CN114176173A - Additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs, preparation process and application of additive in laying hen feeding - Google Patents
Additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs, preparation process and application of additive in laying hen feeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114176173A CN114176173A CN202111567124.4A CN202111567124A CN114176173A CN 114176173 A CN114176173 A CN 114176173A CN 202111567124 A CN202111567124 A CN 202111567124A CN 114176173 A CN114176173 A CN 114176173A
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- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 378
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 378
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 376
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 241001061264 Astragalus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000010110 Astragalus glycyphyllos Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
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- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000011649 selenium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 363
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 64
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 51
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 51
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
- 241000213948 Astragalus sinicus Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 244000038280 herbivores Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000008114 Selenoproteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010074686 Selenoproteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940091258 selenium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 310
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 6
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- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000293268 Astragalus chinensis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003748 selenium group Chemical group *[Se]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-n-naphthalen-2-ylnaphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(NC(=O)C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3O)=CC=C21 PMYDPQQPEAYXKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N Selenium-L-methionine Chemical compound C[Se]CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenomethionine Natural products C[Se]CCC(N)C(O)=O RJFAYQIBOAGBLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036983 biotransformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- Botany (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of selenium-rich feed additive production, in particular to an additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs, which comprises selenium-rich milk vetch powder, wherein the content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder in the additive is 10-30%, the granularity of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 60-160 meshes, the water content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 5-9%, and selenium-rich treatment of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is mainly characterized in that under conventional management cultivation, selenium fertilizers are respectively sprayed twice in the jointing stage and the flower and bud stage of milk vetch to obtain selenium-rich milk vetch, and then the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is harvested, dried, crushed and collected to obtain the selenium-rich milk vetch powder; the invention also provides a preparation process of the additive for improving the selenium-rich content of the poultry eggs and application of the additive in laying hen feeding. The invention not only increases the selenium content in the poultry eggs, improves the utilization rate of the raw materials, but also can reduce the feeding cost of the laying hens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production of selenium-rich feed additives, in particular to an additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs, a preparation process and application of the additive in laying hen feeding.
Background
The existence mode of selenium in the nature is divided into two types, namely inorganic selenium and organic selenium: inorganic selenium generally refers to sodium selenite and sodium selenate, and is obtained from by-products of metal mineral reserves; the latter is formed by combining selenium with amino acids through biotransformation, generally in the form of selenomethionine. The selenium-rich pig meat, beef, mutton, milk, poultry meat and eggs and the like produced by pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry bred by the selenium-rich feed contain animal selenium protein which is easy to be absorbed by the human body, and are the best selenium-supplementing functional food for human in the world at present; the livestock and poultry can safely absorb and convert the selenium only by converting feed plants into organic selenoprotein, but most of the feed plants have low organic conversion rate of the selenium, are only green manure, have strong selenium enrichment capacity of the astragalus sinicus serving as the feed, have high organic conversion degree, and are ideal livestock and poultry selenium-rich feed and feed additives.
Therefore, people often add milk vetch as a selenium-rich additive into the feed of livestock and poultry to improve the selenium-rich content in meat and eggs of the livestock and poultry, however, the mode of only adding milk vetch into the feed is single, the selenium-rich effect is poor, and the selenium-rich additive in the feed needs to be further researched and optimized. For example, in the prior art, in a method for producing pollution-free selenium-rich ducks and duck eggs by using a secondary selenium-rich milk vetch conversion technology with patent number CN102067951A, high-yield selenium-rich milk vetch is disclosed as one of the components of the compound feed, the selenium protein content in the ducks and duck eggs is rich and safe and nutritional for eating after the secondary selenium conversion of the milk vetch and the domestic ducks, the selenium content of finished eggs is qualified after detection, and is higher than the control by more than 50% (500 micrograms/kg) through selenium supplement, but it can be seen that the selenium-rich additive only adds the milk vetch, and the selenium content is higher than the control by 50%, and a space for further improvement is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the additive for improving the selenium-rich content of the poultry eggs, which has simple components, low production cost and good selenium-rich effect. In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
an additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs comprises selenium-rich milk vetch powder, wherein the content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder in the additive is 10-30%, the granularity of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 60-160 meshes, the water content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 5% -9%, and the processing mode of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder mainly comprises the following steps:
(01) sowing: sowing the astragalus sinicus seeds in a proper season, wherein the ground cannot be soaked with water during sowing, but the ground is kept moist;
(02) fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, selenium fertilizer is sprayed twice in the growth process of the astragalus sinicus, namely the jointing stage and the flowering and bud stage of the astragalus sinicus, and the amount of the selenium fertilizer sprayed twice is 200-230 mL/mu;
(03) harvesting: after the milk vetch in the step (02) is ripe, harvesting two thirds of the milk vetch on the ground, collecting and airing, and drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain dry milk vetch;
(04) crushing: and (3) putting the dry-base astragalus sinicus obtained in the step (03) into a grinder to be ground until dry-base crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
Preferably, the selenium-enriched milk powder comprises, by percentage, 20-30% of selenium-enriched corn flour, 10-20% of selenium-enriched soybean flour and 20-60% of selenium-enriched common leafflower herb powder, and the particle size and the water content of the selenium-enriched corn flour, the selenium-enriched soybean flour and the selenium-enriched common leafflower herb powder are the same as those of the selenium-enriched milk vetch powder.
Preferably, the processing mode of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich defoliant powder mainly comprises the following steps:
(a) sowing: in proper seasons, seeds of corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore are respectively sowed in blocks;
(b) fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, respectively spraying selenium fertilizer to each land planted with the corns, the soybeans and the selenium-rich herbivores in the step (a) at different periods so as to improve the conversion rate of plant selenoprotein in the additive and obtain selenium-rich crops;
(c) harvesting: after the crops in the step (b) are mature, respectively harvesting, collecting and airing, and drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain dry basis crops;
(d) crushing: and (c) putting each dry crop obtained in the step (c) into a crusher to be crushed until dry crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
Preferably, the selenium content in the selenium fertilizer is 5-8g/100 mL.
Preferably, the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the corn twice, namely the jointing stage of the corn and the tassel-drawing stage of the corn, and the selenium fertilizer is sprayed to the corn twice in an amount of 120 mL/mu and 150 mL/mu respectively in an amount of 100-; the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the soybeans once, the selenium fertilizer spraying time is in the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, and the selenium fertilizer spraying amount is 120-150 mL/mu; the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass is harvested 4-5 times a year, the selenium fertilizer is sprayed once 10 days before each harvest, and the amount of the sprayed selenium fertilizer is 100-120 mL/mu.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a preparation process of an additive for improving selenium content of poultry eggs, which comprises the following steps:
(A) sowing and conventionally culturing milk vetch, corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore, and then carrying out selenium-rich treatment on each crop;
(B) harvesting all the crops which are mature after selenium enrichment treatment, collecting and airing, and then drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain all dry basis crops;
(C) sequentially putting the base crops obtained in the step into a crusher for crushing;
(D) stirring, and continuously crushing until dry crop powder with proper particle size is obtained, namely the additive for improving the selenium content of the poultry eggs, which is uniformly mixed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a feeding process of the laying hens, and the additive for improving the selenium-rich content of the eggs is added.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of drinking water: measuring a certain amount of drinking water, and purifying to reach drinking standard to obtain pretreated solution L1；
(2) Adjusting the pH value: adding the solution L obtained in the step (1)1Adding a certain amount of buffer, stirring and adjusting pH to 7-8 to obtain pH-adjusted solution L2For standby;
(3) preparing a selenium water mother solution: weighing a certain mass of additive for improving selenium content of poultry eggs, and adding water to prepare selenium water mother liquor L with selenium mass concentration of 2.0-2.5g/100mL3；
(4) Diluting: adopting the solution L obtained in the step (2)2Diluting the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step (3)3To obtain a diluent L of the selenium water mother liquor4；
(5) Mixing: diluting the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step (4)4Pouring into solution L2And fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the layer drinking water added with the biological selenium source for direct drinking of the layers.
Preferably, the buffer agent in the step (2) is calcium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%, the granularity of selenium in the selenium water mother liquor in the step (3) is 90-100nm, and the nano selenium can improve the quality of the egg product, reduce the cholesterol content in the egg yolk and enrich the selenium in the egg yolk so as to produce the selenium-enriched egg.
Preferably, the dilution factor of the selenium water mother liquor in the step (4) is 2500-5000 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the selenium-enriched astragalus sinicus powder as the raw material, has the function of converting selenium into selenium protein, thereby converting the selenium into a selenium protein plant through the astragalus sinicus, enhancing the conversion rate of the plant selenium protein, increasing the selenium content in the additive, having low granularity and less water content, being beneficial to being dissolved in clear water for being drunk by laying hens, being beneficial to feeding, improving the absorption of the laying hens on selenium elements, also improving the utilization rate of the raw material, and further increasing the selenium content in eggs; the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean meal and the selenium-rich herbivore powder which are treated by the selenium fertilizer are added as raw materials of the additive, wherein each component is rich in selenium, and the selenium-rich corn flour and the selenium-rich soybean meal are used as common feeds, so that the feeding of laying hens is facilitated, the edible mouthfeel of the laying hens is improved, the food intake of the laying hens to the feed added with the additive can be improved to a certain extent, and the selenium content in eggs is improved; the protein content of the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass hay can reach 36% -48.7%, the selenium is converted into selenium protein with extremely high potential, the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass is more mature every year, the yield is high, the feeding cost of laying hens can be reduced to a certain extent, and the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass hay is an optimal laying hen feed and selenium-rich feed additive. In addition, the additive has simple preparation method, is beneficial to production and application and has strong practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for processing selenium-rich milk vetch powder;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for processing selenium-rich corn flour, selenium-rich soybean flour and selenium-rich defoliant powder;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a process for preparing an additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the feeding process of the laying hens.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
In the embodiment, the following components are contained according to the percentage content of the components in the additive, and the sum of the components is 100%:
| selenium-rich milk vetch powder | 10％ |
| Selenium-rich corn flour | 20％ |
| Selenium-rich soybean meal | 10％ |
| Selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder | 60％ |
Wherein, the selenium content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 1.5mg/Kg, the selenium content of the selenium-rich corn flour is 0.6mg/Kg, and the selenium content of the selenium-rich soybean flour is 0.5 mg/Kg. In addition, the particle sizes of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder, the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich common leafy herb powder are 60 meshes, and the water contents of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder, the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich common leafy herb powder are 9%.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of processing selenium-rich milk vetch powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S01: sowing: the Chinese milk vetch seed of Shufeng No. 8 is sowed in a proper season, water cannot be soaked in the ground during sowing, but the ground is kept moist.
Step S02: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, 5g/100mL selenium fertilizer is sprayed twice in the growth process of the astragalus sinicus, namely the jointing stage and the flowering and bud stage of the astragalus sinicus, and the selenium fertilizer spraying amount of the twice selenium fertilizer is 230 mL/mu.
Step S03: harvesting: and (5) after the astragalus sinicus in the step (S02) is ripe, harvesting two thirds of the astragalus sinicus on the ground, collecting and airing, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry-base astragalus sinicus, wherein the hay yield of the astragalus sinicus is 850 jin/mu.
Step S04: crushing: and (4) putting the dry-base astragalus sinicus obtained in the step (S03) into a grinder to be ground until dry-base crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the processing of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S011: sowing: in proper seasons, seeds of corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore are respectively sowed in blocks.
Step S012: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, selecting different periods, respectively spraying 5g/100mL selenium fertilizers to each land planted with the corns, the soybeans and the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass in the step S011 so as to improve the conversion rate of the plant selenoprotein in the additive and obtain the selenium-rich crops.
Step S013: harvesting: and (5) after the crops in the step (S012) are mature, respectively harvesting, collecting and airing, and drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
Step S014: crushing: and (4) putting each dry basis crop obtained in the step (S013) into a crusher to be crushed until dry basis crop powder with a proper particle size is obtained.
In the embodiment, the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the corn twice, namely the jointing stage of the corn and the tasseling stage of the corn, the selenium fertilizer spraying amount in the two times is 120 mL/mu and 150 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the corn is 1000 jin/mu; the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the soybeans once, the time for spraying the selenium fertilizer is the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, the quantity of the selenium fertilizer sprayed on the soybeans is 150 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the soybeans is 300 jin/mu; the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass can be harvested 5 times a year, the selenium fertilizer is sprayed once 10 days before each harvest, the quantity of the sprayed selenium fertilizer is 120 mL/mu, and the annual yield of the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass fresh grass is 20 tons/mu.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs, and the specific steps are as follows:
i: sowing and conventionally culturing milk vetch, corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore, and then carrying out selenium-rich treatment on each crop.
II: harvesting the mature crops after the selenium enrichment treatment, collecting and airing, and then drying at 60 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
III: and (4) sequentially putting the base crops obtained in the step into a pulverizer for pulverizing.
IV: stirring, and continuously crushing until dry crop powder with proper granularity is obtained, namely the additive A which is uniformly mixed and can improve the selenium-rich content of the poultry eggs is obtained.
Specific example 2
In the embodiment, the following components are contained according to the percentage content of the components in the additive, and the sum of the components is 100%:
| selenium-rich milk vetch powder | 30％ |
| Selenium-rich corn flour | 30％ |
| Selenium-rich soybean meal | 20％ |
| Selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder | 20％ |
Wherein, the selenium content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 3.0mg/Kg, the selenium content of the selenium-rich corn flour is 0.8mg/Kg, and the selenium content of the selenium-rich soybean flour is 0.9 mg/Kg. In addition, the particle sizes of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour, the selenium-rich milk vetch powder and the selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder are 160 meshes, and the water contents of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour, the selenium-rich milk vetch powder and the selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder are 6%.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of processing selenium-rich milk vetch powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S01: sowing: the Chinese milk vetch seed of Shufeng No. 8 is sowed in a proper season, water cannot be soaked in the ground during sowing, but the ground is kept moist.
Step S02: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, 8g/100mL selenium fertilizer is sprayed twice in the growth process of the astragalus sinicus, namely the jointing stage and the flowering and bud stage of the astragalus sinicus, and the selenium fertilizer spraying amount of the twice selenium fertilizer is 200 mL/mu.
Step S03: harvesting: and (5) after the astragalus sinicus in the step (S02) is ripe, harvesting two thirds of the astragalus sinicus on the ground, collecting and airing, and drying at 100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry-base astragalus sinicus, wherein the hay yield of the astragalus sinicus is 980 jin/mu.
Step S04: crushing: and (4) putting the dry-base astragalus sinicus obtained in the step (S03) into a grinder to be ground until dry-base crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the processing of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S011: sowing: in proper seasons, seeds of corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore are respectively sowed in blocks.
Step S012: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, 8g/100mL selenium fertilizers are respectively sprayed to each land planted with the corns, the soybeans and the selenium-rich leaf-eating grasses in the step S011 at different periods so as to improve the conversion rate of the plant selenoprotein in the additive and obtain the selenium-rich crops.
Step S013: harvesting: and (5) after the crops in the step (S012) are mature, respectively harvesting, collecting and airing, and drying at 100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
Step S014: crushing: and (4) putting each dry basis crop obtained in the step (S013) into a crusher to be crushed until dry basis crop powder with a proper particle size is obtained.
In the embodiment, the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the corn twice, namely the jointing stage of the corn and the tasseling stage of the corn, the selenium fertilizer spraying amount in the two times is respectively 100 mL/mu and 110 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the corn is 1200 jin/mu; the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the soybeans once, the time for spraying the selenium fertilizer is the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, the quantity of the selenium fertilizer sprayed on the soybeans is 120 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the soybeans is 400 jin/mu; the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass can be harvested 4 times a year, the selenium fertilizer is sprayed once 10 days before each harvest, the quantity of the sprayed selenium fertilizer is 100 mL/mu, and the annual yield of the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass fresh grass is 40 tons/mu B.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs, and the specific steps are as follows:
i: sowing and conventionally culturing milk vetch, corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore, and then carrying out selenium-rich treatment on each crop.
II: harvesting the mature crops after the selenium enrichment treatment, collecting and airing, and then drying at 100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
III: and (4) sequentially putting the base crops obtained in the step into a pulverizer for pulverizing.
IV: stirring, and continuously crushing until dry crop powder with proper particle size is obtained, namely the additive for improving the selenium content of the poultry eggs, which is uniformly mixed.
Specific example 3
In the embodiment, the following components are contained according to the percentage content of the components in the additive, and the sum of the components is 100%:
| selenium-rich milk vetch powder | 20％ |
| Selenium-rich corn flour | 25％ |
| Selenium-rich soybean meal | 15％ |
| Selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder | 40％ |
Wherein, the selenium content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is measured to be 2.0mg/Kg, the selenium content of the selenium-rich corn flour is measured to be 0.55mg/Kg, and the selenium content of the selenium-rich soybean flour is measured to be 0.65 mg/Kg. In addition, the particle sizes of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour, the selenium-rich milk vetch powder and the selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder are 120 meshes, and the water contents of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour, the selenium-rich milk vetch powder and the selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder are 5%.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of processing selenium-rich milk vetch powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S01: sowing: the Chinese milk vetch seed of Shufeng No. 8 is sowed in a proper season, water cannot be soaked in the ground during sowing, but the ground is kept moist.
Step S02: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, 6g/100mL selenium fertilizer is sprayed twice in the growth process of the astragalus sinicus, namely the jointing stage and the flowering and bud stage of the astragalus sinicus, and the selenium fertilizer spraying amount twice is 210 mL/mu.
Step S03: harvesting: and (5) after the astragalus sinicus in the step (S02) is ripe, harvesting two thirds of the astragalus sinicus on the ground, collecting and airing, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry-base astragalus sinicus, wherein the hay yield of the astragalus sinicus is 950 jin/mu.
Step S04: crushing: and (4) putting the dry-base astragalus sinicus obtained in the step (S03) into a grinder to be ground until dry-base crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the processing of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder in the invention, and it can be seen that the processing mode of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder mainly comprises the following steps:
step S011: sowing: in proper seasons, seeds of corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore are respectively sowed in blocks.
Step S012: fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, selecting different periods, respectively spraying 6g/100mL selenium fertilizers to each land planted with the corns, the soybeans and the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass in the step S011 so as to improve the conversion rate of the plant selenoprotein in the additive and obtain the selenium-rich crops.
Step S013: harvesting: and (5) after the crops in the step (S012) are mature, respectively harvesting, collecting and airing, and drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
Step S014: crushing: and (4) putting each dry basis crop obtained in the step (S013) into a crusher to be crushed until dry basis crop powder with a proper particle size is obtained.
In the embodiment, the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the corn twice, namely the jointing stage of the corn and the tasseling stage of the corn, the selenium fertilizer spraying amount in the twice is respectively 110 mL/mu and 125 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the corn is 1100 jin/mu; the selenium fertilizer is sprayed on the soybeans once, the time for spraying the selenium fertilizer is the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, the selenium fertilizer spraying amount is 130 mL/mu, and the dry yield of the soybeans is 350 jin/mu; the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass can be harvested 4 times a year, the selenium fertilizer is sprayed once 10 days before each harvest, the quantity of the sprayed selenium fertilizer is 110 mL/mu, and the annual yield of the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass fresh grass is 30 tons/mu.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs, and the specific steps are as follows:
i: sowing and conventionally culturing milk vetch, corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore, and then carrying out selenium-rich treatment on each crop.
II: harvesting the mature crops after the selenium enrichment treatment, collecting and airing, and then drying at 80 ℃ to constant weight to obtain the dry basis crops.
III: and (4) sequentially putting the base crops obtained in the step into a pulverizer for pulverizing.
IV: stirring, and continuously crushing until dry crop powder with proper granularity is obtained, namely the additive C which is uniformly mixed and can improve the selenium-rich content of the poultry eggs is obtained.
Specific example 4
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the feeding process of the laying hens, and it can be seen that the additive a for improving selenium content in eggs, prepared in the specific example 1, is adopted in the feeding process of the laying hens, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreatment of drinking water: measuring 1000L of drinking water, and purifying to reach drinking standard to obtain pretreated solution L1。
Step S2: adjusting the pH value: to the solution L obtained in step S11Adding 0.5% calcium carbonate buffer solution, stirring, and adjusting pH to 7 to obtain pH-adjusted solution L2For use.
Step S3: preparing a selenium water mother solution: weighing a certain mass of the additive A for improving the selenium content of the poultry eggs, and adding water to prepare a selenium water mother liquor L with the selenium mass concentration of 2.0g/100mL3Wherein the granularity of selenium in the selenium water mother liquor is 90 nm.
Step S4: diluting: the solution L obtained in the step S2 is respectively filled with two 50L clean plastic barrels2Respectively taking 10mL of the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step S33Adding into 50L plastic barrels to dilute by 5000 times to obtain a diluent L of selenium water mother liquor4。
Step S5: mixing: will step S4Obtaining two dilutions L of selenium water mother liquor4Are poured into 1000L of solution L2And fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the layer drinking water added with the biological selenium source for direct drinking of the layers. In the embodiment, the selenium water mother liquor is diluted and then added into the drinking water, so that solute waste in the selenium water mother liquor transfer process can be reduced, and the utilization rate of selenium is improved; in addition, the drinking water amount of 4000 laying hens in one day can be met by adding 1000 liters of selenium water mother liquor and diluting the water solution according to the calculation of 250mL of drinking water per laying hen per day, namely the total drinking water amount of 4000 laying hens is 1000L per day, 20mL of selenium water mother liquor is taken together, and the selenium content of the obtained eggs is detected.
Specific example 5
Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the feeding process of the laying hens, and it can be seen that the additive B for improving selenium content in eggs, prepared in the specific example 2, is adopted in the feeding process of the laying hens, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreatment of drinking water: measuring 1000L of drinking water, and purifying to reach drinking standard to obtain pretreated solution L1。
Step S2: adjusting the pH value: to the solution L obtained in step S11Adding 1.0 wt% calcium carbonate buffer solution, stirring, and adjusting pH to 8 to obtain pH-adjusted solution L2For use.
Step S3: preparing a selenium water mother solution: weighing a certain mass of the additive B for improving the selenium content of the poultry eggs, and adding water to prepare a selenium water mother liquor L with the selenium mass concentration of 2.5g/100mL3Wherein the granularity of selenium in the selenium water mother liquor is 100 nm.
Step S4: diluting: the solution L obtained in the step S2 is respectively filled with two 50L clean plastic barrels2Respectively taking 20mL of the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step S33Adding into 50L plastic barrels to dilute 2500 times to obtain dilute solution L of selenium water mother liquor4。
Step S5: mixing: diluting the two selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step S44Pouring 1000L of solution L2And fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the layer drinking water added with the biological selenium source for direct drinking of the layers. In the embodiment, the selenium water mother liquor is diluted and then added into the drinking water, so that solute waste in the selenium water mother liquor transfer process can be reduced, and the utilization rate of selenium is improved; in addition, the drinking water amount of 4000 laying hens in one day can be met by adding 1000 liters of selenium water mother liquor and diluting the water solution according to the fact that 250mL of drinking water is uniformly drunk by each laying hen in one day, namely the drinking water amount of 4000 laying hens is 1000L per day, 40mL of selenium water mother liquor is taken together, and the selenium content of the obtained eggs is detected.
Specific example 6
The additive (control group) for improving the selenium-rich content of the eggs, which is prepared in the feeding process of the laying hens, is not adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1: pretreatment of drinking water: measuring 1000L of drinking water, and purifying to reach drinking standard to obtain pretreated solution L1。
Step S2: adjusting the pH value: to the solution L obtained in step S11Adding 1.0 wt% calcium carbonate buffer solution, stirring, and adjusting pH to 8 to obtain pH-adjusted solution L2For use.
Calculating according to 250mL of daily drinking water of each layer, 1000 liters of water solution can meet the drinking water amount of 4000 layers in one day, and detecting the selenium content of the obtained eggs.
The detection results are as follows:
from the above embodiments of the invention, it can be seen that the additive for increasing the selenium-rich content of the eggs is added, and the selenium content in the eggs is more than 65% higher than that of the contrast. The selenium-rich milk vetch powder is adopted as the raw material, has the function of converting selenium into selenoprotein, so that the selenium is converted into the selenoprotein plant through the milk vetch, the conversion rate of the plant selenoprotein is enhanced, the selenium content in the additive is increased, and the selenium-rich milk vetch powder has low granularity and low water content, is favorable for being dissolved in clear water for being drunk by laying hens, is favorable for feeding, improves the absorption of the selenium element by the laying hens, also improves the utilization rate of the raw material, and further increases the selenium content in eggs; the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean meal and the selenium-rich herbivore powder which are treated by the selenium fertilizer are added as raw materials of the additive, wherein each component is rich in selenium, and the selenium-rich corn flour and the selenium-rich soybean meal are used as common feeds, so that the feeding of laying hens is facilitated, the edible mouthfeel of the laying hens is improved, the food intake of the laying hens to the feed added with the additive can be improved to a certain extent, and the selenium content in eggs is improved; the protein content of the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass hay can reach 36% -48.7%, the selenium is converted into selenium protein with extremely high potential, the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass is more mature every year, the yield is high, the feeding cost of laying hens can be reduced to a certain extent, and the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass hay is an optimal laying hen feed and selenium-rich feed additive. In addition, the additive has simple preparation method, is beneficial to production and application and has strong practicability.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs is characterized in that: the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is characterized by comprising 10-30% of selenium-rich milk vetch powder in an additive, wherein the granularity of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 60-160 meshes, the water content of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder is 5% -9%, and the processing mode of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder mainly comprises the following steps:
(01) sowing: sowing the astragalus sinicus seeds in a proper season, wherein the ground cannot be soaked with water during sowing, but the ground is kept moist;
(02) fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, selenium fertilizer is sprayed twice in the growth process of the astragalus sinicus, namely the jointing stage and the flowering and bud stage of the astragalus sinicus, and the amount of the selenium fertilizer sprayed twice is 200-230 mL/mu;
(03) harvesting: after the milk vetch in the step (02) is ripe, harvesting two thirds of the milk vetch on the ground, collecting and airing, and drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain dry milk vetch;
(04) crushing: and (3) putting the dry-base astragalus sinicus obtained in the step (03) into a grinder to be ground until dry-base crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
2. The additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs as claimed in claim 1, wherein: according to the percentage content of the components in the additive, the selenium-rich milk vetch additive also comprises 20-30% of selenium-rich corn flour, 10-20% of selenium-rich soybean flour and 20-60% of selenium-rich herbivore powder, and the granularity and the water content of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean flour and the selenium-rich herbivore powder are the same as those of the selenium-rich milk vetch powder.
3. The additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the processing mode of the selenium-rich corn flour, the selenium-rich soybean meal and the selenium-rich leaf eating grass powder mainly comprises the following steps:
(a) sowing: in proper seasons, seeds of corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore are respectively sowed in blocks;
(b) fertilizing: under the conventional management and cultivation, respectively spraying selenium fertilizer to each land planted with the corns, the soybeans and the selenium-rich herbivores in the step (a) at different periods so as to improve the conversion rate of plant selenoprotein in the additive and obtain selenium-rich crops;
(c) harvesting: after the crops in the step (b) are mature, respectively harvesting, collecting and airing, and drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain dry basis crops;
(d) crushing: and (c) putting each dry crop obtained in the step (c) into a crusher to be crushed until dry crop powder with proper granularity is obtained.
4. The additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein: the selenium content in the selenium fertilizer is 5-8g/100 mL.
5. The additive for increasing selenium content in poultry eggs as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the corns twice, namely the jointing stage of the corns and the tasseling and booting stage of the corns respectively, and the selenium fertilizer is sprayed to the corns twice respectively in an amount of 120 mL/mu of 100 plus materials and 150 mL/mu of 100 plus materials; the selenium fertilizer is required to be sprayed to the soybeans once, the selenium fertilizer spraying time is in the flowering and pod bearing period of the soybeans, and the selenium fertilizer spraying amount is 120-150 mL/mu; the selenium-rich leaf-eating grass is harvested 4-5 times a year, the selenium fertilizer is sprayed once 10 days before each harvest, and the amount of the sprayed selenium fertilizer is 100-120 mL/mu.
6. A preparation process of an additive for improving selenium-rich content of poultry eggs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(A) sowing and conventionally culturing milk vetch, corn, soybean and selenium-rich herbivore, and then carrying out selenium-rich treatment on each crop;
(B) harvesting all the crops which are mature after selenium enrichment treatment, collecting and airing, and then drying at 60-100 ℃ to constant weight to obtain all dry basis crops;
(C) sequentially putting the base crops obtained in the step into a crusher for crushing;
(D) stirring, and continuously crushing until dry crop powder with proper particle size is obtained, namely the additive for improving the selenium content of the poultry eggs, which is uniformly mixed.
7. A feeding process of laying hens is characterized in that: the additive for increasing the selenium content of the poultry eggs as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 is added.
8. The feeding process of laying hens according to claim 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of drinking water: measuring a certain amount of drinking water, and purifying to reach drinking standard to obtain pretreated solution L1；
(2) Adjusting the pH value: adding the solution L obtained in the step (1)1Adding a certain amount of buffer, stirring and adjusting pH to 7-8 to obtain pH-adjusted solution L2For standby;
(3) preparing a selenium water mother solution: weighing a certain mass of additive for improving selenium content of poultry eggs, and adding water to prepare selenium water mother liquor L with selenium mass concentration of 2.0-2.5g/100mL3；
(4) Diluting: adopting the solution L obtained in the step (2)2Diluting the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step (3)3To obtain a diluent L of the selenium water mother liquor4；
(5) Mixing: diluting the selenium water mother liquor L obtained in the step (4)4Pouring into solution L2And fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the layer drinking water added with the biological selenium source for direct drinking of the layers.
9. The feeding process of laying hens according to claim 8, wherein: the buffering agent in the step (2) is calcium carbonate solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%, and the granularity of selenium in the selenium water mother liquor in the step (3) is 90-100 nm.
10. The feeding process of laying hens according to claim 8, wherein: the dilution multiple of the selenium water mother liquor in the step (4) is 2500-5000 times.
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