second drain hole.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of slope cutting and shaping of a waste rock hill according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the slope-separating terrace and the anti-slide wall according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of an ascending road according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hillock water retention system provided by the invention.
Reference numerals
1, a slope surface of a raw gangue hill; a mountain top platform 2; a terrace with a separate slope 3; a mountain slope 4; an anti-slide wall 5; a terrace drain 6; a first drain hole 7; terrace ridges 8; a vegetation net 9; a road bed and a road surface 10; a road gutter 11; going up a mountain road 12; a pond 13; a pump station 14; a water basin 15; a line 16; and a second drain hole 17.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Fig. 1 to 4 show a method for renovating and utilizing a coal mine waste rock according to an aspect of an embodiment of the invention, including:
fireproof measures are taken for the position where the gangue dump catches fire or has hidden danger of catching fire; cutting and shaping the hillock, but keeping the shape of the mountain slope surface 4 of the hillock;
leveling and compacting the tops of the waste rock hills in different areas or integrally, and building 3-5 grade slope-separating terraces 3 along the circumferential direction of the waste rock hills; a terrace ridge 8 is arranged on one side of the slope separating terrace 3 in the width direction and is 30.3-0.5m higher than the slope separating terrace; an anti-slide wall 5 and a terrace drainage ditch 6 are arranged on the other side of the slope-separating terrace 3; the terrace drainage ditch 6 is positioned between the slope-separating terrace 3 and the anti-slide wall 5 in the width direction of the slope-separating terrace 3 and is used for collecting water sources in the gangue dump;
adjusting the pH value of the waste rock on the waste rock hills, covering soil, paving a vegetation net 9 and planting vegetation;
building a mountain-climbing road 12 and a water retention system; the water retention system comprises a pond 13 and a road ditch 11; wherein the road ditch 11 is built on both sides of the upper mountain road 12, the terrace drainage ditch 6 is communicated with the road ditch 11, and the pond 13 is connected with the road ditch 11 to store water sources.
Specifically, the fire prevention measures are taken for the positions where the gangue dump catches fire or the positions with hidden fire hazards are divided into the following steps: the method is characterized in that a direct excavation method and a grouting method are adopted for extinguishing fire for the part of the gangue dump which catches fire and spontaneously ignites, namely the part of the gangue dump which catches fire and spontaneously ignites is excavated, and then the part is subjected to grouting for extinguishing fire, wherein a grouting material can be a loess, fly ash and lime mixed slurry method, a low-temperature inert gas method or other novel grouting materials. As known to those skilled in the art, the "loess + fly ash + lime" mixed slurry method, the low-temperature inert gas method and the like are conventional technical means in the field, and are not described herein again.
The position of the gangue dump with the fire hidden danger is treated by adopting a grouting method, a surface sealing method and a compacting method, and the grouting material can adopt a loess, fly ash and lime mixed slurry method, a low-temperature inert gas method or other novel grouting materials; the surface sealing and compaction adopt the hillock surface to pave soil, compaction, and isolated air enters the way, makes the inside air consumption of hillock totally, reduces the flow capacity of air wherein to reduce the spontaneous combustion risk of hillock.
As shown in fig. 1, the angle of the slope surface 11 of the original gangue dump of the untreated gangue dump is generally the maximum angle for maintaining the natural stable state of the gangue dump, i.e., the angle of the gangue dump is equal to the natural repose angle of the gangue, and the gangue dump is in a critical stable state. In the embodiment, the slope of the gangue dump can be integrally reduced by properly expanding the boundary of the gangue dump field, but the slope form of the gangue dump is kept, so that the integral angle and the local angle of the gangue dump are both smaller than 45 degrees, and the stability of the gangue dump is improved.
Known, the coal mine waste rock hills are generally in the shape of a hilly mountain with a large gradient, the coal mine waste rock hills have the characteristic of high rise or lingering, various landscape elements on the slope surface of the coal mine waste rock hills can be displayed in a three-dimensional form in the aspect of landscape effect, the landform is a unique landscape element, the form of the slope surface 4 of the hilly mountain body of the waste rock hills can be kept when the waste rock hills are cut and shaped, and the ornamental value of the waste rock hills after renovation is improved.
And leveling the mountain tops of the waste rock mountain in different areas or integrally, compacting and building the mountain tops into a mountain top platform 2. Optionally, the mountain top platform 2 may be designed to be used in mountain top landscape or garden or to build a pool, etc. The landscape architecture shoddy is designed according to the environmental characteristics of the coal gangue mountain, and the facilities and buildings according with the mining area environment and the local humanistic characteristics can be designed, the landscape architecture shoddy can be designed according to the styles of 'pavilion-like places, champs-elysees' of the traditional gardens, and modern landscape architecture can also be designed by combining the design method of modern landscape architecture. In the embodiment, the gangue hill top platform 2 is designed into a mountain top landscape garden, vegetation is planted on the mountain slope surface and the separated slope terrace of the gangue hill, and the ornamental value of the gangue hill reclamation is improved from the landscape garden small product and the vegetation landscape of the gangue hill.
After the mountain top platform 2 of the waste rock mountain is renovated, building a 3-5 grade slope-separating terrace 3 at a gentle slope according to the slope, height and size of the waste rock mountain; wherein the slope-separating terraces 3 are annularly arranged around the gangue dump for a circle along the circumferential direction of the gangue dump, and the width of each level of the slope-separating terraces 3 can be selected to be 1.2 m. A terrace ridge 8 is arranged on one side of each grade of the slope separating terrace 3 in the width direction, and the terrace ridge 8 is 0.3-0.5m higher than the slope separating terrace 3; an anti-slide wall 5 and a terrace drainage ditch 6 are arranged on the other side of the slope-separating terrace 3; the terrace drainage ditch 6 is arranged between the slope-separating terrace 3 and the anti-slide wall 5 in the width direction of the slope-separating terrace 3 and is used for collecting water sources in the gangue dump.
For the convenience of understanding of the present embodiment, it is exemplified that the width direction of the slope-separating terrace 3 coincides with the left-right direction, the height direction of the gangue dump coincides with the up-down direction, and the length direction of the slope-separating terrace 3 coincides with the length direction of the vertical wall, which both coincide with the front-back direction, as shown in fig. 2, wherein the front-back direction is perpendicular to the up-down direction and the left-right direction, respectively (not shown in the figure).
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, a terrace ridge 8 is arranged on the left side of the slope separating terrace 3, and the terrace ridge 8 is 0.3-0.5m higher than the slope separating terrace 3; an anti-slide wall 5 and a terrace drainage ditch 6 are arranged on the right side of the slope separating terrace 3, wherein the terrace drainage ditch 6 is positioned between the slope separating terrace 3 and the anti-slide wall 5, and the terrace drainage ditch 6 is built next to the anti-slide wall 5 and is used for collecting hillside body precipitation of the gangue. The concrete terrace drain ditch 6 comprises a side wall and a lower wall vertical to the bottom of the side wall, and the side wall of the terrace drain ditch 6 is parallel to the anti-sliding wall 5; wherein, in the direction of the height of the gangue dump, the slope-separating terrace 3 is positioned at the upper part of the side wall of the terrace drainage ditch 6, and the anti-slide wall 5 is connected with the lower wall of the terrace drainage ditch 6.
When the width of the slope-separating terrace 3 is 1.2m, the height of the anti-slide wall 5 is 120cm, and the width is 30 cm; the terrace gutters 6 are preferably 20cm wide and 20cm deep. And (3) building anti-slide walls 5 and terrace drainage ditches 6 along the high slopes of the slope-separating terraces to increase the stability of the mountain slope surfaces 4 of the waste rock hills and control water and soil loss. Optionally, the terrace drainage ditch 6 is built by C25 concrete; and when the anti-slide wall 5 is built, the gangue dump material is fully utilized, and the anti-slide wall 5 is built by adopting C25 concrete and sandstone gangue, wherein the sandstone gangue has high strength and good permeability. However, it should be noted that it is not suitable to use mudstone or other water-swellable soft rock for constructing the anti-slide wall 5.
In some embodiments, a plurality of first drainage holes 7 are provided on the anti-slide wall 5, wherein the first drainage holes 7 are located above the lower wall of the terrace drainage ditch 6, the plurality of first drainage holes 7 are provided at intervals of 2m along the length direction of the slope-isolating terrace 3, and the diameter of the first drainage holes 7 is preferably 5 cm. Advantageously, a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the first drain hole 7, and the filter screen is arranged to prevent the first drain hole 7 from being blocked. The arrangement of the first drainage hole 7 can discharge redundant water in the waste rock hill into the terrace drainage ditch 6 for collection.
In some embodiments, the method of adjusting the ph of the mine spoil on the mine spoil comprises: for acid gangue, 15-20 kg of lime or 40-50 kg of plant ash is applied per mu; for alkaline gangue, 30-40 kg of gypsum is applied per mu.
Specifically, the gangue in each gangue dump has different pH values, some are acidic, some are alkaline, and in order to ensure the normal growth of vegetation, the pH value of the surface gangue needs to be adjusted to a proper plant growth range. For acid gangue, 15-20 kg of lime is applied to each mu of land or 40-50 kg of plant ash is applied to each mu of land before covering soil; for alkaline waste rocks, 30-40 kg of gypsum is applied per mu before covering soil.
When the pH value of the gangue is adjusted, the organic fertilizer is applied to effectively improve the buffering performance of the soil, and the urban sludge, the soil miscellaneous fertilizer, the farmyard manure and the like are mixed with lime, plant ash or gypsum for application.
After adjusting the pH value of the waste rock for 2-3 months, respectively covering 50-70cm (preferably 50cm) and 10-20cm (preferably 10cm) of soil on the hillside slope surface 4 of the separated terrace 3 and the waste rock mountain, improving the water and fertilizer retention performance of the coal waste rock, preventing salt from rising to the ground surface, and providing a good substrate environment for the survival and growth of plants.
After the hillock is covered with soil, because the slope surface 4 of the hillock is relatively large in gradient, water and soil loss is easy to occur during rainfall, optionally, a three-dimensional vegetation net 9 is paved on the slope surface 4 of the hillock, and vegetation is planted by adopting a spray-seeding grass planting technology to further control the water and soil loss.
It should be noted that the coal gangue is lack of available nutrients, the supplement of available nutrients is emphasized in the early stage of vegetation planting, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used for fertilization, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are supplemented, and organic fertilizer is preferably used, but the content of organic matters and the content of slow-acting nutrients in the coal gangue are not low, irrigation is enhanced during planting, and the release and conversion of the nutrients in the coal gangue are promoted.
In some embodiments, the original road is fully utilized according to the form of the hillock, and the upper mountain road 12 is annularly paved or constructed in a zigzag shape along the circumferential direction of the hillock; the ascending road 12 is led to the mountain top platform 2 of the gangue dump from the mountain foot of the gangue dump, and the slopes of the two sides of the ascending road 12 are properly slowed down, so that the slope of the ascending road 12 is not more than 8 degrees.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the mountain climbing road 12 includes a roadbed and a road surface 10; wherein, a coarse gangue layer, a fine gangue layer and a water permeable brick are sequentially paved on the roadbed and the road surface 10 from bottom to top and are compacted layer by layer; wherein the particle size of the waste rock in the coarse waste rock layer is more than 10cm, and the particle size of the waste rock in the fine waste rock layer is 1-3cm (preferably 2 cm). The slope of 2% is designed to the road ditch 11 of both sides in the way of going up mountain road 12, prevents the surface ponding.
In some embodiments, a road ditch 11 is constructed along both sides of the mountain climbing road 12, wherein the road ditch 11 comprises; the bottom parts of the two vertical walls are communicated; one vertical wall is connected with the upper mountain road 12, the other vertical wall is connected with the slope 4 of the hillside of the gangue dump and is provided with a plurality of second drain holes 17, wherein the plurality of second drain holes 17 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the vertical wall; a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the second drain hole 17.
Specifically, the road ditch 11 is communicated with each stage of terrace drain 6 to collect rainwater. When the width of the slope-separating terrace 3 is 1.2m, the height of the anti-slide wall 5 is preferably 120cm, and the width is preferably 30 cm; when the terrace drain 6 is preferably 20cm wide and 20cm deep, the road ditch 11 is preferably 20cm wide and 30cm deep.
Advantageously, a second drain hole 17 with the diameter of 5cm is designed on the vertical wall of one side of the mountain slope surface 4 close to the waste rock hill at intervals of 4m, accumulated water in the waste rock hill is drained to the road ditch 11, and a filter screen is installed at the outlet of the second drain hole 17 to prevent the drain hole from being blocked.
In some embodiments, the remediation utilization method further comprises providing an irrigation system; the irrigation system comprises a water pool 15 built at the top of the hillock, a pump station 14, a pipeline 16 and an irrigation spray head connected with the pipeline 16; wherein the pump station 14 is connected with the pond 13 and transports the water source collected in the pond 13 to the water pool 15; the pipeline 16 is connected with the water pool 15, the irrigation spray nozzle is utilized to regularly spray and irrigate the separated slope terrace 3 and the mountain slope surface 4, and the water content inside the gangue mountain slope is kept by permeating the separated slope terrace 3 and the mountain slope surface 4, so that the fire prevention effect on the surface layer of the gangue mountain and the sealing effect inside the mountain are achieved, and a water source utilization system integrating row water guide, irrigation and fire prevention is formed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, a pond 13 can be built at a low-lying position of the mountain foot of the waste rock mountain, and the pond 13 is communicated with a pond 15 built at the top of the waste rock mountain through road ditches 11 at two sides of an upper mountain road 12. Specifically, a pump station 14 is built beside a pond 13 at the foot of the hillside, the water in the pond 13 is pumped to a mountain top water pool 15 by laying cast iron pipes, an irrigation system is formed by embedding a PVC main pipe and PE branch pipes and connecting the PVC main pipe and the PE branch pipes with the mountain top water pool 15, the irrigation system is used for irrigating the mountain top and the whole hillside vegetation, and the water pool 15 built on the mountain top platform 2 of the hillside can be used for landscape water pool 15 and water storage irrigation.
Optionally, the renovation and utilization method further comprises the step of arranging a water treatment device; the water treatment device can filter and purify water in the pond 13, and when the water body is permeated through the waste rock and is drained and guided to the water storage pond 13 through irrigation, the water body can contain part of harmful substances contained in the waste rock, and after the water body in the pond 13 is treated, the water body is pumped to the water pool 15 of the mountain top platform 2 for utilization, so that the effect of gradually improving the harmful substances in the waste rock is achieved.
Therefore, the drainage and water storage system of the 'annular terrace drainage ditch 6 of the gangue dump, the road ditch 11 of the mountain road 12 and the pond 13 of the mountain foot' is constructed in the embodiment. The irrigation can accelerate the weathering of the coal gangue, improve the activity of microorganisms, promote the release of nutrients in the coal gangue and improve the fertility level of the coal gangue hill. In the embodiment, vegetation planting is implemented on the gangue hill top platform 2, the mountain slope surface 4 of the gangue hill and the separated slope terrace 3, and when plant landscape planning and design are carried out, local vegetation distribution characteristics are considered, so that the condition that the gangue hill can stand on the ground is met, different ecological characteristics and phenological characteristics are provided, and plant materials with high ornamental value are reasonably configured. The selection of the plant material can consider the shape, the leaf color, the leaf shape, the shape of the crown, the color of the flower, the color of the fruit and the like of the plant, and combines the shape of the mountain and the small landscape garden to create the coal gangue mountain reclamation landscape with 'mountain flowers rotten, evergreen in four seasons and elegant landscape'.
Optionally, economic fruit trees such as peach trees, pear trees and the like can be planted at 3 places of the sloping terraced fields, the economic fruit trees are not only assisted with landscape of 2 mountaintop platforms, but also have economic value, the effect of reclamation and reutilization of the waste rock hills is achieved, root systems of the fruit trees are developed and go deep into the waste rock hills, and the fruit trees play a role in stabilizing the stability of slope bodies and slopes of the waste rock hills.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the drawings, are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "an embodiment," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for renovating and utilizing a coal mine waste rock is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fireproof measures are taken for the positions where the gangue piles catch fire or have hidden fire hazards; cutting and shaping the hillock, and keeping the shape of the mountain slope of the hillock;
leveling the tops of the waste rock hills in different areas or integrally, and constructing 3-5 grade slope-separated terraces along the circumferential direction of the waste rock hills; in the width direction of the slope separating terrace, a terrace ridge is arranged on one side of the slope separating terrace and is 0.3-0.5m higher than the slope separating terrace; an anti-skid wall and a terrace drainage ditch are arranged on the other side of the slope-separating terrace; the terrace drainage ditch is positioned between the slope separating terrace and the anti-skid wall and is used for collecting water sources in the gangue dump;
adjusting the pH value of the waste rock on the waste rock hills, performing soil covering treatment, and paving a vegetation net to plant vegetation;
building a mountain road and a water retention system; the water retention system comprises a pond and a road ditch; wherein the road ditch is built at two sides of the mountain climbing road, and the terrace drainage ditch is communicated with the road ditch; the pond and the road ditch are connected with a water source.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an irrigation system; the irrigation system comprises a water pool, a pump station and a pipeline; wherein the pump station is connected to the pond to transport water from the pond to the basin; the pipeline is connected with the water pool and is used for irrigating the gangue dump.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein a plurality of first drainage holes are provided in the slide wall, wherein the plurality of first drainage holes are spaced along the length of the terrace; and a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the first drainage hole.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the terrace gutter comprises a side wall and a lower wall perpendicular to a bottom of the side wall; wherein in the height direction of the gangue dump, the slope-separating terrace is connected with the side wall and is positioned at the upper part of the side wall; the anti-slide wall is connected with the lower wall; the drain hole is positioned above the lower wall.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of adjusting the gangue acidity and alkalinity is:
for the acid gangue, 15-20 kg of lime or 40-50 kg of plant ash is applied per mu;
for the alkaline gangue, 30-40 kg of gypsum is applied per acre.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 50-70cm and 10-20cm of soil are respectively covered on the terrace of the separated slopes and the slope of the mountain after adjusting the pH value of the gangue for 2-3 months.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein a vegetation net is laid on the hill slope of the hillock.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the uphill road is laid annularly along a circumference of the hillock; wherein the grade of the uphill road is no more than 8 °; the mountain going road comprises a roadbed and a pavement; wherein a coarse gangue layer, a fine gangue layer and a water permeable brick are sequentially paved on the roadbed and the road surface from bottom to top; the particle size of the waste rock in the coarse waste rock layer is more than 10cm, and the particle size of the waste rock in the fine waste rock layer is 1-3 cm.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the slope formed by the middle of the uphill road to the road ditch is 2%.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the roadway gutter comprises; the bottom parts of the two vertical walls are communicated; the upper part of one vertical wall is connected with the mountain climbing road, the upper part of the other vertical wall is connected with the mountain slope of the gangue dump, and a plurality of second drain holes are formed in the upper part of the other vertical wall; the second drain holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the vertical wall; and a filter screen is arranged at the outlet of the second drain hole.
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