CN114174092A - 用于机动车的驱动装置 - Google Patents

用于机动车的驱动装置 Download PDF

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CN114174092A
CN114174092A CN202080054132.6A CN202080054132A CN114174092A CN 114174092 A CN114174092 A CN 114174092A CN 202080054132 A CN202080054132 A CN 202080054132A CN 114174092 A CN114174092 A CN 114174092A
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clutch
transmission
electric machine
combustion engine
internal combustion
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马丁·索伊弗特
马克·施魏厄
乌尔里希·弗兰茨曼
洛塔尔·赫德勒
安德烈亚斯·黑格拉特
冈特·吕勒
阿明·弗莱格
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Magna Pt & CoKg GmbH
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Magna Pt & CoKg GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于机动车的驱动装置(1)，所述驱动装置包括内燃机(2)、电机(4)和换挡变速器(5)，其中所述换挡变速器(5)具有带有离合器输入端(7)的离合器装置(6)，其中所述离合器输入端(7)与所述内燃机(2)和所述电机(4)驱动作用地连接，其中所述内燃机(2)和所述换挡变速器(5)沿着中心轴线(8)基本上同轴地设置，并且所述电机(4)在所述离合器装置(6)的背离内燃机(2)的侧上基本上平行于所述中心轴线(8)设置。

Description

用于机动车的驱动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的驱动装置，所述驱动装置包括内燃机、电机和换挡变速器，其中换挡变速器具有带有离合器输入端的离合器装置，其中离合器输入端与内燃机和电机驱动作用地连接，其中，内燃机和换挡变速器基本上沿着中心轴线同轴地设置，并且电机基本上平行于中心轴线设置在离合器装置的背离内燃机的侧上。
背景技术
这种驱动装置在机动车技术中，例如在混合动力总成中使用。通常，在机动车技术中，将混合动力汽车理解为具有内燃机驱动***和电驱动***的组合的机动车。这两种驱动器的组合能够以各种不同的方式进行。根据机动车的内燃机、电机和变速器的设置方式，原则上在串联、并联和功率分支的混合动力总成之间存在区别。此外，也常常使用这三种基本结构的混合形式，所述混合形式将相应的结构的优点结合。在混合动力汽车技术中最常见的形式是并联的混合动力总成装置，其中电气路径与内燃机路径平行地伸展，并且用于驱动车辆的两个***的功率机械地叠加。在此，电机能够设置在动力总成中的不同部位处，由此分别产生特定的优点和缺点。根据电机在机动车的动力总成中的位置，通常在P1、P2、P3和P4并联混合动力总成之间进行区分。然而，在此也经常期望结合了相应的设计方案的优点的混合形式。
在P1装置中，电机直接安置在内燃机上并且与曲轴牢固地连接。内燃机在此不能与电机解除耦合，并且在电动行驶时以及在能量回收时都必须被牵引，这会引起极低效率的运行。
在P2装置中，电机不直接安装在内燃机上，而是借助位于之间的离合器处于变速器输入端上，所述离合器能够实现使内燃机在需要时经由与其余的动力总成“断开”联接而解除耦合。电动行驶和能量回收能够在更高效的框架中运行，即不牺牲内燃机的拖曳扭矩。
在P1和P2混合动力解决方案中，除了电动行驶、助力和能量回收的功能之外，还能够经由电机实现例如电动启动和固定充电等其它功能。
如果变速器构成为双离合器变速器，则在P1和P2混合动力解决方案中，电机设置在变速器的双离合器的径向外侧。为此使用的电机相对大地构造——它们具有相对大的直径，并且除了大的重量之外，还引起大的材料使用进而高的成本。电机的转速水平对应于内燃机的转速水平。在相应的最佳效率点处同时运行两台机器是不可行的。在P2装置中，在内燃机和电机之间还安装有离合器，所述离合器必须被冷切并且经由附加的执行器来控制。这引起另外的成本以及增加的安装空间以及构造耗费。
在P1装置中能够至少部分地克服这些缺点，并且尤其在关于“电动行驶”具有受限的要求的“轻度混合动力***”中这些***能够如此，尤其因为与P2装置相反能够弃用“断开”联接，进而能够节省成本和安装空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提出一种用于机动车的、尤其是混合动力车辆的驱动装置，所述驱动装置在功能上对应于P1装置并且在此允许优化地使用可用的安装空间，进而也代表成本和安装空间优化的P1解决方案。
根据第一独立权利要求的本发明的主题能够满足这种需求。在从属权利要求中描述了本发明的有利的实施形式。
根据本发明的驱动装置包括内燃机、电机和换挡变速器。根据本发明，内燃机和换挡变速器沿着中心轴线基本上同轴地设置，并且电机基本上平行于中心轴线设置，进而相对于内燃机和换挡变速器“偏移”地设置。
根据本发明，换挡变速器具有带有离合器输入端的离合器装置。
根据本发明，内燃机驱动作用地与离合器装置的离合器输入端连接。
此外，根据本发明，电机驱动作用地与离合器装置的离合器输入端连接。
根据本发明，电机还设置在换挡变速器的离合器装置的背离内燃机的侧上。
优选的是，在电机和离合器输入端之间的驱动作用的连接设置在离合器装置的背离内燃机的侧上。离合器装置优选构成为片式离合器。
在本发明的优选实施方案变型形式中，电机经由正齿轮级驱动作用地与离合器装置的离合器输入端连接。然而，驱动作用的连接也能够经由不同类型的齿轮、链条、皮带或其它机械驱动元件来实现。
驱动作用的连接也能够经由齿带传动装置，即例如齿链，在离合器装置的构件上——例如在离合器罐上——在径向外侧上进行。优点在于，该实施形式对离合器装置的轴向结构长度不具有影响，进而不会增加所述轴向结构长度。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案变型形式中，换挡变速器构成为具有双离合器作为离合器装置的双离合器变速器。换挡变速器作为手动换挡变速器(MT)、自动换挡变速器(AMT)、多级自动变速器(AT)、无级变速器(CVT)等的实施方案同样是可设想的。
离合器装置优选具有离合器罐、离合器壳和离合器毂，其中离合器罐、离合器壳和离合器毂抗扭地相互连接并且是离合器装置的离合器输入端，其中电机经由离合器装置的离合器罐、离合器壳或离合器毂与离合器输入端驱动作用地连接。
换挡变速器优选具有壳体，其中电机设置在壳体内。因此能够实现变速器和电机一起冷却。
借助于根据本发明的驱动装置的构成方案，尤其是电机的设置，能够实现根据P1装置的成本和结构空间优化的驱动装置。
附图说明
下面示例性地参考附图描述本发明。
图1示出驱动装置的示意图。
图2示出具有电机与离合器毂的驱动作用的连接的驱动装置的示意图的局部。
图3示出具有电机与离合器壳的驱动作用的连接的驱动装置的示意图的局部。
具体实施方式
图1示出根据本发明的驱动装置1。
驱动装置1具有两个驱动单元，即内燃机2和电机4，以及换挡变速器5。
内燃机2和换挡变速器5关于中心轴线8基本上同轴地设置。电机4平行于内燃机2和变速器5的这种同轴布置设置——意即电机4相对于内燃机2和换挡变速器5“偏移”地设置。
内燃机2在输出侧与曲轴3驱动作用地连接。
在图1中示意性地示出的换挡变速器5具有带有离合器输入端7的离合器装置6。离合器输入端7与曲轴3驱动作用地连接，而曲轴又与内燃机2驱动作用地连接。电机4经由正齿轮级9与离合器输入端7驱动作用地连接。
电机4设置在离合器装置6的背离内燃机2的侧上。此外，电机4和离合器装置6的离合器输入端7的驱动作用的连接经由在离合器装置6的背离内燃机2的侧上的正齿轮级9进行。然而，电机4和离合器输入端7的驱动作用的连接能够任意地进行，意即也可在离合器输入端7的另一适宜的部位处进行。
下面，为了示例性地阐述本发明假设：换挡变速器5构成为具有双离合器6’作为离合器装置6的双离合器变速器5’。
在图1至图3中示意性地示出的双离合器变速器5’具有双离合器6’，所述双离合器6’具有第一摩擦片离合器10和第二摩擦片离合器11、第一变速器输入轴12、第二变速器输入轴13、第一子变速器14、第二子变速器15以及变速器输出轴16。第一变速器输入轴12被分配给第一子变速器14并且能够经由双离合器6的第一摩擦片离合器10与曲轴3驱动作用地连接。第二变速器输入轴13被分配给第二子变速器15并且能够经由双离合器6的第二摩擦片离合器11与曲轴3驱动作用地连接。第一子变速器14和第二子变速器15分别具有多个挡位，其中将奇数的挡位分配给第一子变速器14，而将偶数挡位以及倒挡分配给第二子变速器15(未示出)。
如上所述，双离合器变速器5’的双离合器6’具有第一摩擦片离合器10和第二摩擦片离合器11。第一摩擦片离合器10和第二摩擦片离合器11径向彼此嵌套地设置。第一摩擦离合器10在此设置在径向外侧，而第二摩擦片离合器11设置在径向内侧。
方向说明“径向”描述了与中心轴线8正交的方向。
此外，双离合器变速器5’的双离合器6’具有离合器罐17、离合器壳18和离合器毂19(图2、图3)。离合器罐17、离合器壳18和离合器毂19抗扭地相互连接。离合器罐17经由连接机构与曲轴3连接，进而与内燃机2连接。在图2和图3中示出的实施例中，这三个组件，即离合器罐17、离合器壳18和离合器毂19抗扭地相互连接并且共同构成离合器输入端7。
在图2中示出驱动装置1的变型形式，其中在电机2和离合器输入端7之间的驱动作用的连接经由双离合器6’的离合器毂19进行。离合器罐17与曲轴3驱动作用地连接，进而与内燃机2连接，并且与双离合器6’的离合器毂19以及离合器壳18抗扭地连接。电机4经由正齿轮级9与离合器毂19驱动作用地连接。
在图3中示出驱动装置1的变型形式，其中在电机2和离合器输入端7之间的驱动作用的连接经由双离合器6’的离合器壳18进行。双离合器6’的离合器壳18构成用于第一摩擦片离合器10和第二摩擦片离合器11的径向摩擦片支架。离合器罐17与曲轴3驱动作用地连接进而与内燃机2连接，并且与双离合器6’的离合器毂19和离合器壳18抗扭地连接。电机4经由正齿轮级9与离合器壳18抗扭地连接。因此，经由双离合器6’的离合器壳18，在内燃机2方的扭矩被传导到第一摩擦片离合器10和第二摩擦片离合器11的摩擦片组上。第一摩擦片离合器10的径向内部的摩擦片支架与第一变速器输入轴12驱动作用地连接，而第二摩擦片离合器11的径向内部的摩擦片支架与第二变速器输入轴13驱动作用地连接。
在所有实施方案变型形式中，电机4在双离合器6’的背离内燃机2的侧上基本上平行于双离合器变速器5’设置。
附图标记列表：
1 驱动装置
2 内燃机
3 曲轴
4 电机
5 换挡变速器
5’ 双离合器变速器
6 离合器装置
6’ 双离合器
7 离合器输入端
8 中心轴线
9 正齿轮级
10 第一摩擦片离合器
11 第二摩擦片离合器
12 第一变速器输入轴
13 第二变速器输入轴
14 第一子变速器
15 第二子变速器
16 变速器输出轴
17 离合器罐
18 离合器壳
19 离合器毂。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于机动车的驱动装置(1)，包括：
-内燃机(2)，
-电机(4)，和
-换挡变速器(5)，其中所述换挡变速器(5)具有带有离合器输入端(7)的离合器装置(6)，其中所述离合器输入端(7)与所述内燃机(2)和所述电机(4)驱动作用地连接，
其中所述内燃机(2)和所述换挡变速器(5)沿着中心轴线(8)基本上同轴地设置，并且所述电机(4)基本上平行于所述中心轴线(8)地设置在所述离合器装置(6)的背离内燃机(2)的侧上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动装置(1)，其特征在于，在所述电机(4)和所述离合器输入端(7)之间的驱动作用的连接在所述离合器装置(6)的背离所述内燃机(2)的侧上进行。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动装置(1)，其特征在于，所述电机(4)经由正齿轮级(9)驱动作用地与所述离合器装置(6)的离合器输入端(7)连接。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的驱动装置(1)，其特征在于，所述换挡变速器(5)构成为具有双离合器(6’)作为离合器装置(6)的双离合器变速器(5’)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的驱动装置(1)，其特征在于，所述离合器装置(6)具有离合器罐(17)、离合器壳(18)和离合器毂(19)，其中所述离合器罐(17)、所述离合器壳(18)和所述离合器毂(19)抗扭地相互连接并且是所述离合器装置(6)的离合器输入端(7)，其中所述电机(4)经由所述离合器装置(6)的所述离合器罐(17)、所述离合器壳(18)或所述离合器毂(19)与所述离合器输入端(7)驱动作用地连接。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动装置(1)，其特征在于，所述换挡变速器具有壳体，其中所述电机设置在所述壳体内。
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