CN114183141B - Method for controlling surrounding rock of short-distance coal seam mining replacement roadway - Google Patents
Method for controlling surrounding rock of short-distance coal seam mining replacement roadway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling surrounding rock of a short-distance coal seam mining and replacing roadway, which comprises the steps of excavating a roadway of a lower coal seam working face while mining the upper coal seam working face, dividing the roadway into excavation in an original rock stress area and excavation in a mining stress area, dividing the excavation in the mining stress area into three stages of an excavation opposite section, an excavation single section and an excavation back section, determining the specific position of each stage through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and mine pressure observation, supporting by adopting specific supporting measures according to the mining stress influence characteristic of each stage when each position is reached to enter the three stages during roadway excavation, ensuring the stability of the surrounding rock when the roadway is influenced by the mining stress and accelerating the excavating speed after the roadway is influenced by the mining stress finally in the whole excavation process of the roadway of the lower coal seam working face, effectively solves the problem of tension in mining succession relation and continuously ensures the safe and stable production of the working face.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method of surrounding rocks of a roadway, in particular to a control method of surrounding rocks of a roadway for short-distance coal seam mining and replacing.
Background
Along with the high-strength development of coal resources in China, a single-layer single-working-face mode is adopted for stoping the coal resources in a part of mines under the occurrence condition of close-distance coal seam groups, and the mode limits the improvement of the mine yield; when the coal seam is changed in the follow-up process, the mining and taking over are tense due to the fact that other working faces do not have stoping; in the mines adopting coal seam group combined mining, because no systematic design of specific support measures is carried out aiming at the short-distance coal seam group mining and taking-over roadway, the conventional method for controlling the surrounding rock of the roadway during single-layer mining still depends at present, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway exists in the short-distance coal seam group mining and taking-over roadway in the using process, and the safe production of a working face is finally seriously influenced. Therefore, how to provide a method can continuously ensure the stability of surrounding rocks of the roadway on the basis of carrying out working face extraction by adopting a close-distance coal seam group mining and replacing roadway mode, thereby not only solving the problem of tension in mining and replacing relation, but also continuously ensuring the safe production of the working face, and being the research direction of the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for controlling surrounding rocks of a short-distance coal seam mining and replacing roadway, which can continuously ensure the stability of the surrounding rocks of the roadway on the basis of performing working face extraction by adopting a short-distance coal seam group mining and replacing roadway mode, thereby not only solving the problem of tension in mining and replacing relation, but also continuously ensuring the safe and stable production of the working face.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for controlling surrounding rock of a short-distance coal seam mining and taking over roadway comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting a coal mine to be excavated with a close-distance coal seam group, wherein the coal seam close to the ground in two adjacent layers is an upper coal seam, the other layer is a lower coal seam, then the upper coal seam is used as a first coal seam, the working face extraction of the upper coal seam is started, and a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is excavated while the working face extraction of the upper coal seam is carried out, specifically:
according to the heading process of the working face of the upper coal seam and the roadway heading process of the working face of the lower coal seam, the heading is divided into heading in a stress region of the original rock and heading in a mining stress region from the space; the mining stress area refers to a roadway arrangement range of the roadway driving of the working face of the lower coal seam, which is influenced by the supporting pressure of the working face of the upper coal seam; the original rock stress area is an area where the roadway excavation of the working face of the lower coal seam is not influenced by the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam; the mining induced stress area and the original rock stress area are divided according to the technical means known in the industry;
wherein the tunneling in the mining stress area is divided into three stages according to the time in the process of the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam as a mining opposite section when the normal heading of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is carried out in opposite directions; defining the working face of the upper coal seam as a single digging section when the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops digging or the working face of the upper coal seam stops digging; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam as a back section of a mining phase when the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the normal tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are carried out simultaneously;
step two, mining the working face of the upper coal seam and tunneling the working face of the lower coal seam according to the division of the step one, determining the stopping excavation distance and the re-excavation distance of the working face of the lower coal seam through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and mine pressure observation in the process, and further determining the specific position of each stage in the step one according to the stopping excavation distance and the re-excavation distance, wherein the stopping excavation distance is the horizontal distance between the working face of the upper coal seam and the heading of the working face of the lower coal seam when the working face of the upper coal seam is not mined back to the top of the working face of the lower coal seam but the supporting pressure brought by mining of the working face of the upper coal seam reaches the heading of the working face of the lower coal seam; the re-excavation distance is the horizontal distance between the upper coal seam working face and the lower coal seam working face roadway head when the supporting pressure brought by the upper coal seam working face mining has no influence on the lower coal seam working face roadway excavation head-on after the upper coal seam working face passes through the upper part of the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on and is mined for a certain distance above the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on; wherein the determining process of the digging stopping distance and the digging returning distance is as follows:
stopping digging distance: l is Stop ＝6×k×M+t 1 ×s 1
Wherein k is a layer interval influence coefficient,
h is the interval between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, M is the mining height of the upper coal seam, and the units are M and t 1 The stable time of tunneling the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is d, s 1 The average daily excavation amount of the roadway is expressed in m/d, and the formula t 1 Determining according to the mine pressure observation result;
the mine pressure observation adopts monitoring of the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam, the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable and the peering of the drill hole, and the depth L of the drill hole is more than L 1 In the formula, L1 is the fracture and bed separation depth of the surrounding rock; tunnel driving stabilization time t 1 ＝t 2 +t 3 ，t 2 For the time from excavation of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam to the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of less than 10mm/d, if the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor rope reaches the breaking limit, the supporting measures of the anchor rod and the anchor rope need to be implemented, and at the moment, t 3 In order to supplement the time of the support measures, if the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable does not reach the breaking limit, t is 3 ＝0；
And (3) re-digging distance of the roadway: l is Compound medicine ＝60+t 4 ×s 2
In the formula, t 4 The deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the lower coal seam working face is less than 10mm/d after the upper coal seam working face pushes 60m above the head of the roadway of the lower coal seam working face, and the unit is d, s 2 The daily pushing amount of the working surface of the upper coal layer is expressed in m/d;
in the above formula, 60m is a safety distance determined to avoid that the tunneling head of the roadway head of the lower coal seam working face is influenced by overlarge lagging support pressure of the working face, and if the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway head of the lower coal seam working face is smaller than 10mm/d when the horizontal distance between the tunneling head of the upper coal seam working face and the tunneling head of the lower coal seam working face does not reach 60m, t is 4 ＝0；
Step three, according to the specific position of each stage determined in the step two, different support modes are respectively adopted when the lower coal seam working face roadway is tunneled to reach the mining opposite section, the mining single section and the mining back section, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the whole tunneling process of the lower coal seam working face roadway is ensured, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) excavating opposite sections: in the later stage, the mining disturbance of the working surface of the upper coal seam is large, and the laneway of the working surface of the lower coal seam is reinforced and supported by the combination of an anchor rod and an anchor rope with high pretightening force; wherein the top plate and the two side walls of the tunnel are ensured to be respectively 9m per time 2 At least one anchor cable is arranged, and the heading distance of the roadway tunneling on the coal seam working face is not more than 20m after the anchor cable lags behind, so that the situation that the anchor cable is not supported timely, the pressure of deep surrounding rock is relieved, cracks or separation layers are generated, and the supporting effect is reduced;
length L of the anchor cable Anchor ＝L 1 +1, ensure anchor cable anchorage section in complete surrounding rock areaWithin a domain;
after the roadway is subjected to the supporting measures, reinforcing angle anchor rods are additionally arranged at each side angle, and the anchor rods and the anchor cables are respectively connected by reinforcing steel bar ladder beams which are arranged in parallel to the axis of the roadway;
digging a single section: the mining of the working face of the upper coal seam at this stage has great influence on the stability of the laneway of the working face of the lower coal seam, and the laneway L of the working face of the lower coal seam Stop at +L Compound medicine Reinforcing and supporting are carried out within the range, and the supporting measures are as follows:
when the working face of the upper coal seam is normally stoped and the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops tunneling: in the stage, only the working face of the upper coal seam is mined, a plurality of single pillars are symmetrically arranged from the head to the back of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam along the central axis of the roadway, and are matched with the pi steel beam to carry out reinforced support, so that each group of support structures at least comprises one pi steel beam and two single pillars, the row spacing between two adjacent single pillars is not more than 2m, and the length of the reinforcing area of each single pillar is larger than the influence range of the advanced supporting pressure of the working face of the upper coal seam;
stopping the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam, and normally tunneling the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam: stopping the extraction of the working face, normally tunneling a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam, continuously arranging a single prop and a pi steel beam along with the tunneling machine at the section, and additionally installing an anchor rope in the middle of the erected single prop to improve the supporting strength of the roadway;
(3) excavating a back section of the phase: when the roadway driving head-on of the working face of the lower coal seam is not influenced by the mining supporting stress of the upper working face at the stage, the supporting distance between the anchor rod and the anchor rope is increased according to the supporting condition of the previous stage, so that the roadway driving speed is increased.
Further, the daily advancing amount s of the working face of the upper coal seam is determined in the back section of the mining phase 2 And dismantling the single prop close to the roadway driving head of the lower coal seam working face and moving the single prop to a position close to a single mining section for laying the single prop at a corresponding distance, so as to ensure that the roadway section influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam working face is always in a strengthened supporting state.
And further, performing roadway support on the lower coal seam working face roadway tunneled in the original rock stress area determined in the step one by adopting conventional support measures according to surrounding rock conditions.
Further, the arrangement form of the single-body pillars and the pi-shaped steel beams in the third step comprises that each group of supporting structures consists of one pi-shaped steel beam and two single-body pillars, or each group of supporting structures consists of one pi-shaped steel beam and three single-body pillars, or each group of supporting structures consists of one pi-shaped steel beam and four single-body pillars, and the supporting structures are selected for use according to the specific conditions of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the working face extraction of the upper coal layer and simultaneously tunnels the working face tunnel of the lower coal layer, and the tunneling of the working face tunnel of the lower coal layer is divided into tunneling in a raw rock stress area and tunneling in a mining induced stress area from the space, and the tunneling in the raw rock stress area is not influenced by the working face extraction of the upper coal layer, so that the conventional support measures can be adopted to support the tunneling of the part; secondly, according to the time relation between the tunneling of a lower coal seam working face roadway and the back mining of an upper coal seam working face, the tunneling in a mining stress area is divided into three stages, namely a tunneling opposite section, a tunneling single section and a tunneling opposite back section, then the stopping distance and the re-tunneling distance of the lower coal seam working face roadway are determined through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and mine pressure observation, the specific positions of all the stages are further determined according to the stopping distance and the re-tunneling distance, then when the lower coal seam working face roadway is tunneled, when reaching all the positions and enters the three stages, specific support measures are adopted for supporting the characteristics of influence of the mining stress on each stage, and finally, in the whole tunneling process of the lower coal seam working face roadway, the surrounding rock stability of the roadway under the influence of the mining stress is ensured, and the roadway speed after the influence of the mining stress is accelerated; meanwhile, the roadway surrounding rock supporting measures are parameterized, so that the whole surrounding rock control method has wide adaptability and engineering practice; and when the working face of the upper coal seam is mined, the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is also subjected to tunneling construction, and the mining work of the working face of the lower coal seam can be directly carried out at the moment, so that the problem of tension in mining succession relation is effectively solved, and the safe and stable production of the working face is continuously ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the space division of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower coal seam face roadway in the present invention divided into stages in time;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the support of the single prop when supporting the back section of the mining phase in the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting a coal mine to be excavated with a close-distance coal seam group, wherein the coal seam close to the ground in two adjacent layers is an upper coal seam, the other layer is a lower coal seam, then the upper coal seam is used as a first coal seam, the working face mining of the upper coal seam is started, and a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is excavated while the working face mining of the upper coal seam is carried out, and specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, the tunneling is spatially divided into tunneling in a virgin rock stress area and tunneling in a mining stress area according to the tunneling process of the working face of the upper coal seam and the tunneling process of the working face of the lower coal seam; the mining stress area refers to the roadway arrangement range of the roadway excavation of the working face of the lower coal seam, which is influenced by the supporting pressure of the working face of the upper coal seam; the original rock stress area is an area where the roadway driving of the working face of the lower coal seam is not influenced by the mining of the working face of the upper coal seam; the mining stress area and the original rock stress area are divided according to the well-known technical means of the industry; the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam tunneled in the original rock stress area is not influenced by the mining of the working face of the upper coal seam, so the normal mining of the working face of the upper coal seam and the normal tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are carried out in the same direction, and the roadway is supported by adopting the conventional support measure in the tunneling process according to the surrounding rock conditions;
wherein, the tunneling in the mining stress area is divided into three stages according to the time in the process of the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the normal tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam as a mining opposite section when the heading is carried out simultaneously; defining the working face of the upper coal seam as a single digging section when the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops digging or the working face of the upper coal seam stops digging; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam as a back section of a mining phase when the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the normal tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are carried out simultaneously;
step two, as shown in fig. 2, mining on the working face of the upper coal seam and tunneling on the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are started according to the division of the step one, the stopping distance and the re-tunneling distance of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are determined through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and mine pressure observation in the process, and then the specific position of each stage in the step one is determined according to the stopping distance and the re-tunneling distance, wherein the stopping distance is the horizontal distance between the working face of the upper coal seam and the head of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam when the working face of the upper coal seam is not mined above the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam but the supporting pressure brought by mining on the working face of the upper coal seam reaches the head of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam; the re-excavation distance is the horizontal distance between the upper coal seam working face and the lower coal seam working face roadway head when the supporting pressure brought by the upper coal seam working face mining has no influence on the lower coal seam working face roadway excavation head-on after the upper coal seam working face passes through the upper part of the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on and is mined for a certain distance above the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on; wherein the determining process of the digging stopping distance and the digging returning distance is as follows:
stopping digging distance: l is Stop at ＝6×k×M+t 1 ×s 1
Wherein k is a layer interval influence coefficient,
h is the interval between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, M is the mining height of the upper coal seam, and the units are M and t 1 The stable time of tunneling the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is expressed in units of d, s 1 The average daily excavation amount of the roadway is expressed in m/d, and the formula t 1 Determining according to the ore pressure observation result;
the mine pressure observation adopts monitoring of the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the working surface of the lower coal seam, the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable and peeping of a drill hole, wherein the depth L of the drill hole is more than L 1 In the formula, L1 is the fracture and bed separation depth of the surrounding rock; tunneling stabilization time t 1 ＝t 2 +t 3 ，t 2 The deformation speed of the tunnel of the working face of the lower coal seam from excavation to surrounding rock is less than 10mmD, if the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable reaches the breaking limit, the support measures of the anchor rod and the anchor cable need to be additionally taken, and at the moment, t 3 In order to supplement the time of the support measures, if the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable does not reach the breaking limit, t is 3 ＝0；
Roadway re-digging distance: l is Compound medicine ＝60+t 4 ×s 2
In the formula, t 4 The time that the surrounding rock deformation speed of the roadway on the working face of the lower coal seam is less than 10mm/d after the working face of the upper coal seam pushes 60m above the roadway head of the working face of the lower coal seam is represented by d, s 2 The daily pushing amount of the working face of the upper coal layer is expressed in m/d;
in the above formula, 60m is a safety distance determined to avoid that the tunneling head of the roadway head of the lower coal seam working face is influenced by overlarge lagging support pressure of the working face, and if the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway head of the lower coal seam working face is smaller than 10mm/d when the horizontal distance between the tunneling head of the upper coal seam working face and the tunneling head of the lower coal seam working face does not reach 60m, t is 4 ＝0；
Step three, according to the specific position of each stage determined in the step two, different support modes are respectively adopted when the lower coal seam working face roadway is tunneled to reach the mining opposite section, the mining single section and the mining back section, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the whole tunneling process of the lower coal seam working face roadway is ensured, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) excavating opposite sections: in the later stage, the mining disturbance of the working surface of the upper coal seam is large, and the roadway of the working surface of the lower coal seam is supported and protected by the combination of an anchor rod and an anchor rope with high pretightening force; wherein the top plate and the two side walls of the tunnel are ensured to be respectively 9m per time 2 At least one anchor cable is arranged, and the heading distance of the roadway tunneling on the coal seam working face is not more than 20m after the anchor cable lags behind, so that the situation that the anchor cable is not supported timely, the pressure of deep surrounding rock is relieved, cracks or separation layers are generated, and the supporting effect is reduced;
length L of the anchor cable Anchor ＝L 1 +1, ensuring that the anchor cable anchoring section is in the complete surrounding rock area;
after the roadway is subjected to the supporting measures, filling corner anchor rods at corners of each corner, and respectively connecting the anchor rods and the anchor cables by using reinforcing steel bar ladder beams arranged parallel to the axis of the roadway;
digging a single section: the mining of the working face of the upper coal seam at the stage has great influence on the stability of the laneway of the working face of the lower coal seam and on the laneway L of the working face of the lower coal seam Stop at +L Compound medicine Reinforcing and supporting are carried out within the range, and the supporting measures are as follows:
when the working face of the upper coal seam is normally stoped and the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops tunneling: in the stage, only the working face of the upper coal seam is mined, a plurality of single pillars are symmetrically arranged from the head of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam to the back along the central axis of the roadway, and are matched with pi steel beams to carry out reinforced support, the arrangement form of the single pillars and the pi steel beams comprises that each group of support structures consists of one pi steel beam and two single pillars, or each group of support structures consists of one pi steel beam and three single pillars, or each group of support structures consists of one pi steel beam and four single pillars, and the single pillars are selected for use according to the specific conditions of the surrounding rocks of the roadway; the row spacing between two adjacent single supports is not more than 2m, and the length of the single support reinforcing area is larger than the influence range of the advance supporting pressure of the upper coal seam working surface;
stopping the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and normally tunneling a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam: stopping the extraction of the working face, normally tunneling a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam, continuously arranging a single prop and a pi steel beam along with the tunneling machine at the section, and additionally installing an anchor rope in the middle of the erected single prop to improve the supporting strength of the roadway;
(3) excavating a back section of the phase: when the roadway excavation head-on of the working face of the lower coal seam is not influenced by the mining supporting stress of the upper working face at this stage, the supporting distance between the anchor rod and the anchor rope is increased according to the supporting condition of the previous stage, so that the roadway excavation speed is increased; as shown in fig. 3, according to the daily push s of the working face of the upper coal seam 2 And dismantling the single prop close to the roadway driving head of the lower coal seam working face and moving the single prop to a position close to a single mining section for laying the single prop at a corresponding distance, so as to ensure that the roadway section influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam working face is always in a strengthened supporting state.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for controlling surrounding rock of a short-distance coal seam mining and taking over roadway is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting a coal mine to be excavated with a close-distance coal seam group, wherein the coal seam close to the ground in two adjacent layers is an upper coal seam, the other layer is a lower coal seam, then the upper coal seam is used as a first coal seam, the working face mining of the upper coal seam is started, and a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is excavated while the working face mining of the upper coal seam is carried out, and specifically comprises the following steps:
according to the process of upper coal seam working face mining and lower coal seam working face roadway tunneling, tunneling is divided into tunneling in a primary rock stress area and tunneling in a mining stress area from the space;
the tunneling in the mining stress area is divided into three stages in terms of time according to the process of upper coal seam working face mining and lower coal seam working face roadway tunneling; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam as a mining opposite section when the normal heading of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is carried out in opposite directions; defining the working face of the upper coal seam as a single mining section when the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops tunneling or the working face of the upper coal seam stops mining and the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam normally tunnels; defining the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam as a back section of a mining phase when the normal stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam and the normal tunneling of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam are carried out simultaneously;
step two, mining the working face of the upper coal seam and tunneling the working face of the lower coal seam according to the division of the step one, determining the stopping excavation distance and the re-excavation distance of the working face of the lower coal seam through numerical calculation, theoretical analysis and mine pressure observation in the process, and further determining the specific position of each stage in the step one according to the stopping excavation distance and the re-excavation distance, wherein the stopping excavation distance is the horizontal distance between the working face of the upper coal seam and the heading of the working face of the lower coal seam when the working face of the upper coal seam is not mined back to the top of the working face of the lower coal seam but the supporting pressure brought by mining of the working face of the upper coal seam reaches the heading of the working face of the lower coal seam; the re-excavation distance is the horizontal distance between the upper coal seam working face and the lower coal seam working face roadway head when the supporting pressure brought by the upper coal seam working face mining has no influence on the lower coal seam working face roadway excavation head-on after the upper coal seam working face passes through the upper part of the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on and is mined for a certain distance above the lower coal seam working face roadway head-on; wherein the determining process of the digging stopping distance and the digging returning distance is as follows:
stopping digging distance: l is a radical of an alcohol Stop ＝6×k×M+t 1 ×s 1
Wherein k is a layer spacing influence coefficient,
h is the interval between the upper coal seam and the lower coal seam, M is the mining height of the upper coal seam, and the units are M and t 1 The stable time of tunneling the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam is d, s 1 The average daily excavation amount of the roadway is expressed in m/d, and the formula t 1 Determining according to the ore pressure observation result;
the mine pressure observation adopts the mode of monitoring the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam, the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor cable and observing the drilled hole, and the depth L of the drilled hole is more than L 1 In the formula, L 1 The unit is m, wherein the unit is the fracture and the separation depth of the surrounding rock; tunnel driving stabilization time t 1 ＝t 2 +t 3 ，t 2 For the time from excavation of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam to the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of less than 10mm/d, if the stress of the anchor rod and the anchor rope reaches the breaking limit, the supporting measures of the anchor rod and the anchor rope need to be implemented, and at the moment, t 3 In order to supplement the time of support measures, if the stress of anchor rod and anchor rope does not reach the breaking limit, t 3 ＝0；
And (3) re-digging distance of the roadway: l is Compound medicine ＝60+t 4 ×s 2
In the formula, t 4 The deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway of the lower coal seam working face is less than 10mm/d after the upper coal seam working face pushes 60m above the head of the roadway of the lower coal seam working face, and the unit is d, s 2 The daily pushing amount of the working face of the upper coal layer is expressed in m/d;
the upper formula is 60m, which is a safety distance determined to avoid the influence of too large lagging support pressure on the working face heading head of the lower coal seam,if the deformation speed of the surrounding rock of the roadway on the lower coal seam working face is less than 10mm/d when the horizontal distance between the upper coal seam working face and the head of the roadway on the lower coal seam working face does not reach 60m, then t is 4 ＝0；
Step three, according to the specific positions of the stages determined in the step two, different support modes are adopted when the lower coal seam working face roadway is tunneled to reach the mining opposite section, the mining single section and the mining back-to-back section respectively, so that the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway in the whole tunneling process of the lower coal seam working face roadway is ensured, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) excavating opposite sections: the roadway is supported and protected by the combination of an anchor rod and an anchor cable with high pretightening force; wherein the top plate and two side walls of the roadway are ensured to be 9m each 2 At least one anchor cable is arranged, and the heading distance of the roadway excavation of the coal seam working face is not more than 20m after the anchor cable is lagged behind;
length L of the anchor cable Anchor ＝L 1 +1, ensuring that the anchor cable anchoring section is in the complete surrounding rock area;
after the roadway is subjected to the supporting measures, reinforcing angle anchor rods are additionally arranged at each side angle, and the anchor rods and the anchor cables are respectively connected by reinforcing steel bar ladder beams which are arranged in parallel to the axis of the roadway;
(2) digging a single section: to lower coal seam working face roadway L Stop at +L Compound medicine Reinforcing and supporting are carried out within the range, and the supporting measures are as follows:
when the working face of the upper coal seam is normally stoped and the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam stops tunneling: in the stage, only the working face of the upper coal seam is mined, a plurality of single pillars are symmetrically arranged from the head to the back of the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam along the central axis of the roadway, and are matched with the pi steel beam to carry out reinforced support, so that each group of support structures at least comprises one pi steel beam and two single pillars, the row spacing between two adjacent single pillars is not more than 2m, and the length of the reinforcing area of each single pillar is larger than the influence range of the advanced supporting pressure of the working face of the upper coal seam;
stopping the stoping of the working face of the upper coal seam, and normally tunneling the roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam: stopping the stoping of the working face, normally tunneling a roadway of the working face of the lower coal seam, continuously arranging a single support and a pi steel beam along with a tunneling machine at the section, and additionally installing an anchor rope in the middle of the erected single support to improve the supporting strength of the roadway;
(3) excavating a back section of the phase: and in the stage, the roadway tunneling head-on of the lower coal seam working face is not influenced by the mining supporting stress of the upper coal seam working face, and the supporting distance between the anchor rod and the anchor rope is increased according to the supporting condition of a single mining section, so that the tunneling speed of the roadway is increased.
2. The method for controlling surrounding rock of a short-distance coal seam mining and replacing roadway according to claim 1, wherein the daily pushing amount s of the working face of the upper coal seam in the back section of the mining phase is determined according to the daily pushing amount s of the working face of the upper coal seam 2 And detaching the single prop close to the roadway driving head of the lower coal seam working face and moving the single prop to a position close to one section of the mining single section to lay the single prop with a corresponding distance, so that the roadway section influenced by the mining of the upper coal seam working face is always in a reinforced supporting state.
3. The method for controlling surrounding rock of a short-distance coal seam mining and replacing roadway according to claim 1, wherein the roadway of the lower coal seam working face excavated in the original rock stress area determined in the step one is supported by adopting conventional supporting measures according to surrounding rock conditions.
4. The method for controlling the surrounding rock of the short-distance coal seam mining and replacing roadway according to claim 1, wherein the arrangement form of the single-body support columns and the pi-steel beams in the third step comprises that each group of support structures consists of one pi-steel beam and two single-body supports, or each group of support structures consists of one pi-steel beam and three single-body supports, or each group of support structures consists of one pi-steel beam and four single-body supports, and the support structures are selected according to the specific conditions of the surrounding rock of the roadway.
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