CN114188578B - Flame tube air inlet method of solid oxide fuel cell system and combustion chamber thereof - Google Patents
Flame tube air inlet method of solid oxide fuel cell system and combustion chamber thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114188578B CN114188578B CN202111522879.2A CN202111522879A CN114188578B CN 114188578 B CN114188578 B CN 114188578B CN 202111522879 A CN202111522879 A CN 202111522879A CN 114188578 B CN114188578 B CN 114188578B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
- F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a flame tube air inlet method of a solid oxide fuel cell system, wherein anode tail gas of a galvanic pile enters the flame tube from the head part of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube in the following mode: 1) Entering the flame tube from side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube; 2) Entering the flame tube from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube; 3) The cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode is wrapped along the air inlet direction and the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode enters the flame tube from the head part of the flame tube. The invention also relates to a combustion chamber adopting the method. The invention realizes stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, changeable residual gas coefficient and extremely low combustion heat value by adopting the means of swirl flame stabilization, multi-point flame arrangement, anode tail gas collection and distribution, unique distribution modes of the side wall through holes and the end wall through holes and the like, and the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is uniformly distributed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a flame tube air inlet method of a solid oxide fuel cell system and a combustion chamber thereof, belonging to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells.
Background
A solid oxide fuel cell (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, abbreviated as SOFC) belongs to a third generation fuel cell, is an all-solid chemical power generation device for directly converting chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy at medium and high temperature with high efficiency and environmental friendliness, and is one of several fuel cells with highest theoretical energy density. The SOFC has the advantages of wide fuel adaptability, high energy conversion efficiency, near zero pollution and the like. The power conversion efficiency can reach more than 65%, and the power conversion device has wide application prospect in civil fields such as large-scale centralized power supply, medium-sized power distribution, small-sized domestic cogeneration and the like, as a fixed power station, and as a mobile power source such as a ship power source, a traffic vehicle power source and the like.
The combustion chamber is used as a core component of the SOFC system heat balance, and plays a role in heating the whole system in a system starting stage, so that the electric pile meets the requirement of power generation working conditions, and the residual fuel of the tail gas of the electric pile is burned out in a system stable power generation stage, so that the effect of maintaining the high-temperature operation of the system is achieved. The SOFC system has changeable gas components in the heating stage, water vapor is introduced from the initial carbon hydrogen gas fuel to the subsequent fuel, the fuel components such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like appear along with the progress of reforming reaction, carbon dioxide and water vapor also appear simultaneously, and different residual gas coefficients are realized in different heating stages; in the power generation operation stage of the system, the gas component entering the combustion chamber is the unreacted tail gas in the electric pile, the heat value of the anode gas is very low, and the oxygen component in the cathode gas is also low, so that how to realize stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, multiple residual gas coefficients and very low heat value of fuel is a main difficulty in the structural design of the SOFC combustion chamber. Because the fuel calorific value is extremely low under the power generation working condition, and the flow of fuel and air has fluctuation under each working condition, the combustion stability is a difficult problem. The existing SOFC system uses a combustion organization mode of catalytic combustion or a porous medium premixing combustion mode, and the catalytic combustion needs an expensive catalyst and has a limited service life; the prior porous medium premixed combustion has extremely poor shock resistance and vibration performance due to poor toughness of the porous medium material, and has limited long-term service life, and in addition, the overall working stability of the system can be influenced due to overlarge pressure loss.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a flame tube air inlet method of a solid oxide fuel cell system and a combustion chamber thereof, and adopts a multi-point rotational flow diffusion combustion mode to realize stable combustion under all working conditions of an SOFC system and ensure the uniformity of the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber.
The technical scheme for achieving the aim of the invention is as follows: according to the flame tube air inlet method of the solid oxide fuel cell system, anode tail gas of a galvanic pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube in the following mode:
1) Entering the flame tube from side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) Entering the flame tube from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube;
3) Entering the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode;
the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode along the air inlet direction.
Preferably, the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 1) is 40% -90% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas, the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 2) is 5% -30% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas, and the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 1% -30% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas.
Preferably, the swirl number of the anode tail gas entering the flame tube is 0.4-1.2, and the swirl number of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 0.4-1.2.
Preferably, the swirl anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl manner and the swirl cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a manner 3) enter the flame tube through a plurality of air inlet channels, the number of the swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels is the same as that of the swirl cathode tail gas air inlet channels and the number of the swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels are in one-to-one correspondence, one swirl anode tail gas air inlet channel is coaxial with the flame tube, the rest swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line, each swirl cathode tail gas air inlet channel is an annular channel, and the swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels are coaxially positioned at the outer sides of the corresponding swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels.
For example, the swirl anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl manner and the swirl cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a manner 3) enter the flame tube through a double-channel swirler, the double-channel swirler is provided with a central channel and an annular channel, the central channel axially extends and is positioned in the center of the swirler, swirl vanes for forming swirl are arranged in the center, the air outlet end of the annular channel is an annular opening encircling the air outlet end of the central channel, the central channel forms an anode tail gas air inlet channel, the swirl anode tail gas is connected to the air inlet end of the central channel, the swirl is formed in the central channel by virtue of the action of the swirl vanes, the annular channel forms a cathode tail gas air inlet channel, and the swirl cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a manner 3) is connected to the air inlet end of the annular channel.
The annular channel may be coaxially enclosed outside the central channel.
The anode tail gas from the air outlet end of the central channel is swirled, and the cathode tail gas from the air outlet end of the annular channel is driven to form an outer side swirled by the actions of negative pressure, entrainment and the like, so that the anode tail gas is gradually mixed and combusted in the axial flow process.
Preferably, a splash guard with a circular outer edge is coaxially arranged on the side of the end wall of the head in the flame tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head of the flame tube, a flame tube head air inlet channel for cathode tail gas is formed, and the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) enters the rear side of the splash guard in the flame tube through the flame tube head air inlet channel to participate in combustion.
The utility model provides a solid oxide fuel cell system's combustion chamber, includes combustion chamber receiver and flame tube, the flame tube coaxial is located in the combustion chamber receiver, the head end of both is all sealed, the end is all open, the end of flame tube with the end fixed sealing connection of combustion chamber receiver, the head end wall of flame tube with leave the interval between the head end wall of combustion chamber receiver, be equipped with anode exhaust import and cathode exhaust import on the lateral wall of combustion chamber receiver, be equipped with a plurality of lateral wall through-holes on the lateral wall of flame tube, the head end wall of flame tube with be equipped with anode exhaust plenum chamber between the head end wall of combustion chamber receiver, anode exhaust plenum with anode exhaust import intercommunication, anode exhaust plenum with be equipped with the swirler between the flame tube, the swirler is equipped with whirl anode exhaust air inlet channel and whirl cathode exhaust air inlet channel, the whirl cathode exhaust air inlet channel is the annular channel, coaxial is located anode exhaust channel's the outside, anode exhaust air inlet channel intercommunication anode exhaust plenum with the air plenum chamber, the flame tube is equipped with the flame plenum is equipped with the flame tube inside the flame end wall of flame tube.
Preferably, a splash guard with a circular outer edge is coaxially arranged on the end wall side of the head in the flame tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head of the flame tube, a flame tube head air inlet channel for forming cathode tail gas is formed, a cyclone inserting hole is formed in the splash guard, and the air outlet end of the cyclone is inserted into the cyclone inserting hole and is in sealing connection with the cyclone inserting hole.
Preferably, the number of the cyclones is a plurality, wherein one cyclone is coaxial with the flame tube, and the rest cyclones are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line.
Preferably, the cyclone comprises an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder body, the outer cylinder body is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder body, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder body is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder body, an annular space between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body forms a cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder body forms a cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, cyclone components are arranged in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the air inlet end of the inner cylinder body is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collecting chamber, and a space is reserved between the air inlet end of the outer cylinder body and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collecting chamber.
Preferably, the cyclone components in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel are cyclone blades, the number of the cyclone blades is multiple, cyclone blade mounting shafts are coaxially arranged in the inner cylinder body, the cyclone blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edges of the cyclone blades are fixedly connected with the cyclone blade mounting shafts, and the outer edges of the cyclone blades are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder body.
Preferably, the cyclone component in the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel is a plurality of cyclone blades, the plurality of cyclone blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder body, and the outer edge of each cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder body.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the air outlet end of the inner cylinder body is gradually reduced, the outer cylinder body sequentially comprises an inner diameter equal-diameter section, an inner diameter gradually reduced section and an inner diameter gradually expanded section from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and the outer diameter gradually reduced section of the inner cylinder body is positioned in the inner diameter gradually reduced section of the outer cylinder body.
Preferably, the side wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of side wall through holes is multiple, the plurality of groups of side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, and the plurality of side wall through holes of each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side wall through holes.
Further, the number of the side wall through holes of each group is the same, the side wall through holes of each group are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the corresponding side wall through holes in each group are arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube.
Further, the aperture of the side wall through hole is 4-30mm.
Preferably, the end wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of end wall through holes is a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of end wall through holes are uniformly distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube along different circumferences taking the center of the head end wall as the center of the circle.
Further, the distribution density of the end wall through holes of the two groups of end wall through holes distributed along the radius minimum circumference and the radius maximum circumference is larger than the distribution density of the end wall through holes distributed along the other radius circumferences.
Further, the aperture of the end wall through hole is 0.5-4mm.
Preferably, the combustion chamber casing is cylindrical, and comprises a constant diameter section and a reducing section with reduced inner diameter from the head end to the tail end, wherein the inner diameter of the tail end of the reducing section is the same as that of the tail end of the flame tube, and the tail end of the reducing section is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the flame tube.
Preferably, an igniter (usually an ignition rod) of the combustion chamber horizontally extends into the flame tube from the outer side of the head end of the combustion chamber casing, the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collecting chamber, the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash guard are all provided with igniter holes for the igniter to pass through, a horizontal igniter sleeve is arranged in the anode tail gas collecting chamber to form an igniter channel, and two ends of the igniter sleeve are respectively communicated with the igniter holes on the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collecting chamber in a sealing manner.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the invention, a swirl diffusion combustion mode is adopted, after an igniter works, swirl cathode tail gas is formed at the downstream of each swirler in the flame tube to wrap diffusion combustion flame of swirl anode tail gas, under the working condition of larger residual gas coefficient, each flame is relatively independent, as a part of cathode tail gas enters the flame tube from a flame tube head air inlet channel formed between the splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube, residual gas coefficients at the downstream of each swirler uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line are higher, swirl flame formed at the downstream of each swirler is weaker than swirl flame formed at the downstream of a swirler coaxial with the flame tube, a combustion situation with the center as a core is formed, combustion is carried out with the periphery as a booster combustion, the combustion stability can be effectively improved, the volume of a combustion chamber is reduced, and the residual gas coefficient at the downstream of the swirler is close to 1, and the combustion of ultralow fuel calorific value is realized; under the working condition of smaller residual gas coefficient, the combustion is severe, flame diffusion is carried out, flames at the downstream of each cyclone (refer to all cyclones) can be connected together to form an integral combustion situation, and the disadvantage of high Wen Xiang center concentration caused by fuel cyclone can be effectively counteracted due to multi-point injection of fuel (refer to cyclone anode tail gas and cyclone cathode tail gas), so that the uniformity of the temperature distribution at the outlet of a combustion chamber is improved and improved;
2) According to the invention, cathode tail gas entering the flame tube from the end wall through hole of the flame tube is impacted on the splash guard after entering the flame tube, and a flame tube head air inlet channel formed between the splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube enters the rear side of the splash guard in the flame tube, so that air film cooling, divergent cooling or compound cooling can be formed on the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash guard, thereby cooling and thermal protection effects are realized on the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash guard, and the service life of the flame tube is prolonged;
3) The outlet end side of the cyclone adopts the arc throat molded surface design, so that swirl flame at the outlet end of the cyclone can be effectively prevented from flowing back into the cyclone, and the cyclone is prevented from being burnt or burned;
4) The invention realizes stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, variable residual gas coefficient and extremely low combustion heat value by adopting the means of swirl flame stabilization, multi-point flame arrangement, anode tail gas collection and distribution, circumferential distribution of side wall through holes on the side wall of the flame tube, arrangement of a flame tube head air inlet channel between a splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube and the like, solves the technical problems of unstable combustion, uneven outlet temperature distribution and the like of the combustion chamber of a solid oxide fuel cell system caused by fuel characteristics (complex component change, wide residual gas coefficient change, extremely low heat value and the like) and can realize stable combustion of ultralow heat value fuel with the heat value of 1400kJ/kg, and the outlet temperature distribution of the combustion chamber is even;
5) The combustion chamber has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, stable combustion of ultralow heat value fuel, low pollution discharge, uniform outlet temperature distribution, long service life and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustion chamber of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flame tube of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the end wall of the head of the flame tube of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembled structure of the anode exhaust plenum and cyclone of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cyclone of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a flame tube air inlet method of a solid oxide fuel cell system (SOFC system), wherein anode tail gas of a galvanic pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube in the following mode:
1) Entering the flame tube from side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) Entering the flame tube from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube;
and
3) And entering the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode.
The cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode along the air inlet direction.
The sidewall through holes distributed on the sidewall of the flame tube are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of the sidewall through holes in each group is multiple, the sidewall through holes in the plurality of groups are distributed on the sidewall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, and the sidewall through holes in each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the sidewall through holes. The number of the side wall through holes in each group is preferably the same, and the side wall through holes in each group are distributed in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the corresponding side wall through holes in each group are arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube. The aperture of the sidewall through-hole is preferably 4-30mm.
The end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of the end wall through holes of each group is a plurality of groups, and the end wall through holes of the plurality of groups are uniformly distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube along different circumferences taking the circle center of the end wall of the head as the circle center. The distribution density of the end wall through holes of the two groups of end wall through holes distributed along the radius minimum circumference and the radius maximum circumference is larger than that of the end wall through holes distributed along the other radius circumferences. The aperture of the end wall through-holes is preferably 0.5-4mm.
The anode tail gas and the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode (in a mode 3) are preferably injected into the flame tube by a cyclone.
The cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 1) is preferably 40% -90% of the total cathode tail gas amount; the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 2) is preferably 5% -30% of the total cathode tail gas amount; the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 1% -30% of the total cathode tail gas amount.
The swirl number of the anode tail gas entering the flame tube is preferably 0.4-1.2, and the swirl number of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is preferably 0.4-1.2.
The swirl anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl manner and the swirl cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a manner 3) preferably enter the flame tube through a plurality of air inlet channels (i.e. a plurality of swirlers), wherein the number of the swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels is the same as that of the swirl cathode tail gas air inlet channels and the number of the swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels are in one-to-one correspondence, one swirl anode tail gas air inlet channel is coaxial with the flame tube, the rest swirl anode tail gas air inlet channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line, each swirl cathode tail gas air inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially positioned at the outer side of the corresponding swirl anode tail gas air inlet channel, so that cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl manner wraps anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl manner along the air inlet direction.
The inner diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a gap is reserved between the splash guard and the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, the head of the flame tube and the end wall of the head of the flame tube form a cathode tail gas inlet channel, the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) is impacted on the splash guard after entering the flame tube, the rear side of the splash guard entering the flame tube from the head inlet channel of the flame tube participates in combustion, and air film cooling, divergent cooling or compound cooling can be formed for the end wall of the head of the flame tube and the splash guard, so that the end wall of the head of the flame tube and the splash guard are cooled and thermally protected, and the service life of the flame tube is prolonged.
After the igniter works, a diffusion combustion flame of which the cyclone anode tail gas is wrapped by the cyclone cathode tail gas is formed at the downstream of each cyclone in the flame tube, and under the working condition of larger residual air coefficient, all the flames are relatively independent, and as a part of cathode tail gas enters the flame tube from a flame tube head air inlet channel formed between a splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube, residual air coefficients at the downstream of each cyclone uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line are higher, compared with the cyclone flame formed at the downstream of the cyclone coaxial with the flame tube, the cyclone flame formed at the downstream of the cyclone is weaker, a combustion situation with the center as a core is formed, the combustion situation with the periphery as a booster combustion is effectively improved, the combustion stability is reduced, the volume of a combustion chamber is reduced, and the residual air coefficient at the downstream of the cyclone is close to 1, and the combustion of ultralow heat value fuel is realized; under the working condition of smaller residual gas coefficient, the combustion is severe, flame diffusion is carried out, flames at the downstream of each cyclone (refer to all cyclones) can be connected together to form an integral combustion situation, and the disadvantage of high Wen Xiang center concentration caused by fuel cyclone can be effectively counteracted due to multi-point injection of fuel (refer to cyclone anode tail gas and cyclone cathode tail gas), so that the uniformity of the temperature distribution at the outlet of the combustion chamber is improved and improved.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the invention also discloses a combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system adopting the flame tube air inlet method of the solid oxide fuel cell system, and the combustion chamber adopts a swirl diffusion combustion mode and can be suitable for the solid oxide fuel cell system of 1kW-200 kW. The combustion chamber comprises a combustion chamber casing 1 and a flame tube 2, the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube are both cylindrical, the flame tube is coaxially arranged in the combustion chamber casing, the head ends of the flame tube and the flame tube are all closed, the tail ends of the flame tube and the flame tube are all open, the tail ends of the flame tube and the flame tube are fixedly and hermetically connected, a space is reserved between the head end wall 3 of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, an anode tail gas inlet 4 and a cathode tail gas inlet 5 are arranged on the side wall of the combustion chamber casing, anode tail gas and cathode tail gas for an electric pile enter the combustion chamber, a plurality of side wall through holes (or doping holes) 6 are formed in the side wall of the flame tube, an anode tail gas collecting chamber 7 is arranged between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, an anode tail gas collecting chamber is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet, a cyclone 8 is arranged between the anode tail gas collecting chamber and the flame tube, a cyclone anode tail gas inlet 9 and a cyclone tail gas inlet 10 are arranged between the anode tail gas inlet 10, the cyclone tail gas inlet is coaxially arranged on the side wall of the combustion chamber and the side wall of the combustion chamber, and the anode tail gas inlet is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet 11 through the side wall of the swirl chamber, and the anode tail gas inlet is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet 11 through the swirl inlet, and the swirl tail gas inlet is formed by the swirl chamber.
All anode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the cyclone through the anode tail gas inlet through the anode tail gas collecting chamber, and under the cyclone action of the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, airflow with cyclone strength is formed to be sprayed into the flame tube. Cathode tail gas of the electric pile enters the combustion chamber casing through the cathode tail gas inlet, then enters the flame tube in three modes, wherein the first mode is that the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the side wall through hole, the second mode is that the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the end wall through hole, the third mode is that the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the cyclone, and the cathode tail gas with cyclone strength is formed to be sprayed into the flame tube under the action of the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel. Therefore, when the combustion chamber works, all anode tail gas (rotational flow anode tail gas) is wrapped by rotational flow cathode tail gas, multi-point rotational flow diffusion flame is formed in the flame tube, and the rest cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the end wall through hole and the side wall through hole, so that the zoned mixed combustion is realized.
The inner diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head of the flame tube, a flame tube head air inlet channel for forming cathode tail gas is formed, a cyclone positioning hole 13 is formed in the end wall of the head of the flame tube and used for inserting and positioning the cyclone, the aperture of the cyclone positioning hole is matched with the outer diameter of the cyclone, during assembly, the cyclone is directly inserted into the cyclone positioning hole to realize sealing installation and fixation, a cyclone inserting hole is formed in the splash guard and used for inserting the cyclone, and an air outlet end of the cyclone is inserted into the cyclone inserting hole and is in sealing connection.
The number of the swirlers is preferably a plurality (for example, 5), wherein one swirler is coaxial with the flame tube, and the rest swirlers are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line so as to realize swirling flame stabilization and multi-point flame arrangement when the combustion chamber works. And after entering the anode tail gas collecting chamber, the anode tail gas is uniformly distributed in a pressure equalizing way, and is sprayed into the combustion chamber from the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channels of the cyclones in a dividing and multiplexing way.
The cyclone preferably comprises an inner cylinder 14 and an outer cylinder 15, wherein the outer cylinder is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder, an annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms a cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder forms a cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, cyclone components are arranged in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel and are used for forming cyclone airflow in corresponding channels, the air inlet end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of an anode tail gas collecting chamber, and a space is reserved between the air inlet end of the outer cylinder and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collecting chamber and is used for cathode tail gas inlet.
The cyclone components in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel are preferably cyclone blades (or anode tail gas cyclone blades), the number of the anode tail gas cyclone blades is multiple, cyclone blade mounting shafts are coaxially arranged in the inner cylinder body, the anode tail gas cyclone blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each anode tail gas cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the cyclone blade mounting shafts, and the outer edge of each cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder body.
The anode exhaust gas swirling vanes are usually plate-shaped vanes, the axial deflection angle of the anode exhaust gas swirling vanes is preferably 20-70 degrees, namely, the included angle between the plate surface of the anode exhaust gas swirling vanes and the axial plane where the end of the plate surface of the anode exhaust gas swirling vanes facing the air inlet side is located (the plane formed or determined by the end of the anode exhaust gas swirling vanes facing the air inlet side and the straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube) is preferably 20-70 degrees, and the number of the anode exhaust gas swirling vanes is preferably 6-18, so that anode exhaust gas swirling flow with the swirl number of 0.4-1.2 is formed through the swirling anode exhaust gas air inlet channel.
The cyclone components in the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel are preferably cyclone blades (or cathode tail gas cyclone blades), the number of the cathode tail gas cyclone blades is a plurality of, the cathode tail gas cyclone blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each cathode tail gas cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder body, and the outer edge of each cathode tail gas cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder body.
The cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes are usually plate-shaped vanes, the axial deflection angle of the cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes is preferably 20-70 degrees, namely, the included angle between the plate surface of the cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes and the axial plane where the end of the plate surface of the cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes facing the air inlet side is located (the plane formed or determined by the end of the cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes facing the air inlet side and the straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube) is preferably 20-70 degrees, and the number of the cathode exhaust gas swirling vanes is preferably 8-24, so that cathode exhaust gas swirling flow with the swirl number of 0.4-1.2 is formed through the swirling cathode exhaust gas air inlet channel.
The outer diameter of the air outlet end of the inner cylinder body is preferably gradually reduced, the outer cylinder body preferably sequentially comprises an inner diameter constant diameter section, an inner diameter gradually reduced section and an inner diameter gradually expanded section from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and the outer diameter gradually reduced section of the inner cylinder body is positioned in the inner diameter gradually reduced section of the outer cylinder body, so that an arc throat molded surface is formed at the side of the outlet end of the cyclone, the cyclone can be effectively prevented from being burnt or burnt when the combustion chamber works, and swirl flame at the outlet end of the cyclone flows back to the inside of the cyclone. The outlet end of the inner cylinder body is preferably designed to be a plane acute angle, so that vortex structures are prevented from being formed, and the cyclone is prevented from being burnt due to the phenomenon of fire hanging.
The side wall through holes are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of side wall through holes is multiple, the plurality of groups of side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, preferably mainly distributed in the middle of the side wall of the flame tube, and the plurality of side wall through holes of each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the side wall through holes. The number of the side wall through holes of each group is preferably the same, and the side wall through holes of each group are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the corresponding side wall through holes in each group are preferably arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube. The aperture of the sidewall through-hole is preferably 4-30mm.
The end wall through holes are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, and the number of each group of end wall through holes is a plurality of groups, and the end wall through holes of the plurality of groups are uniformly distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube along different circumferences taking the circle center of the end wall of the head as the circle center. The end wall through hole distribution density of the two sets of end wall through holes distributed along the radius minimum circumference and the radius maximum circumference in each set of end wall through holes is preferably greater than the end wall through hole distribution density of the end wall through hole sets distributed along the other radius circumferences. The aperture of the end wall through hole is preferably 0.5-4mm.
The arrangement of the cathode tail gas inlet mode and the specific air inlet structure of the combustion chamber enables most of cathode tail gas of a galvanic pile to enter the flame tube from the side wall through holes, the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube from the side wall through holes is usually 40% -90% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube from the end wall through holes is usually 5% -30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, and the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube through a cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel of the cyclone is usually 1% -30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas.
The combustion chamber casing preferably comprises a constant diameter section and a reducing section with reduced inner diameter from the head end to the tail end, the inner diameter of the tail end of the reducing section is the same as that of the tail end of the flame tube, and the tail end of the reducing section is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the flame tube. The anode tail gas inlet and the cathode tail gas inlet are preferably arranged on the constant diameter section. The outer diameter of the combustion chamber casing is preferably 30-600mm.
The igniter (usually an ignition rod) 16 of the combustion chamber horizontally extends into the flame tube from the outer side of the head end of the combustion chamber casing, the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collecting chamber, the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash guard are all provided with igniter holes 17 for the igniter to pass through, a horizontal igniter sleeve is arranged in the anode tail gas collecting chamber to form an igniter channel 18, and two ends of the igniter sleeve are respectively communicated with the igniter holes on the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collecting chamber in a sealing manner.
The preferred and optional technical means disclosed in the invention may be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes, except for the specific description and the further limitation that one preferred or optional technical means is another technical means.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a combustion chamber of solid oxide fuel cell system, includes combustion chamber receiver and flame tube, the flame tube coaxial is located in the combustion chamber receiver, the head end of both is all sealed, the end all opens, its characterized in that the end of flame tube with the end fixed sealing connection of combustion chamber receiver, the head end wall of flame tube with leave the interval between the head end wall of combustion chamber receiver, be equipped with anode exhaust import and cathode exhaust import on the lateral wall of combustion chamber receiver, be equipped with a plurality of lateral wall through-holes on the lateral wall of flame tube, the head end wall of flame tube with be equipped with anode exhaust plenum chamber between the head end wall of combustion chamber receiver, anode exhaust plenum with anode exhaust import intercommunication, anode exhaust plenum with be equipped with the cyclone between the flame tube, cyclone is equipped with cyclone anode exhaust air inlet channel and tail gas cathode exhaust air inlet channel, cyclone cathode exhaust air inlet channel is the annular channel, coaxial is located the outside of cyclone anode exhaust air inlet channel, cyclone anode air inlet channel intercommunication anode plenum chamber with the flame tube is equipped with the swirl number of flame tube 1-cathode exhaust air inlet channel is 2, and the swirl flow diameter of flame tube is 2.1-cathode exhaust air inlet channel, the swirl flow of flame tube is the swirl.
2. The combustion chamber of a solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a splash guard with a circular outer edge is coaxially arranged on the side of the end wall of the head in the flame tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head of the flame tube, a flame tube head air inlet channel for forming cathode tail gas is formed, a cyclone insertion hole is formed in the splash guard, and the air outlet end of the cyclone is inserted into the cyclone insertion hole and is in sealing connection with the cyclone insertion hole.
3. The combustion chamber of claim 2 wherein the number of cyclones is a plurality, wherein one of said cyclones is coaxial with said flame tube and the remaining cyclones are uniformly distributed along the same circumference about the axis of said flame tube.
4. A combustion chamber of a solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cyclone comprises an inner cylinder body and an outer cylinder body, the outer cylinder body is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder body, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder body is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder body, an annular space between the inner cylinder body and the outer cylinder body forms the cyclone cathode exhaust gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder body forms the cyclone anode exhaust gas inlet channel, cyclone components are arranged in the cyclone anode exhaust gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode exhaust gas inlet channel, the air inlet end of the inner cylinder body is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode exhaust gas collecting chamber, and a space is reserved between the air inlet end of the outer cylinder body and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode exhaust gas collecting chamber.
5. The combustion chamber of a solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the sidewall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, each group having a plurality of sidewall through holes, the plurality of groups of sidewall through holes being distributed along radially different circumferences on the sidewall of the flame tube, the plurality of sidewall through holes of each group being uniformly distributed along the circumference thereof.
6. The combustion chamber of a solid oxide fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the end wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, each group having a plurality of end wall through holes, the plurality of groups of end wall through holes being evenly distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube along different circumferences centered on the center of the head end wall.
7. A method for feeding air into a flame tube of a solid oxide fuel cell system by adopting a combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 1, wherein anode tail gas of a galvanic pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube in the following mode:
1) Entering the flame tube from side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) Entering the flame tube from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tube;
3) Entering the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode;
the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a cyclone mode along the air inlet direction.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 1) is 40% -90% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas, the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 2) is 5% -30% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas, and the cathode exhaust gas amount entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 1% -30% of the total amount of the cathode exhaust gas.
9. The method for feeding a flame tube into a solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein the swirling anode tail gas fed into the flame tube in a swirling manner and the swirling cathode tail gas fed into the flame tube in a manner 3) are fed into the flame tube through a plurality of air feeding channels, the number of the swirling anode tail gas feeding channels is the same as that of the swirling cathode tail gas feeding channels and corresponds to one, one swirling anode tail gas feeding channel is coaxial with the flame tube, the rest of swirling anode tail gas feeding channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line, and each swirling cathode tail gas feeding channel is an annular channel and is coaxially positioned outside the corresponding swirling anode tail gas feeding channel.
10. The method for feeding a burner tube of a solid oxide fuel cell system according to claim 7, wherein a splash guard having a circular outer edge is coaxially provided on the side of the end wall of the head portion in the burner tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head portion of the burner tube, a space is left between the splash guard and the end wall of the head portion of the burner tube, a burner tube head air inlet passage for cathode exhaust is formed, and the cathode exhaust entering the burner tube in the mode 2) enters the rear side of the splash guard in the burner tube through the burner tube head air inlet passage to participate in combustion.
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| CN115020761B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-02-23 | 上海齐耀动力技术有限公司 | Tail gas burner for solid oxide fuel cell and control method thereof |
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