CN114188578A - Method for feeding gas into flame tube of solid oxide fuel cell system and combustion chamber thereof - Google Patents
Method for feeding gas into flame tube of solid oxide fuel cell system and combustion chamber thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114188578A CN114188578A CN202111522879.2A CN202111522879A CN114188578A CN 114188578 A CN114188578 A CN 114188578A CN 202111522879 A CN202111522879 A CN 202111522879A CN 114188578 A CN114188578 A CN 114188578A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
- F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/84—Flame spreading or otherwise shaping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for feeding gas into a flame tube of a solid oxide fuel cell system, wherein anode tail gas of an electric pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the electric pile enters the flame tube in the following modes: 1) the flame tube enters the flame tube from the side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube; 2) the flame tube enters from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head part of the flame tube; 3) and cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode is wrapped in anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode along the air inlet direction. The invention also relates to a combustion chamber using the above method. The invention realizes the stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, variable residual gas coefficient and extremely low combustion heat value by adopting the measures of swirl flame stabilization, multi-point arrangement of flames, gas collection and distribution of anode tail gas, unique distribution modes of the side wall through holes and the end wall through holes and the like, and the temperature distribution of the outlet of the combustion chamber is uniform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for air intake of a flame tube of a solid oxide fuel cell system and a combustion chamber thereof, belonging to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells.
Background
A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) belongs to the third-generation Fuel Cell, is an all-Solid-state chemical power generation device which directly converts chemical energy stored in Fuel and oxidant into electric energy at medium and high temperature with high efficiency and environmental friendliness, and is one of several Fuel cells with the highest theoretical energy density. The SOFC has the advantages of wide fuel adaptability, high energy conversion efficiency, near zero pollution and the like. The power conversion efficiency can reach more than 65%, and the power conversion device is used as a fixed power station in civil fields such as large-scale centralized power supply, medium-scale power distribution, small-scale household combined heat and power supply and the like, and has wide application prospect as a power supply for ships, a power supply for traffic vehicles and the like.
The combustion chamber is used as a core component of the SOFC system heat balance, plays a role of heating the whole system in the system starting stage, so that the galvanic pile meets the requirements of the power generation working condition, and burns out the residual fuel of the tail gas of the galvanic pile in the system stable power generation stage to play a role of maintaining the high-temperature operation of the system. The SOFC system has variable gas components in the temperature rise stage, the gas components from the initial hydrocarbon gas fuel to the subsequent steam are introduced, the fuel components generate hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like along with the progress of the reforming reaction, carbon dioxide and steam can also simultaneously occur, and different temperature rise stages have different residual gas coefficients; in the power generation operation stage of the system, because the gas components entering the combustion chamber are the tail gas which is not fully reacted in the galvanic pile, the heat value of the anode gas is very low, and the oxygen component in the cathode gas is also low, so how to realize the stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, variable residual gas coefficient and extremely low fuel heat value is a main difficulty of the structural design of the SOFC combustion chamber. Because the fuel calorific value is extremely low under the power generation working condition, and the flow of fuel and air fluctuates under each working condition, the combustion stability is a problem which is difficult to solve all the time. At present, most of combustion organization modes used by an SOFC system are catalytic combustion or porous medium premixed combustion modes, expensive catalysts are needed for catalytic combustion, and the service life is limited; at present, due to the poor toughness of a porous medium material, the porous medium premixed combustion has extremely poor shock and vibration resistance, the long-term service life is limited, and in addition, the overall working stability of a system is influenced due to excessive pressure loss.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the flame tube air inlet method of the solid oxide fuel cell system and the combustion chamber thereof, and the multipoint rotational flow diffusion combustion mode is adopted, so that the stable combustion of the SOFC system under all working conditions is realized, and the uniformity of the outlet temperature of the combustion chamber is ensured.
The technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows: the method for feeding gas into the flame tube of the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises the following steps that anode tail gas of an electric pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the electric pile enters the flame tube in the following mode:
1) the flame tube enters the flame tube from the side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) the flame tube enters from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head part of the flame tube;
3) entering the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode;
the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode along the air inlet direction.
Preferably, the amount of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 1) is 40-90% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, the amount of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) is 5-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, and the amount of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 1-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas.
Preferably, the swirl number of the anode tail gas entering the flame tube is 0.4-1.2, and the swirl number of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is 0.4-1.2.
Preferably, the swirl anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl mode and the swirl cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirl mode 3) enter the flame tube through a plurality of gas inlet channels, the swirl anode tail gas inlet channels are the same in number and are in one-to-one correspondence with the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channels, one swirl anode tail gas inlet channel is coaxial with the flame tube, the rest swirl anode tail gas inlet channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as the central line, and each swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located on the outer side of the corresponding swirl anode tail gas inlet channel.
For example, the swirling anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirling mode and the swirling cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a swirling mode 3) enter the flame tube through the double-channel swirler, the double-channel swirler is provided with a central channel and an annular channel, the central channel extends axially, is positioned in the center of the swirler and is internally provided with swirl vanes for forming swirl, the gas outlet end of the annular channel is an annular opening surrounding the gas outlet end of the central channel, the central channel of the central channel forms an anode tail gas inlet channel, the tail gas of the rotational flow anode is connected to the air inlet end of the central channel and is acted by the rotational flow blade, and (3) forming rotational flow in the central channel, wherein the annular channel forms a cathode tail gas inlet channel, and rotational flow cathode tail gas entering the flame tube is connected to the gas inlet end of the annular channel in a mode 3).
The annular channel may coaxially surround the outside of the central channel.
The anode tail gas from the air outlet end of the central channel is swirled, and the cathode tail gas from the air outlet end of the annular channel is driven to form an outer side swirl by the action of negative pressure, entrainment and the like, and is gradually mixed and combusted in the axial flow process.
Preferably, a splash guard with a circular outer edge is coaxially arranged on the side of the end wall of the head part in the flame tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head part of the flame tube, and a distance is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head part of the flame tube to form a flame tube head air inlet channel for cathode tail gas, and the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) enters the rear side of the splash guard in the flame tube through the flame tube head air inlet channel to participate in combustion.
The combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises a combustion chamber casing and a flame tube, wherein the flame tube is coaxially positioned in the combustion chamber casing, the head ends of the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube are closed, the tail ends of the flame tube and the tail end of the combustion chamber casing are open, the tail end of the flame tube is fixedly and hermetically connected, a gap is reserved between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the side wall of the combustion chamber casing is provided with an anode tail gas inlet and a cathode tail gas inlet, the side wall of the flame tube is provided with a plurality of side wall through holes, an anode tail gas collection chamber is arranged between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the anode tail gas collection chamber is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet, a swirler is arranged between the anode tail gas collection chamber and the flame tube, and is provided with a swirl anode tail gas inlet channel and a swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located outside the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel, the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the anode tail gas collection chamber and the flame tube, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the inner space of the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube, and end wall through holes are densely distributed in the end wall of the head of the flame tube.
Preferably, a splash guard with a circular outer edge is coaxially arranged on the side of the end wall of the head part in the flame tube, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head part of the flame tube, a distance is reserved between the splash guard and the end wall of the head part of the flame tube to form a gas inlet channel of the head part of the flame tube for cathode tail gas, a swirler insertion hole is formed in the splash guard, and a gas outlet end of the swirler is inserted into the swirler insertion hole and is in sealing connection with the swirler insertion hole.
Preferably, the number of the swirlers is multiple, wherein one swirler is coaxial with the flame tube, and the rest swirlers are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a center line.
Preferably, the cyclone comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder, an annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder forms the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, cyclone assemblies are arranged in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the air inlet end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collection chamber, and a gap is reserved between the air inlet end of the outer cylinder and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collection chamber.
Preferably, the swirl component in the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel is a plurality of swirl blades, a swirl blade mounting shaft is coaxially arranged in the inner cylinder, the plurality of swirl blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each swirl blade is fixedly connected with the swirl blade mounting shaft, and the outer edge of each swirl blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder.
Preferably, the swirl component in the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is a plurality of swirl blades, the swirl blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each swirl blade is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the outer edge of each swirl blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder.
Preferably, the outer cylinder body is gradually reduced in the outer diameter of the air outlet end of the inner cylinder body, the outer cylinder body sequentially comprises an inner diameter equal-diameter section, an inner diameter gradually-reduced section and an inner diameter gradually-expanded section from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, and the outer diameter gradually-reduced section of the inner cylinder body is located in the inner diameter gradually-reduced section of the outer cylinder body.
Preferably, the side wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of side wall through holes is multiple, the plurality of groups of side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, and the plurality of side wall through holes of each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference where the side wall through holes are located.
Furthermore, the number of the side wall through holes of each group is the same, the side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the corresponding side wall through holes in the side wall through holes of each group are arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube.
Furthermore, the aperture of the side wall through hole is 4-30 mm.
Preferably, the end wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of end wall through holes is multiple, and the plurality of groups of end wall through holes are uniformly distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube along different circumferences with the circle center of the head end wall as the circle center.
Furthermore, the distribution density of the end wall through holes of two groups of end wall through holes distributed along the circumference with the smallest radius and the circumference with the largest radius in each group of end wall through holes is greater than that of the end wall through holes of the end wall through hole groups distributed along the circumferences with other radii.
Furthermore, the aperture of the end wall through hole is 0.5-4 mm.
Preferably, the combustor casing is cylindrical and comprises an equal-diameter section and a variable-diameter section with a reduced inner diameter from the head end to the tail end, the inner diameter of the tail end of the variable-diameter section is the same as that of the tail end of the flame tube, and the tail end of the variable-diameter section is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the flame tube.
Preferably, an igniter (usually an ignition rod) of the combustion chamber horizontally extends into the flame tube from the outer side of the head end of the combustion chamber casing, igniter holes through which the igniter can pass are formed in the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collection chamber, the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash plate, a horizontal igniter sleeve is arranged in the anode tail gas collection chamber to form an igniter channel, and two ends of the igniter sleeve are respectively in sealed communication with the igniter holes in the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collection chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention adopts a rotational flow diffusion combustion mode, after the igniter works, the downstream of each swirler in the flame tube forms a diffusion combustion flame of rotational flow cathode tail gas wrapping rotational flow anode tail gas, under the working condition of larger residual gas coefficient, each flame is relatively independent, because a part of cathode tail gas enters the flame tube from a flame tube head air inlet channel formed between the splash shield and the head end wall of the flame tube, the residual gas coefficient of the downstream of each swirler uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as the central line can be higher, the rotational flow flame formed at the downstream of the swirlers can be weaker than the rotational flow flame formed at the downstream of the swirler coaxial with the flame tube, a combustion situation that the center is used as the core and the periphery is used as the boosting combustion is formed, the combustion stability can be effectively improved, the volume of a combustion chamber is reduced, and the residual gas coefficient at the downstream of the swirler is close to 1, the combustion of the fuel with ultra-low heat value is realized; under the working condition of small residual gas coefficient, the combustion is violent, the flame is diffused, the flames at the downstream of all the cyclones (which refer to all the cyclones) are connected together to form an integral combustion situation, and because the fuels (which refer to swirl anode tail gas and swirl cathode tail gas) are injected at multiple points, the disadvantage that the high temperature is concentrated to the center caused by the swirl of the fuels can be effectively counteracted, and the uniformity of the temperature distribution at the outlet of the combustion chamber is improved;
2) according to the invention, the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube from the end wall through hole of the flame tube impacts the splash shield after entering the flame tube, and enters the rear side of the splash shield in the flame tube from the flame tube head air inlet channel formed between the splash shield and the head end wall of the flame tube, so that air film cooling, diffusion cooling or composite cooling can be formed on the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash shield, thus the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash shield have cooling and thermal protection effects, and the service life of the flame tube is prolonged;
3) the outlet end side of the swirler adopts the arc throat profile design, so that the swirling flame at the outlet end of the swirler can be effectively prevented from flowing back to the interior of the swirler, and the swirler is prevented from being burnt or burned;
4) the stable combustion of the combustion chamber under the conditions of complex gas component change, variable residual gas coefficient and extremely low combustion heat value is realized by adopting the measures of swirl flame stabilization, multi-point flame arrangement, anode tail gas collection and distribution, circumferential distribution of side wall through holes on the side wall of the flame tube, arrangement of a flame tube head gas inlet channel between a splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube and the like, the technical problems of unstable combustion, uneven outlet temperature distribution and the like of the combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system due to fuel characteristics (complex component change, wide residual gas coefficient change, extremely low heat value and the like) are solved, the stable combustion of the ultralow heat value fuel with the heat value of 1400kJ/kg can be realized, and the outlet temperature distribution of the combustion chamber is uniform;
5) the combustion chamber has the advantages of compact structure, low cost, stable combustion of ultralow heat value fuel, low pollution discharge, uniform outlet temperature distribution, long service life and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a combustor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the flame tube of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the head end wall of the flame tube of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the anode tail gas collection chamber and the cyclone of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a cyclone of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method for feeding gas into a flame tube of a solid oxide fuel cell system (SOFC system), wherein anode tail gas of an electric pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the electric pile enters the flame tube in the following modes:
1) the flame tube enters the flame tube from the side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) the flame tube enters from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head part of the flame tube;
and
3) and the flame tube enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode.
The cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode along the air inlet direction.
The side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of the side wall through holes in each group is multiple, the side wall through holes in the groups are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, and the side wall through holes in each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference where the side wall through holes are located. The number of the side wall through holes of each group is preferably the same, and the side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the corresponding side wall through holes in the side wall through holes of each group are arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube. The aperture of the side wall through hole is preferably 4-30 mm.
The end wall through holes distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of end wall through holes is multiple, and the end wall through holes of the plurality of groups are uniformly distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube along different circumferences with the circle center of the head end wall as the circle center. The distribution density of the end wall through holes of two end wall through holes distributed along the circumference with the smallest radius and the circumference with the largest radius in each end wall through hole group is greater than that of the end wall through holes of the end wall through hole groups distributed along the circumferences with other radii. The aperture of the end wall through hole is preferably 0.5-4 mm.
Anode tail gas and cathode tail gas (in mode 3) entering the flame tube in a swirling mode are preferably sprayed into the flame tube by a swirler.
Adopting the method 1), the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube is preferably 40-90% of the total cathode tail gas; the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) preferably accounts for 5-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas; the method 3) is adopted, and the amount of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube is 1-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas.
The swirl number of the anode tail gas entering the flame tube is preferably 0.4-1.2, and the swirl number of the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 3) is preferably 0.4-1.2.
The anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas enter the flame tube in a swirling mode in a manner of 3), preferably, the anode exhaust gas and the cathode exhaust gas enter the flame tube through a plurality of gas inlet channels (namely a plurality of swirlers), the anode exhaust gas inlet channels and the cathode exhaust gas inlet channels are the same in number and are in one-to-one correspondence, one anode exhaust gas inlet channel is coaxial with the flame tube, the rest anode exhaust gas inlet channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as the central line, each cathode exhaust gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located at the outer side of the corresponding anode exhaust gas inlet channel, and therefore the cathode exhaust gas entering the flame tube in a swirling mode is wrapped in the anode exhaust gas entering the flame tube in a swirling mode along the gas inlet direction.
The head end wall side in the flame tube is preferably coaxially provided with a splash guard with a circular outer edge, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash guard and the head end wall of the flame tube to form a flame tube head air inlet channel of cathode tail gas, the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in the mode 2) impacts the splash guard after entering the flame tube, the rear side of the splash guard entering the flame tube from the flame tube head air inlet channel participates in combustion, and gas film cooling, diffusion cooling or composite cooling can be formed on the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash guard, so that the head end wall and the splash guard of the flame tube are cooled and thermally protected, and the service life of the flame tube is prolonged.
Anode tail gas and cathode tail gas entering the flame tube adopt a rotational flow diffusion combustion mode, after the igniter works, diffusion combustion flame of rotational flow cathode tail gas wrapping rotational flow anode tail gas is formed at the downstream of each swirler in the flame tube, under the working condition of large residual gas coefficient, each flame is relatively independent, as a part of cathode tail gas enters the flame tube from a flame tube head air inlet channel formed between a splash shield and the head end wall of the flame tube, the residual gas coefficient of the downstream of each swirler uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line can be higher, the rotational flow flame formed at the downstream of the swirlers is weaker than the rotational flow flame formed at the downstream of the swirler coaxial with the flame tube, a combustion situation of taking the center as a core and taking the periphery as boosting combustion is formed, the combustion stability can be effectively improved, and the volume of a combustion chamber is reduced, and the residual gas coefficient at the downstream of the swirler is close to 1, so that the combustion of the fuel with ultra-low heat value is realized; under the working condition of small residual gas coefficient, the combustion is violent, the flame is diffused, the flames at the downstream of all the cyclones (which refer to all the cyclones) are connected together to form an integral combustion situation, and because the fuels (which refer to swirl anode tail gas and swirl cathode tail gas) are injected at multiple points, the disadvantage that the high temperature is concentrated towards the center caused by the swirl of the fuels can be effectively counteracted, and the uniformity of the outlet temperature distribution of the combustion chamber is improved.
Referring to fig. 1-5, the invention also discloses a combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system adopting the method for feeding air into the flame tube of the solid oxide fuel cell system, wherein the combustion chamber adopts a rotational flow diffusion combustion mode and can be suitable for the solid oxide fuel cell system of 1kW-200 kW. The combustor comprises a combustor casing 1 and a flame tube 2, the combustor casing and the flame tube are both in a cylindrical shape, the flame tube is coaxially located in the combustor casing, the head ends of the combustor casing and the flame tube are both closed, the tail ends of the combustor casing and the flame tube are both open, the tail end of the flame tube is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the combustor casing, a gap is reserved between the head end wall 3 of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustor casing, the side wall of the combustor casing is provided with an anode tail gas inlet 4 and a cathode tail gas inlet 5 for anode tail gas and cathode tail gas of a galvanic pile to enter the combustor, the side wall of the flame tube is provided with a plurality of side wall through holes (or called mixing holes) 6, an anode tail gas collection chamber 7 is arranged between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustor casing, and is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet, the combustor comprises an anode tail gas collection chamber and is characterized in that a swirler 8 is arranged between flame tubes, the swirler is provided with a swirl anode tail gas inlet channel 9 and a swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel 10, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located on the outer side of the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel, the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the anode tail gas collection chamber and the flame tubes, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the inner space of a combustor box and the flame tubes so that cathode tail gas and anode tail gas entering the flame tubes through the swirler are sprayed to form a swirl cathode tail gas and an air inlet state of the swirl cathode tail gas wrapping the swirl anode tail gas along the air inlet direction, and end wall through holes (or called cooling holes) 11 are densely distributed on the end wall of the head of the flame tubes.
And all anode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the swirler from the anode tail gas inlet through the anode tail gas collection chamber, and forms airflow with swirling strength to be sprayed into the flame tube under the swirling action of the swirling anode tail gas inlet channel. Cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the combustion chamber casing through the cathode tail gas inlet, then enters the flame tube in three modes, the first mode is that the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the side wall through hole, the second mode is that the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the end wall through hole, the third mode is that the swirler enters the flame tube, the cathode tail gas enters the flame tube in the third mode, and under the action of the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel, airflow jet with swirl strength is formed and enters the flame tube. Therefore, when the combustor works, all anode tail gas (swirl anode tail gas) is wrapped by swirl cathode tail gas to form multipoint swirl diffusion flame in the flame tube, and the rest cathode tail gas enters the flame tube through the end wall through holes and the side wall through holes to realize the zoned mixed combustion.
The side of the end wall of the head part in the flame tube is preferably coaxially provided with a splash shield 12 with a circular outer edge, the diameter of the splash shield is smaller than the inner diameter of the head part of the flame tube, a space is reserved between the splash shield and the end wall of the head part of the flame tube to form a flame tube head air inlet channel of cathode tail gas, the end wall of the head part of the flame tube is provided with a swirler positioning hole 13 for inserting and positioning the swirler, the diameter of the swirler positioning hole is matched with the outer diameter of the swirler, during assembly, the swirler is directly inserted into the swirler positioning hole to realize sealing installation and fixation, the splash shield is provided with a swirler insertion hole for inserting the swirler, and the air outlet end of the swirler is inserted into the swirler insertion hole and is in sealing connection.
The number of the swirlers is preferably multiple (for example, 5), wherein one swirler is coaxial with the flame tube, and the rest swirlers are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the axis of the flame tube as a central line, so as to realize swirl flame stabilization and multi-point arrangement of flames when the combustion chamber works. And anode tail gas is uniformly distributed after entering the anode tail gas collection chamber, and is sprayed into the combustion chamber from the swirling anode tail gas inlet channel of each swirler in a multipath manner.
The cyclone preferably comprises an inner cylinder 14 and an outer cylinder 15, the outer cylinder is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder, an annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder forms the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, cyclone assemblies are arranged in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel and used for forming cyclone airflow in corresponding channels, the air inlet end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collection chamber, and a gap is reserved between the air inlet end of the outer cylinder and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode tail gas collection chamber and used for cathode tail gas inlet.
The anode tail gas cyclone assembly is characterized in that a cyclone assembly in the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel is preferably a plurality of cyclone blades (or anode tail gas cyclone blades), a cyclone blade mounting shaft is coaxially arranged in the inner cylinder, the plurality of anode tail gas cyclone blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each anode tail gas cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the cyclone blade mounting shaft, and the outer edge of each cyclone blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the inner cylinder.
The anode tail gas cyclone blade is generally a plate-shaped blade, the axial deflection angle of the anode tail gas cyclone blade is preferably 20-70 degrees, namely, the included angle between the plate surface of the anode tail gas cyclone blade and the axial plane where the end edge of the anode tail gas cyclone blade facing the air inlet side is located (the plane formed or determined by the straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube along the end edge of the anode tail gas cyclone blade facing the air inlet side) is preferably 20-70 degrees, and the number of the anode tail gas cyclone blades is preferably 6-18, so that anode tail gas cyclone with the cyclone number of 0.4-1.2 is formed through the cyclone anode tail gas inlet channel.
The swirl component in the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is preferably swirl blades (or called cathode tail gas swirl blades), the number of the cathode tail gas swirl blades is multiple, the multiple cathode tail gas swirl blades are uniformly distributed along the radial circumference of the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel, the inner edge of each cathode tail gas swirl blade is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the inner cylinder, and the outer edge of each cathode tail gas swirl blade is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer cylinder.
The cathode tail gas cyclone blade is generally a plate-shaped blade, the axial deflection angle of the cathode tail gas cyclone blade is preferably 20-70 degrees, namely, the included angle between the plate surface of the cathode tail gas cyclone blade and the axial plane where the end edge of the cathode tail gas cyclone blade facing the air inlet side is located (the plane formed or determined by the straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube along the end edge of the cathode tail gas cyclone blade facing the air inlet side) is preferably 20-70 degrees, and the number of the cathode tail gas cyclone blades is preferably 8-24, so that cathode tail gas cyclone with the cyclone number of 0.4-1.2 is formed through the cyclone cathode tail gas inlet channel.
The outer cylinder body preferably comprises an inner diameter equal-diameter section, an inner diameter reducing section and an inner diameter gradually-expanding section from the air inlet end to the air outlet end, the outer diameter reducing section of the inner cylinder body is located in the inner diameter reducing section of the outer cylinder body, and therefore an arc throat profile is formed on the end side of an outlet of the swirler, so that the vortex flame at the outlet end of the swirler can be effectively prevented from flowing back to the inside of the swirler when the combustion chamber works, and the swirler is prevented from being burnt or burned. The outlet end of the inner cylinder body is preferably designed to be a plane acute angle, so that the cyclone is prevented from being burnt down due to the fact that a vortex structure is formed at the outlet end of the inner cylinder body.
The side wall through holes are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of side wall through holes is multiple, the plurality of groups of side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube along different radial circumferences, preferably and mainly distributed in the middle of the side wall of the flame tube, and the plurality of side wall through holes of each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference where the side wall through holes are located. The number of the side wall through holes of each group is preferably the same, the side wall through holes are distributed on the side wall of the flame tube in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and the side wall through holes corresponding to the side wall through holes of each group are preferably arranged along a straight line parallel to the axis of the flame tube. The aperture of the side wall through hole is preferably 4-30 mm.
The end wall through holes are preferably divided into a plurality of groups, the number of each group of end wall through holes is multiple, and the plurality of groups of end wall through holes are uniformly distributed on the head end wall of the flame tube along different circumferences with the circle center of the head end wall as the circle center. The density of endwall through-holes distribution for two of the sets of endwall through-holes that are circumferentially spaced along the minimum radius and the maximum radius is preferably greater than the density of endwall through-holes distribution for the other sets of endwall through-holes that are circumferentially spaced along the other radii. The aperture of the end wall through hole is preferably 0.5-4 mm.
The cathode tail gas inlet mode and the specific gas inlet structure of the combustion chamber are arranged, so that most of cathode tail gas of a galvanic pile can enter the flame tube from the side wall through hole, the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube from the side wall through hole is usually 40-90% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube from the end wall through hole is usually 5-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas, and the cathode tail gas amount entering the flame tube through the rotational flow cathode tail gas inlet channel of the swirler is usually 1-30% of the total amount of the cathode tail gas.
The combustor casing preferably comprises an equal-diameter section and a reducing section with a reduced inner diameter from the head end to the tail end, the inner diameter of the tail end of the reducing section is the same as that of the tail end of the flame tube, and the tail end of the reducing section is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the flame tube. The anode tail gas inlet and the cathode tail gas inlet are preferably arranged on the equal-diameter section. The outer diameter of the combustor casing is preferably 30-600 mm.
An igniter (generally, an ignition rod) 16 of the combustion chamber horizontally extends into the flame tube from the outer side of the head end of the combustion chamber casing, igniter holes 17 through which the igniter can pass are formed in the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collection chamber, the head end wall of the flame tube and the splash plate, a horizontal igniter sleeve is arranged in the anode tail gas collection chamber to form an igniter channel 18, and two ends of the igniter sleeve are respectively in sealed communication with the igniter holes in the two side chamber walls of the anode tail gas collection chamber.
The technical means disclosed by the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes except for special description and the further limitation that one technical means is another technical means.
Claims (10)
1. The method for feeding gas into the flame tube of the solid oxide fuel cell system is characterized in that anode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode, and cathode tail gas of the galvanic pile enters the flame tube in the following mode:
1) the flame tube enters the flame tube from the side wall through holes distributed on the side wall of the flame tube;
2) the flame tube enters from end wall through holes distributed on the end wall of the head part of the flame tube;
3) entering the flame tube from the head of the flame tube in a rotational flow mode;
the cathode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode wraps the anode tail gas entering the flame tube in a rotational flow mode along the air inlet direction.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the cathode off-gas entering the combustor basket is 40% -90% of the total amount of the cathode off-gas in the manner 1), the amount of the cathode off-gas entering the combustor basket is 5% -30% of the total amount of the cathode off-gas in the manner 2), and the amount of the cathode off-gas entering the combustor basket is 1% -30% of the total amount of the cathode off-gas in the manner 3).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the anode exhaust gas entering the combustor basket in a swirling manner and the cathode exhaust gas entering the combustor basket in a swirling manner 3) enter the combustor basket through a plurality of inlet channels, the anode exhaust gas inlet channels and the cathode exhaust gas inlet channels are in the same number and are in one-to-one correspondence, wherein one anode exhaust gas inlet channel is coaxial with the combustor basket, the remaining anode exhaust gas inlet channels are uniformly distributed along the same circumference with the axis of the combustor basket as the center line, and each cathode exhaust gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located outside the corresponding anode exhaust gas inlet channel.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a splash guard having a circular outer edge is coaxially disposed at the end wall of the head of the combustor basket, the diameter of the splash guard is smaller than the inner diameter of the head of the combustor basket, and a distance is left between the splash guard and the end wall of the head of the combustor basket, so as to form a head inlet channel of the combustor basket for cathode exhaust, and in the manner 2), the cathode exhaust entering the combustor basket enters the rear side of the splash guard in the combustor basket through the head inlet channel of the combustor basket to participate in combustion.
5. The combustion chamber of the solid oxide fuel cell system comprises a combustion chamber casing and a flame tube, wherein the flame tube is coaxially positioned in the combustion chamber casing, the head ends of the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube are closed, and the tail ends of the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube are open, and the combustion chamber is characterized in that the tail end of the flame tube is fixedly and hermetically connected with the tail end of the combustion chamber casing, a gap is reserved between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the side wall of the combustion chamber casing is provided with an anode tail gas inlet and a cathode tail gas inlet, the side wall of the flame tube is provided with a plurality of side wall through holes, an anode tail gas collection chamber is arranged between the head end wall of the flame tube and the head end wall of the combustion chamber casing, the anode tail gas collection chamber is communicated with the anode tail gas inlet, a swirler is arranged between the anode tail gas collection chamber and the flame tube, and is provided with a swirl anode tail gas inlet channel and a swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is an annular channel and is coaxially located outside the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel, the swirl anode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the anode tail gas collection chamber and the flame tube, the swirl cathode tail gas inlet channel is communicated with the inner space of the combustion chamber casing and the flame tube, and end wall through holes are densely distributed in the end wall of the head of the flame tube.
6. The solid oxide fuel cell system combustor as claimed in claim 5, wherein a splash shield having a circular outer edge is coaxially disposed at the end wall side of the head portion of the combustor basket, the diameter of the splash shield is smaller than the inner diameter of the head portion of the combustor basket, and a gap is left between the splash shield and the end wall of the head portion of the combustor basket to form a head portion inlet channel of the cathode exhaust gas, the splash shield is provided with a cyclone insertion hole, and an outlet end of the cyclone is inserted into the cyclone insertion hole and hermetically connected thereto.
7. The combustor of a solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the number of said swirlers is plural, wherein one of said swirlers is coaxial with said combustor basket, and the remaining swirlers are uniformly distributed along the same circumference with the axis of said combustor basket as a center.
8. The combustor of solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cyclone comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the outer cylinder is coaxially sleeved outside the inner cylinder, the outer diameter of the inner cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer cylinder, the annular space between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder forms the cyclone cathode exhaust gas inlet channel, the inner space of the inner cylinder forms the cyclone anode exhaust gas inlet channel, both the cyclone anode exhaust gas inlet channel and the cyclone cathode exhaust gas inlet channel are provided with cyclone assemblies, the inlet end of the inner cylinder is fixedly connected with the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode exhaust gas collection chamber, and a gap is left between the inlet end of the outer cylinder and the corresponding side chamber wall of the anode exhaust gas collection chamber.
9. The combustor of a solid oxide fuel cell system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sidewall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, each group having a plurality of sidewall through holes, the plurality of groups of sidewall through holes are distributed along different circumferences of the sidewall of the combustor basket along the radial direction, and the plurality of sidewall through holes of each group are uniformly distributed along the circumference thereof.
10. The solid oxide fuel cell system combustor of claim 5, wherein said end wall through holes are divided into a plurality of groups, each group having a plurality of end wall through holes, the plurality of groups of end wall through holes being evenly distributed on said head end wall of said liner along different circumferences centered on the center of the head end wall.
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