CN114188559A - Fuel cell catalyst, preparation method thereof and fuel cell - Google Patents

Fuel cell catalyst, preparation method thereof and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114188559A
CN114188559A CN202111318734.0A CN202111318734A CN114188559A CN 114188559 A CN114188559 A CN 114188559A CN 202111318734 A CN202111318734 A CN 202111318734A CN 114188559 A CN114188559 A CN 114188559A
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fuel cell
metal particles
cell catalyst
precursor salt
temperature
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CN114188559B (en
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吕海峰
瞿威
王冠雄
李婷雅
张胜刚
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Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell catalyst, a preparation method thereof and a fuel cell, wherein the preparation method of the fuel cell catalyst comprises the following steps: mixing metal precursor salt, a solvent and a reducing agent in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution; adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from the normal temperature gradient to the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature to prepare a metal particle solution; and separating and drying the metal particles from the metal particle solution, loading the metal particles on a carbon carrier, and calcining the carbon carrier in air at a high temperature to remove the solvent to obtain the fuel cell catalyst. According to the invention, the platinum precursor salt and the gold precursor salt are mixed according to a certain proportion, and then the temperature is increased to the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature in a gradient manner, so that the metal particles with the core-shell structure are formed, and the metal particles have high durability, are uniformly dispersed, ensure the performance and the structural stability of the catalyst, and have high catalytic activity.

Description

Fuel cell catalyst, preparation method thereof and fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell catalyst, a preparation method thereof and a fuel cell.
Background
A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy in an electrochemical reaction mode without combustion, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a common type of fuel cell. In proton exchange membrane fuel cells, noble metal platinum (Pt) and alloys thereof are the most effective catalysts at present, but Pt resources are scarce and expensive, so that the cost of the catalyst is high, and the development of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells is restricted. In the prior art, the catalyst has low Pt dispersion degree and uncontrollable Pt particle size, so that the prepared fuel cell catalyst has low durability, large Pt consumption and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The problem to be solved by the invention is how to prepare the fuel cell catalyst with high dispersity and high durability.
To solve at least one of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing metal precursor salt, a solvent and a reducing agent in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the metal precursor salt comprises platinum precursor salt and gold precursor salt;
s2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from the normal temperature gradient to the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature under the inert atmosphere condition to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the temperature increase rate is 0.5-3 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature is 80-200 ℃;
and S3, separating and drying the metal particles from the metal particle solution, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, stirring and ultrasonically treating to enable the metal particles to be supported on the carbon carrier, and calcining at high temperature in air to remove the solvent to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.
Preferably, the platinum precursor salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate or chloroplatinic acid, the gold precursor salt comprises chloroauric acid or gold chloride, and the molar ratio of the platinum precursor salt to the gold precursor salt is 1 (0.1-1).
Preferably, the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene and the reducing agent comprises at least one of tetrabutylammonium bromide, octadecene, oleyl amine and oleic acid.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is (0.5-100): 1.
Preferably, in the step S2, the amount of the mixed solution added is 30 to 50% of the total volume of the reaction vessel.
Preferably, in the step S3, the particle size of the carbon support is 40-200nm, and the specific surface area of the carbon support is 100-600m2/g。
Preferably, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon support is 1 (1-19).
According to the invention, the platinum precursor salt and the gold precursor salt are mixed according to a certain proportion, and then the temperature is increased to the temperature of the pyrolysis reduction reaction in a gradient manner, because the platinum precursor salt and the gold precursor salt have different reduction potentials, metal particles with a core-shell structure can be formed, the particle size of the metal particles is in a nanometer level, the nanometer metal particles are loaded on a carbon carrier, the metal particles can be highly dispersed on the carbon carrier, the metal particles with the core-shell structure have high durability, the dosage of the metal particles can be reduced by improving the dispersion degree and durability of the metal particles, the performance and the structural stability of the catalyst are ensured, and the catalyst has high catalytic activity.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell catalyst prepared by the above preparation method.
Preferably, the catalyst comprises a carbon carrier and metal particles loaded on the carbon carrier, wherein the metal particles are loaded on the carbon carrier, the metal particles are in a core-shell structure and comprise a core composed of platinum alloy and a shell composed of platinum, and the particle size of the metal particles is 3-7 nm.
The fuel cell catalyst is prepared by the preparation method, and the catalyst comprises a carbon carrier and metal particles loaded on the carbon carrier, wherein the metal particles comprise platinum and gold, a core-shell structure is formed, the durability of the catalyst can be improved, the particle size of the metal particles is 3-7nm, the dispersion degree of the metal particles on the carrier is improved, the using amount of the metal particles is reduced to a certain extent, the cost is saved, and the catalyst has high catalytic activity.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a fuel cell including the fuel cell catalyst as described above.
The power density and electrochemical performance of the fuel cell can be improved by using the fuel cell catalyst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of preparing a fuel cell catalyst in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of 5nm metal particles in example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a TEM image of 5 nano-metal particles supported on a carbon support in example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an elemental analysis chart of 5nm metal particles in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a TEM image of 7nm metal particles in example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a TEM image of 7 nano-metal particles supported on a carbon support in example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing fuel catalyst performance to commercial Pt/C catalyst performance in examples of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments thereof are described in detail below.
It should be noted that the features in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict. The terms "comprising," "including," "containing," and "having" are intended to be inclusive, i.e., that additional steps and other ingredients may be added without affecting the result. The above terms encompass the terms "consisting of … …" and "consisting essentially of … …". Materials, equipment and reagents are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
s1, mixing metal precursor salt, a solvent and a reducing agent in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the metal precursor salt comprises platinum (Pt) precursor salt and gold (Au) precursor salt;
s2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from the normal temperature to the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature in a gradient manner under the inert atmosphere condition to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature is 80-200 ℃, and the gradient temperature increase rate is 0.5-3 ℃/min;
and S3, separating the metal particles from the metal particle solution, drying, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, stirring and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to enable the metal particles to be carried on the carbon carrier, and calcining at high temperature in air to remove the solvent to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.
The method comprises the steps of adding a Pt precursor salt and an Au precursor salt into a solvent and a reducing agent to obtain a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution to a pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature in a gradient manner, wherein the Pt precursor salt and the Au precursor salt have different reduction potentials, and different metal precursor salts are reduced into metal particles in sequence in the temperature gradient increasing process to form a core-shell structure, wherein the core of the metal particles is an alloy of Pt and Au, the shell of the metal particles is Pt, and the metal particles in the core-shell structure have high durability. In addition, the particle size of the metal particles prepared by the preparation method is nano-scale, and the nano-scale metal particles are better in dispersion performance when being loaded on a carbon carrier, so that the using amount of the metal particles is reduced, the cost is saved, and the prepared catalyst is stable in structure and has higher catalytic activity.
In step S1, the Pt precursor salt comprises platinum acetylacetonate or chloroplatinic acid, the Au precursor salt comprises chloroauric acid or gold chloride, the molar ratio of the Pt precursor salt to the Au precursor salt is 1 (0.1-1), the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, the reducing agent comprises at least one of tetrabutylammonium bromide, octadecene, oleyl amine and oleic acid, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is (0.5-100): 1.
Different metal precursor salts have different reduction potentials, and different metal precursor salt types and the proportion of the Pt precursor salt and the Au precursor salt can be selected according to the size and the core structure of the metal particles to be prepared in the specific preparation process. In addition, the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent also affects the particle size of the metal particles, and the particle size of the metal particles can be controlled by adjusting the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent.
In step S2, the temperature of the pyrolytic reduction reaction is 80-200 ℃, the gradient heating rate is 0.5-3 ℃/min, and the adding amount of the mixed solution in the reaction container is 30-50% of the total volume of the reaction container.
The gradient heating rate is controlled to be 0.5-3 ℃/min, so that the metal particles can form a core-shell structure, the formed metal particles have stable structure and uniform particle size, and the amount of the mixed solution added into the reaction container can influence the particle size uniformity of the metal particles. The pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature is set to be 80-200 ℃, metal precursor salt is gradually reduced into metal elements in the process of gradually increasing the reaction temperature, the particle size of metal particles can be controlled according to the reduction potential of different metal precursor salts and the reduction effect of the metal precursor salts under different pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature conditions, and a core-shell structure is formed. The addition amount of the mixed solution in the reaction vessel is controlled, so that the metal particles obtained after the reaction have uniform size and controllable appearance.
Illustratively, chloroplatinic acid and gold chloride are respectively selected as Pt precursor salt and Au precursor salt, the molar ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the gold chloride is 1:0.25, the mass ratio of a solvent to a reducing agent is 0.5:1, a mixed solution formed by mixing the metal precursor salt, the solvent and the reducing agent is added into a reaction container, the pyrolysis reduction temperature of the reaction container is set to 80 ℃, the temperature in the reaction container is gradually increased from normal temperature to 80 ℃ according to the temperature rising rate of 0.5 ℃/min, and metal particles with the particle size of 3nm can be prepared; respectively selecting platinum acetylacetonate and gold chloride as Pt precursor salt and Au precursor salt, wherein the molar ratio of the platinum acetylacetonate to the gold chloride is 1:0.33, the mass ratio of a solvent to a reducing agent is 50:1, adding a mixed solution formed by mixing the metal precursor salt, the solvent and the reducing agent into a reaction container, setting the pyrolysis reduction temperature of the reaction container to 125 ℃, gradually increasing the temperature in the reaction container from normal temperature to 125 ℃ according to the temperature rise rate of 1.5 ℃/min, and preparing metal particles with the particle size of 5 nm; respectively selecting chloroplatinic acid and chloroauric acid as Pt precursor salt and Au precursor salt, wherein the molar ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the chloroauric acid is 1:1, the mass ratio of a solvent to a reducing agent is 100:1, adding a mixed solution formed by mixing the metal precursor salt, the solvent and the reducing agent into a reaction container, setting the pyrolysis reduction temperature of the reaction container to be 200 ℃, gradually increasing the temperature in the reaction container from normal temperature to 200 ℃ according to the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and preparing metal particles with the particle size of 7 nm.
In step S3, the particle size of the carbon carrier is 40-200nm, the specific surface area of the carbon carrier is 100-600m2The mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon carrier is 1 (1-19). The particle size is 40-200nm, the specific surface area is 100-2The metal particles are supported by the carbon carrier in the amount of/g, so that the metal particles can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carbon carrier, the loading capacity of the metal particles on the carbon carrier can be adjusted by controlling the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon carrier, and the loading capacity of the metal particles on the carbon carrier can be adjusted within the range of 5-50%, so that the catalysts with different catalytic capabilities can be obtained. The carbon carrier comprises at least one of carbon black, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene. In addition, in order to further improve the catalytic performance of the fuel cell catalyst, the fuel cell catalyst after high-temperature calcination can be placed in a hydrogen reduction atmosphere for surface structure reconstruction.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell catalyst prepared by the above preparation method, wherein the catalyst comprises a carbon support and metal particles supported on the carbon support, wherein the metal particles have a core-shell structure, and comprise a core made of an alloy of Pt and Au and a shell made of Pt, and the particle size of the metal particles is 3 to 7 nm.
The fuel cell catalyst prepared by the preparation method has a stable structure and uniform particle size, the particle size of the metal particles can be adjusted according to needs, the particle size of the metal particles is 3-7nm, the nano metal particles can improve the dispersion performance, the using amount of the metal particles is reduced, the cost is saved, a core-shell structure with Pt and Au as alloys and Pt as shells is formed, and the catalytic performance and the durability of the catalyst are improved.
Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell comprising the fuel cell catalyst described above.
By using the fuel cell catalyst, the power density and electrochemical performance of the fuel cell can be improved.
The following description of the preparation of the fuel cell catalyst is made with reference to various examples:
example 1
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, including the following steps:
1.1, adding chloroplatinic acid and gold chloride into a solvent and reducing agent mixed solvent, and mixing in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the gold chloride is 1:0.25, the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, the reducing agent is a mixture of tetrabutylammonium bromide, octadecene, oleyl amine and oleic acid, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is 0.5: 1;
1.2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, wherein the adding amount of the mixed solution is 30% of the total volume of the reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from normal temperature to 80 ℃ in a gradient manner to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the temperature increase rate is 0.5 ℃/min;
1.3, separating metal particles from the metal particle solution and drying to obtain metal particles with the particle size of about 3nm, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, wherein the carbon carrier has the particle size of 40nm and the specific surface area of 600m2Carbon black per gram, and the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon carrier is 1:1, stirring and ultrasonic processing are carried out,loading metal particles on a carbon carrier, wherein the loading amount of the metal particles on the carbon carrier is 50 wt%, calcining the metal particles in air at a high temperature to remove a solvent, and reconstructing the surface structure of the particles in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, including the following steps:
2.1, adding platinum acetylacetonate and gold chloride into a mixed solvent of a solvent and a reducing agent, and mixing in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the molar ratio of the platinum acetylacetonate to the gold chloride is 1:0.33, the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, the reducing agent is a mixture of tetrabutylammonium bromide and oleic acid, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is 0.5: 1;
2.2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, wherein the adding amount of the mixed solution is 40% of the total volume of the reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from normal temperature to 125 ℃ in a gradient manner to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the temperature increase rate is 1.5 ℃/min;
2.3, separating metal particles from the metal particle solution and drying to obtain metal particles with the particle size of about 5nm, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, wherein the carbon carrier has the particle size of 200nm and the specific surface area of 100m2Stirring and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to enable metal particles to be loaded on the carbon carrier, wherein the loading amount of the metal particles on the carbon carrier is 5 wt%, calcining at high temperature in air to remove a solvent, and then reconstructing the surface structure of the particles in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the fuel cell catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon carrier is 1: 19. Wherein, fig. 2 is a TEM electron microscope image of 5 nano metal particles, fig. 4 is an elemental analysis image of 5 nano metal particles, wherein, the abscissa in fig. 4 represents the distance along the radial direction of the metal particles, the unit is nm, the ordinate represents the X-ray intensity of Pt and Au, the greater the intensity represents the more element distribution, as shown in fig. 4, Pt (platinum represents Pt in the figure) is distributed at the periphery and in the middle of the metal particles, and Au (Gold represents Au in the figure) is mainly distributed in the interior of the metal particles, which indicates that a core-shell structure is formed, wherein the core is an alloy of Pt and AuThe shell is mainly Pt; fig. 3 is a TEM electron micrograph of 5 nano-metal particles supported on a carbon support.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, including the following steps:
3.1, adding chloroplatinic acid and chloroauric acid into a solvent and reducing agent mixed solvent, and mixing in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mole ratio of the chloroplatinic acid to the chloroauric acid is 1:1, the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, the reducing agent is a mixture of tetrabutylammonium bromide, octadecene and oleyl amine, and the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is 100: 1;
3.2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, wherein the adding amount of the mixed solution is 50% of the total volume of the reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from the normal temperature to 80 ℃ in a gradient manner to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the temperature increase rate is 3 ℃/min;
3.3, separating metal particles from the metal particle solution and drying to obtain metal particles with the particle size of about 7nm, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, wherein the carbon carrier has the particle size of 120nm and the specific surface area of 350m2Stirring and carrying out ultrasonic treatment to enable metal particles to be loaded on the carbon carrier, wherein the loading amount of the metal particles on the carbon carrier is 9 wt%, calcining at high temperature in air to remove a solvent, and then reconstructing the surface structure of the particles in a hydrogen atmosphere to obtain the fuel cell catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon carrier is 1: 10. Wherein, FIG. 5 is a TEM electron micrograph of 7 nano-metal particles; fig. 6 is a TEM electron micrograph of 7 nano metal particles supported on a carbon support.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is different from example 2 in that the amount of the mixed solution added was 80% of the total capacity of the reaction vessel, and the remaining conditions were the same as example 2. The uniformity of the particle size of the metal particles obtained by this comparative example was poor, and the particle size of most of the metal particles was 10 to 20 nm.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and example 2 is that the temperature in the reaction vessel is increased from normal temperature to 300 ℃ in a gradient manner, the rate of temperature increase is 5 ℃/min, and the rest conditions are the same as those in example 2. The metal particles obtained by this comparative example cannot form a core-shell structure.
Effects of the embodiment
A fuel cell catalyst was produced by following the preparation method of example 2, and metal particles having Pt and Au alloy as cores and Pt as shells were supported on a carbon carrier to obtain a PtAu/Pt/C fuel cell catalyst, PtAu/Pt/C representing that metal particles having PtAu alloy as cores and Pt as shells were supported on a carbon carrier, and the fuel cell catalyst of example 2 (PtAu/Pt/C) and a general commercial catalyst (Pt/C) were tested for catalytic performance and durability, wherein the catalytic performance test was conducted by detecting current densities of the catalysts under different potential conditions, and the durability test was conducted by detecting the dissolution rates of Pt of the catalysts under different potential conditions.
In FIG. 7, the abscissa is the potential and the ordinate is Pt/ngL-1And Au/ngL-1Respectively represent the dissolution rates of Pt and Au, j/. mu.Acm-2Representing the current density.
As can be seen from fig. 7, the trend of the PtAu/Pt/C current density provided by embodiment 2 of the present invention is substantially consistent with that of Pt/C, which indicates that the catalytic performance of the PtAu/Pt/C is substantially the same, but the Pt dissolution rate in PtAu/Pt/C is significantly lower than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, which indicates that the fuel cell catalyst provided by the embodiment of the present invention can ensure higher catalytic activity and have higher durability than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. A method of preparing a fuel cell catalyst, comprising the steps of:
s1, mixing metal precursor salt, a solvent and a reducing agent in an inert atmosphere to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the metal precursor salt comprises platinum precursor salt and gold precursor salt;
s2, adding the mixed solution into a reaction container, and controlling the temperature in the reaction container to be increased from the normal temperature gradient to the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature under the inert atmosphere condition to prepare a metal particle solution, wherein the temperature increase rate is 0.5-3 ℃/min, and the pyrolysis reduction reaction temperature is 80-200 ℃;
and S3, separating metal particles from the metal particle solution, drying, dissolving the metal particles into an n-hexane solvent, adding a carbon carrier, stirring and ultrasonically treating to enable the metal particles to be loaded on the carbon carrier, and calcining at high temperature to remove the solvent to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.
2. The method of preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the platinum precursor salt includes platinum acetylacetonate or chloroplatinic acid, the gold precursor salt includes chloroauric acid or gold chloride, and the molar ratio of the platinum precursor salt to the gold precursor salt is 1 (0.1-1).
3. The method of manufacturing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the solvent is 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalene, and the reducing agent includes at least one of tetrabutylammonium bromide, octadecene, oleyl amine, and oleic acid.
4. The method for producing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 3, characterized in that the mass ratio of the solvent to the reducing agent is (0.5-100): 1.
5. The method of preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the mixed solution added in step S2 is 30 to 50% of the total capacity of the reaction vessel.
6. The method of preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter of the carbon support is 40 to 200nm in the step S3The specific surface area of the carbon carrier is 100-600m2/g。
7. The method of producing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the metal particles to the carbon support in step S3 is 1 (1-19).
8. A fuel cell catalyst produced by the method for producing a fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The fuel cell catalyst according to claim 8, comprising a carbon support and metal particles supported on the carbon support, wherein the metal particles have a core-shell structure, the metal particles comprise a core made of platinum-gold alloy and a shell made of platinum, and the particle diameter of the metal particles is 3 to 7 nm.
10. A fuel cell comprising the fuel cell catalyst produced by the method for producing a fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the fuel cell catalyst according to any one of claims 8 to 9.
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