CN114183123A - Drilling simulation experiment device and experiment method - Google Patents
Drilling simulation experiment device and experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114183123A CN114183123A CN202111540958.6A CN202111540958A CN114183123A CN 114183123 A CN114183123 A CN 114183123A CN 202111540958 A CN202111540958 A CN 202111540958A CN 114183123 A CN114183123 A CN 114183123A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000746 body region Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000191291 Abies alba Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling simulation experiment device and an experiment method, which comprise the following steps: the water body area is positioned above the soil body area; the simulated drilling mechanism extends into the box body; the environment simulation mechanism is connected with the box body; and the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the simulated drilling mechanism. According to the drilling simulation experiment device, the environment which is the same as the actual drilling place is formed in the box body through the environment simulation mechanism, and the simulated drilling is performed through the simulated drilling mechanism in the same environment, so that the stress condition of the drilling mechanism in the actual drilling process can be researched according to the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism in the simulated drilling process, therefore, the accuracy of theoretical research can be verified through the drilling simulation experiment performed through the drilling simulation experiment device, and meanwhile, technical support can be provided for actual drilling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deepwater drilling, in particular to a drilling simulation experiment device and an experiment method.
Background
In the last 10 years, over 1 hundred million tons of large oil and gas fields with reserves are discovered, 60 percent of the large oil and gas fields come from deep water or ultra-deep water, and deep water oil and gas becomes a main growth point and a high point of technological innovation of the world petroleum industry. The deep water drilling is complicated in environment, large in water depth and high in temperature and pressure at the bottom of a well, and brings about not less challenge to the deep water drilling.
In the deepwater drilling process, the friction force between the drilling equipment and the soil body, the load borne by the drilling equipment, the structure of the soil body and the like can be changed, so that the changes are unknown, a lot of obstacles are brought to actual deepwater drilling, and the whole life cycle of production of deepwater oil and gas wells can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a well simulation experiment device and an experiment method, which aim to solve the technical problem that in the actual deepwater drilling process, a lot of obstacles are brought by the stress change of drilling equipment and the unknown structure change of a soil body.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a drilling simulation experiment device, comprising: the water body area is positioned above the soil body area; the simulated drilling mechanism extends into the box body; the environment simulation mechanism is connected with the box body; and the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the simulated drilling mechanism.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the environment simulation mechanism includes a temperature control structure, the temperature control structure includes a heating box, and the heating box is sleeved on the box body.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the environment simulation mechanism comprises a pressure control structure, and the pressure control structure is communicated with the water body area.
In an embodiment of the invention, the pressure control structure comprises a high-pressure circulating pump, a water outlet pipeline and a water inlet pipeline, and two ends of the high-pressure circulating pump are respectively communicated with the water body area through the water outlet pipeline and the water inlet pipeline to form the high-pressure circulating pipeline.
In an embodiment of the invention, the simulated drilling mechanism comprises a lowering structure and a power structure, the power structure is connected with the lowering structure, the power structure is used for driving the lowering structure to be lowered, the lowering structure extends into the cavity, and the lowering structure is electrically connected with the data acquisition module.
In an embodiment of the invention, the running structure comprises a simulation conduit, a simulation drill rod and a simulation drill bit, the simulation conduit is located in the cavity, the simulation drill bit is installed at the bottom of the simulation drill rod, the bottom of the simulation drill rod extends to the bottom of the simulation conduit, the simulation drill rod is connected with the top of the simulation conduit, and the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the outer wall surface of the simulation conduit through a detection structure.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the power structure includes a drilling hydraulic cylinder and a drilling pressure control module, an inner cavity of the drilling hydraulic cylinder is separated by a first piston structure to form a first rod cavity and a first rod-free cavity, a top of the lowering structure is connected to the first piston structure, and the drilling pressure control module is configured to apply pressure to the first rod-free cavity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the drilling hydraulic cylinder is further provided with a throttling and speed adjusting structure, the throttling and speed adjusting structure includes a first return pipeline, a first throttle valve, a first overflow pipeline, a first overflow valve and a first delivery pump, the first throttle valve is installed on the first return pipeline, the first overflow valve is installed on the first overflow pipeline, and two ends of the first delivery pump are respectively communicated with the first rodless cavity and the first rod cavity through the first return pipeline and the first overflow pipeline to form a throttling and speed adjusting loop.
In an embodiment of the invention, the drilling simulation experiment device further comprises a vibration mechanism, the vibration mechanism extends into the water body area and is arranged close to the soil body area, and the vibration mechanism is connected with the simulated drilling mechanism.
In an embodiment of the invention, the vibration mechanism comprises a vibrator and a vibration control structure, the vibrator comprises a vibration fixing ring, an elastic vibration piece and a vibration hydraulic cylinder, an inner cavity of the vibration hydraulic cylinder is separated by a second piston structure to form a second rod cavity and a second rodless cavity, the vibration fixing ring is sleeved on the simulation drilling mechanism and is connected with the second piston structure through the elastic vibration piece, and two ends of the vibration control structure are respectively communicated with the second rodless cavity and the second rod cavity.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the vibration control structure includes a second return line, a second throttle valve, a second overflow line, a second overflow valve, and a second delivery pump, the second throttle valve is installed on the second return line, the second overflow valve is installed on the second overflow line, and two ends of the second delivery pump are respectively communicated with the second rodless cavity and the second rod cavity through the second return line and the second overflow line to form a vibration regulation loop.
The invention also provides a drilling simulation experiment method, which comprises the following steps: soil with the same structure as that of the actual drilling site is filled in the box body; filling the water body with the same structure as the water body above the actual drilling ground above the soil body in the box body; simulating the same environment in the box body according to the environmental characteristics of the actual drilling site; and performing simulated drilling in the soil body in the box body through the simulated drilling mechanism, and detecting the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism in the drilling process.
In an embodiment of the invention, when the simulated drilling mechanism performs simulated drilling in the soil body in the box body, the simulated drilling mechanism is vibrated at a wellhead position by the vibration mechanism.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
according to the drilling simulation experiment device, the environment which is the same as the actual drilling place is formed in the box body through the environment simulation mechanism, and the simulated drilling is performed through the simulated drilling mechanism in the same environment, so that the stress condition of the drilling mechanism in the actual drilling process can be researched according to the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism in the simulated drilling process, therefore, the accuracy of theoretical research can be verified through the drilling simulation experiment performed through the drilling simulation experiment device, and meanwhile, technical support can be provided for actual drilling.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drilling simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention when a simulated drilling is started.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the drilling simulation experiment apparatus of the present invention when simulated drilling is completed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the box body and the simulated drilling mechanism of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the box and the vibrating mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a drilling simulation experiment method of the present invention.
In the figure:
1. a box body; 11. a water body zone; 12. a soil region; 2. simulating a drilling mechanism; 21. a run-in structure; 211. simulating a catheter; 212. simulating a drill rod; 213. simulating a drill bit; 22. a power structure; 221. a drilling hydraulic cylinder; 2211. a first piston structure; 2212. a first rod chamber; 2213. a first rod-less chamber; 222. a drilling pressure control module; 223. a throttling and speed regulating loop; 2231. a first return line; 2232. a first throttle valve; 2233. a first overflow line; 2234. a first overflow valve; 2235. a first delivery pump; 2236. a first filter valve; 3. an environment simulation mechanism; 31. a temperature control structure; 311. a heating box; 32. a pressure control structure; 321. a high pressure circulation pump; 322. a water outlet pipeline; 323. a water inlet pipeline; 4. a data acquisition module; 41. detecting the structure; 411. a strain gauge; 5. a vibration mechanism; 51. a vibrator; 511. vibrating the fixed ring; 512. an elastic vibrating member; 513. a vibration hydraulic cylinder; 5131. a second piston structure; 5132. a second rodless cavity; 5133. a second rod chamber; 52. a vibration control structure; 521. a second return line; 522. a second filter valve; 523. a second throttle valve; 524. a second delivery pump; 525. a second overflow valve; 526. a second overflow line.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Implementation mode one
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present invention provides a drilling simulation experiment apparatus, including: the water-saving device comprises a box body 1, wherein a cavity is formed in the box body, an earth area 12 and a water area 11 are formed in the cavity, and the water area 11 is positioned above the earth area 12; the simulation well drilling mechanism 2 extends into the box body 1; the environment simulation mechanism 3 is connected with the box body 1; and the data acquisition module 4 is electrically connected with the simulation drilling mechanism 2.
Because the cost of real-condition drilling is very high and a large amount of manpower and time are consumed, the drilling simulation experiment device can simulate the real condition, shorten the experiment time, save the manpower and also can predict and refer to the real drilling. According to the drilling simulation experiment device, the environment which is the same as the actual drilling place is formed in the box body 1 through the environment simulation mechanism 3, and the simulated drilling is performed through the simulated drilling mechanism 2 under the same environment, so that the stress condition of the drilling mechanism in the actual drilling process can be researched according to the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism 2 in the simulated drilling process, therefore, the accuracy of theoretical research can be verified through the drilling simulation experiment performed through the drilling simulation experiment device, and meanwhile, technical support can be provided for the actual drilling.
Specifically, the box body 1 is made of a material resistant to high temperature and high pressure, and has good sealing performance. Soil with the same structure as that of the actual drilling site is put into the box body 1 to form a soil area 12, and a water body with the same structure as that of the actual drilling site is filled above the soil to form a water body area 11. The depth of the simulated well is reduced according to the actual depth of the well in a certain proportion, and the depth of the soil body area 12 in the box body 1 is larger than the depth of the well to be simulated.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the environment simulation mechanism 3 includes a temperature control structure 31, the temperature control structure 31 includes a heating box 311, and the heating box 311 is sleeved on the box 1. The temperature inside the casing 1 is controlled by the temperature control structure 31 to simulate the same environment as the temperature of the actual drilling site in the casing 1. Specifically, the temperature control structure 31 further includes a data indicator connected to the box 1, the data indicator displays the temperature in the box 1, and then adjusts the heating box 311 according to the temperature, so that the temperature in the box 1 reaches the temperature required by the experiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the environmental simulation mechanism 3 includes a pressure control structure 32, and the pressure control structure 32 is in communication with the water body region 11. The pressure inside the tank 1 is controlled by the pressure control structure 32 to simulate the same environment in the tank 1 as the actual drilling ground pressure. Specifically, the pressure control structure 32 includes a high-pressure circulation pump 321, a water outlet pipeline 322 and a water inlet pipeline 323, and two ends of the high-pressure circulation pump 321 are respectively communicated with the water body region 11 through the water outlet pipeline 322 and the water inlet pipeline 323 to form the high-pressure circulation pipeline. The water in the water body 11 of the tank 1 flows into the high pressure circulating pump 321 through the water outlet pipe 322 to be pressurized, and the pressurized water flows back to the water body 11 through the water inlet pipe 323 again, so that the tank 1 is continuously filled with high pressure water, thereby simulating a high pressure environment in the simulation tank 1. The pressure in the tank 1 is controlled by controlling the power of the high-pressure circulation pump 321. The embodiment can simulate the water depth of 5000m, namely the underwater condition that the pressure of an actual drilling site is 70 MPa.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the simulated drilling mechanism 2 includes a lowering structure 21 and a power structure 22, the power structure 22 is connected to the lowering structure 21, the power structure 22 is used for driving the lowering structure 21 to lower, the lowering structure 21 extends into the cavity, and the lowering structure 21 is electrically connected to the data acquisition module 4. The power structure 22 drives the descending structure 21 to descend into the water body and the soil body of the box body 1 in sequence, and therefore simulated drilling is conducted in the soil body. The data acquisition module 4 detects and acquires the stress data of the descending structure 21 in the descending process to the soil body.
As shown in fig. 3, the running structure 21 includes a simulation conduit 211, a simulation drill pipe 212 and a simulation drill bit 213, the simulation conduit 211 is located in the chamber, the simulation drill bit 213 is installed at the bottom of the simulation drill pipe 212, the bottom of the simulation drill pipe 212 extends to the bottom of the simulation conduit 211, the simulation drill pipe 212 is connected to the top of the simulation conduit 211, and the data acquisition module 4 is electrically connected to the outer wall surface of the simulation conduit 211 through the detection structure 41. The simulation drill rod 212, the simulation guide pipe 211 and the simulation drill bit 213 are driven by the power structure 22 to descend to the bottom of the water body area 11, the simulation drill rod 212, the simulation guide pipe 211 and the simulation drill bit 213 are driven by the power structure 22 to descend, and the simulation drill rod 212 is driven to rotate, so that the simulation drill bit 213 drills downwards into the soil body. In particular, the dimensions of the mock conduit 211, mock drill pipe 212, and mock drill bit 213 are reduced on the same scale as the dimensions of the actual drilled conduit, drill pipe, and drill bit. The detecting structure 41 includes a plurality of strain gauges 411, the plurality of strain gauges 411 are arranged on the outer wall surface of the simulated conduit 211 at intervals along the axial direction of the conduit, in fig. 3, in order to better illustrate the installation position of the strain gauge 411, the size of the strain gauge 411 is enlarged, and the actual size of the strain gauge is smaller than the gap between the simulated conduit 211 and the vibration fixing ring 511, so that the descending of the simulated conduit 211 is not hindered. In the process of installing the simulation conduit 211 and descending to the soil body, the strain gauge 411 is in contact with the soil body, so that the stress condition between the simulation conduit 211 and the soil body is detected. Specifically, the axial stress distribution at the outer wall surface of the simulated conduit 211 can be measured by the plurality of strain gauges 411, and the relationship between the stability of the simulated conduit 211 and the soil environment can be analyzed according to the axial stress distribution. Optionally, the running structure 21 further comprises a dummy casing. After the simulation guide pipe 211 is lowered into the soil body, the simulation drill pipe 212 is separated from the simulation guide pipe 211, the simulation casing pipe is connected with the simulation drill pipe 212, the simulation casing pipe is driven to be lowered to the target depth from the simulation guide pipe 211 through the simulation drill pipe 212, and a detection structure electrically connected with the data acquisition module 4 is also arranged on the outer wall surface of the simulation casing pipe so as to detect the stress condition between the simulation casing pipe and the simulation guide pipe 211.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, the power structure 22 includes a drilling pressure cylinder 221 and a drilling pressure control module 222, an inner cavity of the drilling pressure cylinder 221 is separated by a first piston structure 2211 to form a first rod cavity 2212 and a first rod cavity 2213, the top of the lowering structure 21 is connected to the first piston structure 2211, and the drilling pressure control module 222 is used for controlling the pressure of the first rod cavity 2213. The pressure of the module 222 is controlled by the drilling pressure to control the pressure of the run in structure 21 drilling down the earth.
Specifically, the power structure 22 further includes a motor, and the top of the lowering structure 21 is connected to the first piston structure 2211 through the motor, and the lowering structure 21 is driven to rotate by the motor. The first piston structure 2211 comprises a first piston in sealing sliding fit with an inner cavity of the drilling hydraulic cylinder 221 and a first piston rod connected with the first piston and extending out of the first rod-containing cavity 2212, the motor is in sealing connection with the first piston rod, the drill rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor, pressure is applied to the first rod-free cavity 2213 through the drilling hydraulic cylinder 221, so that the first piston structure 2211 slides downwards, the motor and the downward entering structure 21 sequentially enter the first piston structure, the motor is started after the first piston structure descends to the bottom of the water body area 11, the simulation drill rod 212 is driven to rotate through the motor, meanwhile, pressure is continuously applied to the first rod-free cavity 2213 through the drilling hydraulic cylinder 221, and drilling pressure is achieved, and therefore the simulation drill bit 213 drills downwards in a soil body. The drilling pressure control module 222 includes a hydraulic pump that is connected to the first rod chamber 2213 by a connecting line to deliver hydraulic oil into the first rod chamber 2213.
As shown in fig. 3, the drilling hydraulic cylinder 221 is further provided with a throttling and speed-adjusting structure, the throttling and speed-adjusting structure includes a first return pipe 2231, a first throttling valve 2232, a first overflow pipe 2233, a first overflow valve 2234 and a first delivery pump 2235, the first throttling valve 2232 is installed on the first return pipe 2231, the first overflow valve 2234 is installed on the first overflow pipe 2233, and two ends of the first delivery pump 2235 are respectively communicated with the first non-rod cavity 2213 and the first rod cavity 2212 through the first return pipe 2231 and the first overflow pipe 2233 to form the throttling and speed-adjusting circuit 223. When the drilling pressure control module 222 conveys hydraulic oil into the first rod-free cavity 2213 and reaches the drilling pressure, the first piston structure 2211 slides downwards, meanwhile, the hydraulic oil in the first rod-containing cavity 2212 overflows into the first conveying pump 2235 through the overflow pipeline, the hydraulic oil output by the first conveying pump 2235 returns to the first rod-free cavity 2213 through the first return pipeline 2231, the flow rate in the throttling speed regulation loop 223 is adjusted through the first conveying pump 2235, and meanwhile, the flow rate is controlled through the first throttling valve 2232, so that the descending speed of the descending structure 21 driven by the first piston structure 2211 under the drilling pressure is controlled. In addition, a first filter valve 2236 is installed between the first throttle valve 2232 and the first transfer pump 2235 to filter impurities in the hydraulic oil in the throttle speed control circuit 223.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 4, the drilling simulation experiment device further comprises a vibration mechanism 5, the vibration mechanism 5 extends into the water body area 11 and is arranged close to the soil body area 12, and the vibration mechanism 5 is connected with the simulation drilling mechanism 2. In the whole life cycle of the deepwater oil and gas well, the guide pipe can vibrate due to structures such as an underwater Christmas tree, an auxiliary production manifold and the like, therefore, the vibration mechanism 5 is arranged at the position close to the soil body area 12, so that the vibration mechanism 5 vibrates the simulation drilling mechanism at the wellhead position of the drilling after the simulation drilling mechanism 2 is lowered into the soil body to complete the simulation drilling, the influence of the vibration on the stress of the simulation drilling mechanism 2 is further detected, and the influence law of the vibration on the bearing capacity of the guide pipe in the production process of the deepwater oil and gas well is researched.
As shown in fig. 4, the vibration mechanism 5 includes a vibrator 51 and a vibration control structure 52, the vibrator 51 includes a vibration fixing ring 511, an elastic vibration member 512 and a vibration hydraulic cylinder 513, an inner cavity of the vibration hydraulic cylinder 513 is partitioned by a second piston structure 5131 to form a second rod cavity 5133 and a second rodless cavity 5132, the vibration fixing ring 511 is sleeved on the simulated drilling mechanism 2, the vibration fixing ring 511 is connected with the second piston structure 5131 through the elastic vibration member 512, and the vibration control structure 52 is used for controlling the pressure in the second rodless cavity 5132. When the pressure in the second rodless chamber 5132 is greater than the elastic force of the elastic vibration element 512, the second piston structure 5131 pushes the elastic vibration element 512 to compress, so that the vibration fixing ring 511 moves toward the side close to the pseudo drilling mechanism 2, and when the pressure in the second rodless chamber 5132 is less than the elastic force of the elastic vibration element 512, the second piston structure 5131 moves toward the second rodless chamber 5132 by the elastic vibration element 512, so that the vibration fixing ring 511 moves toward the side away from the pseudo drilling mechanism 2, therefore, the second piston structure 5131 can reciprocate in the inner chamber of the vibration hydraulic cylinder 513 by controlling the pressure in the second rodless chamber 5132 by the vibration control structure 52, so that the vibration fixing ring 511 vibrates the pseudo drilling mechanism 2. Specifically, the vibration fixing ring 511 is sleeved on the simulated catheter 211, and a gap is formed between the vibration fixing ring 511 and the simulated catheter 211 when the vibration fixing ring is not vibrated. The second piston structure 5131 includes a second piston and a second piston rod, the second piston is in a sealing sliding fit with the inner cavity of the vibration hydraulic cylinder 513, one end of the second piston rod is connected to the second piston, and the other end of the second piston rod is connected to the vibration fixing ring 511 via the elastic vibration member 512.
As shown in fig. 4, the vibration control structure 52 includes a second return line 521, a second throttling valve 523, a second overflow line 526, a second overflow valve 525 and a second delivery pump 524, the second throttling valve 523 is installed on the second return line 521, the second overflow valve 525 is installed on the second overflow line 526, and two ends of the second delivery pump 524 are respectively communicated with the second rodless chamber 5132 through the second return line 521 and the second overflow line 526 to form a vibration regulation loop. A second filter valve 522 is further installed between the second delivery pump 524 and the second throttle valve 523, the second delivery pump 524 delivers the hydraulic oil into the second rodless chamber 5132 through the second return line 521 so as to increase the pressure thereof, the second piston structure 5131, the elastic vibration member 512 and the vibration fixing ring 511 move toward the side close to the pseudo drilling mechanism 2, when the pressure increases to a certain value, the hydraulic oil in the second rodless chamber 5132 overflows to the second delivery pump 524 through the second overflow line 526, so that the pressure in the second rodless chamber 5132 becomes small, the second piston structure 5131, the elastic vibrating piece 512, and the vibration fixing ring 511 move toward the side away from the simulated drilling mechanism 2, and the hydraulic oil is output by the second delivery pump 524 and flows back into the second rodless chamber 5132 through the second return line 521, so that the second piston structure 5131 drives the vibration fixing ring 511 to vibrate the pseudo-drilling structure through the vibration elastic member. The flow rate of the hydraulic oil in the vibration control loop is adjusted by the second delivery pump 524, and the flow rate is controlled by the second throttle valve 523, so as to control the speed at which the second piston structure 5131 drives the elastic vibration member 512 and the vibration fixing ring 511 to reciprocate, i.e. the vibration frequency of the vibration mechanism 5. By setting the opening pressure of the second relief valve 525, i.e., the highest pressure that can be achieved by the second rodless chamber 5132, the pressure that the second piston structure 5131 drives the elastic vibrating piece 512 and the vibrating stationary ring 511 to exert on the simulated drilling mechanism 2, i.e., the vibrating load of the vibrating mechanism 5, is controlled. The embodiment can simulate the underwater condition with the vibration frequency of 0.01Hz-10Hz and the vibration load of 0 kN-50 kN.
The drilling simulation experiment device can simulate a deep-water high-temperature and high-pressure environment by adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure circulating pipeline and the temperature of the heating box 311, and can perform a hydraulic jet parameter experiment in the process of putting the deep-water conduit into the deep-water well under the environment so as to research a friction coefficient evolution mechanism under different soil-property mixing conditions and a bearing capacity evolution mechanism in the process of putting the deep-water drilling conduit into the deep-water well; the simulation of the influence law of vibration on the bearing capacity of the guide pipe in the whole life cycle of deep water oil and gas well production can be realized, so that the influence law of vibration on the bearing capacity of the guide pipe in the deep water oil and gas well production process is researched.
The invention can simulate the production load simulation of the whole life cycle of the deepwater oil and gas well by measuring the change of the bearing capacity of the guide pipe, simulating the influence of the vibration of a manifold system and a wellhead on the surface guide pipe caused by the flow of fluid in the whole life cycle production process of the oil and gas well and the influence rule of the generated vibration load on the bearing capacity of the guide pipe.
In the experimental process, the distribution of strain gauges is designed according to different soil layers through which the simulation guide pipe passes, and the relationship between the stability of the guide pipe and the soil environment is analyzed by measuring the stress distribution change condition along the axial direction on the outer wall surface of the guide pipe in real time; the method comprises the steps of measuring and recording the stress distribution on the outer wall surface of a guide pipe along the axial direction in real time by loading different vibration action time, different axial wellhead loads and different temperature fields, further analyzing the influence rule of the vibration dynamic load on the stability of a surface layer guide pipe and an underwater wellhead caused by production flow of a produced liquid in the whole life cycle, comprehensively considering the coupling effect of the temperature field change and the production dynamic load caused by production, and establishing a stability influence rule model of the guide pipe in the whole life cycle of the deepwater guide pipe; finally, an installation technology basic theory system of the deepwater conduit is formed by comparing and verifying the experimental result and the numerical calculation result.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention further provides a drilling simulation experiment method, comprising the following steps: soil with the same structure as that of the actual drilling site is filled in the box body 1; filling a water body with the same structure as the water body above the actual drilling ground above the soil body in the box body 1; according to the environmental characteristics of the actual drilling site, the same environment is simulated in the box body 1; and drilling in the soil body in the box body 1 through the simulated drilling mechanism 2, and detecting the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism 2 in the drilling process. Specifically, the drilling simulation experiment method of the invention is carried out by adopting the drilling simulation experiment device, according to the soil texture and soil layer distribution of the soil texture of the actual drilling site, soil with the same structure, such as clay, sandy soil and bonded sand, is filled in the box body 1, or the soil is laid in layers according to requirements, so as to truly reduce the soil texture condition of the seabed, the upper part of the soil is filled with seawater, and then the temperature and the pressure in the box body 1 are controlled through the environment simulation structure, thereby simulating the marine environment.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the simulated drilling mechanism 2 finishes simulated drilling in soil in the box body 1, the simulated drilling mechanism 2 is vibrated at a wellhead position by the vibration mechanism 5.
The above description is only a few embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention according to the disclosure of the application document without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A drilling simulation experiment device, comprising:
the water body area is positioned above the soil body area;
the simulated drilling mechanism extends into the box body;
the environment simulation mechanism is connected with the box body;
and the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the simulated drilling mechanism.
2. The drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1,
the environment simulation mechanism comprises a temperature control structure, the temperature control structure comprises a heating box, and the heating box is sleeved on the box body.
3. The drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1,
the environment simulation mechanism comprises a pressure control structure, and the pressure control structure is communicated with the water body area.
4. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 3,
the pressure control structure comprises a high-pressure circulating pump, a water outlet pipeline and a water inlet pipeline, and two ends of the high-pressure circulating pump are communicated with the water body area through the water outlet pipeline and the water inlet pipeline respectively to form the high-pressure circulating pipeline.
5. The drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1,
the simulated drilling mechanism comprises a descending structure and a power structure, the power structure is connected with the descending structure, the power structure is used for driving the descending structure to descend, the descending structure extends into the cavity, and the descending structure is electrically connected with the data acquisition module.
6. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 5,
the lower structure comprises a simulation conduit, a simulation drill rod and a simulation drill bit, the simulation conduit is located in the cavity, the simulation drill bit is installed at the bottom of the simulation drill rod, the bottom of the simulation drill rod extends to the bottom of the simulation conduit, the simulation drill rod is connected with the top of the simulation conduit, and the data acquisition module is electrically connected with the outer wall surface of the simulation conduit through the detection structure.
7. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 5,
the power structure comprises a drilling hydraulic cylinder and a drilling pressure control module, an inner cavity of the drilling hydraulic cylinder is separated by a first piston structure to form a first rod cavity and a first rodless cavity, the top of the lowering structure is connected with the first piston structure, and the drilling pressure control module is used for controlling the pressure of the first rodless cavity.
8. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 7,
the drilling hydraulic cylinder is further provided with a throttling speed regulation structure, the throttling speed regulation structure comprises a first return pipeline, a first throttle valve, a first overflow pipeline, a first overflow valve and a first delivery pump, the first throttle valve is installed on the first return pipeline, the first overflow valve is installed on the first return pipeline, and two ends of the first delivery pump are communicated with the first rodless cavity and the first rod cavity through the first return pipeline and the first overflow pipeline respectively to form a throttling speed regulation loop.
9. The drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1,
the drilling simulation experiment device further comprises a vibration mechanism, the vibration mechanism extends into the water body area and is arranged close to the soil body area, and the vibration mechanism is connected with the simulated drilling mechanism.
10. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 9,
the vibration mechanism includes vibrator and vibration control structure, the vibrator includes solid fixed ring of vibration, elastic vibration spare and vibration hydraulic cylinder, vibration hydraulic cylinder's inner chamber is separated through second piston structure and is formed the second and have a pole chamber and a second rodless chamber, the solid fixed ring cover of vibration is located simulation drilling mechanism is last, the solid fixed ring of vibration passes through elastic vibration spare with second piston structure is connected, the vibration control structure is used for control the pressure in the second rodless chamber.
11. The well drilling simulation experiment apparatus of claim 10,
the vibration control structure comprises a second return pipeline, a second throttling valve, a second overflow pipeline, a second overflow valve and a second delivery pump, wherein the second throttling valve is installed on the second return pipeline, the second overflow valve is installed on the second overflow pipeline, and two ends of the second delivery pump are communicated with the second rodless cavity through the second return pipeline and the second overflow pipeline to form a vibration adjusting loop.
12. A drilling simulation experiment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
soil with the same structure as that of the actual drilling site is filled in the box body;
filling a water body with the same structure as the water body above the actual drilling ground above the soil body in the box body;
simulating the same environment in the box body according to the environmental characteristics of the actual drilling site;
and performing simulated drilling in the soil body in the box body through the simulated drilling mechanism, and detecting the stress condition of the simulated drilling mechanism in the drilling process.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the simulated drilling mechanism is vibrated at a wellhead location by a vibration mechanism after completion of simulated drilling in the soil mass in the tank.
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