CN114171808B - High-energy-density liquid metal battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-energy-density liquid metal battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114171808B CN114171808B CN202111335168.4A CN202111335168A CN114171808B CN 114171808 B CN114171808 B CN 114171808B CN 202111335168 A CN202111335168 A CN 202111335168A CN 114171808 B CN114171808 B CN 114171808B
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001215 Te alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/39—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34 working at high temperature
- H01M10/399—Cells with molten salts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
- H01M10/38—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Abstract
The invention provides a high-energy-density liquid metal battery and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of chemical energy storage batteries. The invention adopts Te base alloy formed by metal Te and one of Cu, ag and Au as an anode material, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal as a cathode material, and mixed molten salt containing corresponding alkali metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions as an electrolyte material to construct the liquid metal battery. The battery has good electrochemical properties. The metal Te serving as the positive electrode has high voltage (1.6V vs. Li/Li) + ) One of Cu, ag and Au is introduced into Te to form alloy, so that the dissolution of liquid metal Te and discharge products thereof in molten salt electrolyte can be obviously reduced, the utilization rate of the metal Te is improved, the cycling stability of the battery is improved, and the working temperature of the battery is reduced. In addition, the introduction of the high electron conductivity metal improves the conductivity of the Te anode material, reduces the polarization of the battery, improves the discharge voltage of the battery and improves the charge and discharge performance of the battery under high current density.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical energy storage batteries, and particularly relates to a high-energy-density liquid metal battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, large-scale energy storage technologies with high efficiency and low cost have been developed in order to relieve the environmental pressure and effectively utilize renewable energy sources (such as wind energy, solar energy, etc.). On the one hand, the large-scale energy storage technology can improve the grid-connected rate of new energy power generation and improve the safety and stability of a power grid; meanwhile, the peak clipping and valley filling can improve the contradiction between power supply and demand, improve the traditional power generation efficiency and provide a technical foundation for the construction of intelligent power grids and the improvement of energy structures in China. In recent years, donald r.sadoway professor team at the institute of technology (MIT) of ma province has proposed an emerging battery energy storage technology for grid-level energy storage application, i.e., electrochemical energy storage of a liquid metal battery, which has many advantages such as low cost, long service life and scalability, so that it has received extensive attention in the fields of energy storage technology research and energy investment.
The basic characteristics of the liquid metal battery are: the battery runs at 300-700 ℃, both the anode metal and the cathode metal and the inorganic molten salt electrolyte are liquid, the densities of the electrolyte, the anode and the cathode are different and are mutually insoluble, and liquid substances are automatically divided into three layers under the drive of the density difference. Tellurium (Te) is a metalloid having high electronegativity, and has been studied as a cathode material for normal-temperature lithium batteries. Te is a very attractive high energy density positive electrode material candidate for liquid metal batteries given its high electronegativity and low melting point (452 ℃), which can provide an OCV of about 1.76V when lithium is used as the negative electrode. However, the poor electron conductance and high solubility of Te in molten salts severely limit the exertion of electrochemical properties. The lower electron conductivity limits its capacity utilization (less than 60% of theoretical capacity), while its higher solubility in molten salt electrolytes results in high self-discharge rates and low coulombic efficiency, as the soluble metalloid Te increases the electron conductivity of the molten salt electrolyte. These problems severely affect the energy density and energy storage efficiency of the liquid metal cell. CN107482209B discloses a positive electrode material for liquid and semi-liquid metal batteries, which is Te alloy formed by metal Te or one or more simple substances of Te and Sn, sb, pb, bi. However, the metal alloyed with Te has poor conductivity, and the problems of high solubility and poor conductivity of the metal Te positive electrode in molten salt are not solved, and the battery exhibits poor cycling stability, failing to meet the requirements of energy storage technology. In 2018, li et al reported a Li Te-Sn liquid metal battery (10.1016/j.ensm.2018.04.017). The battery has a current density of 100mA cm at 500 DEG C -2 Run under conditions to obtain a discharge voltage of 1.6V and 495Wh kg -1 Energy density. And in the cut-off voltage range of 1.0-2.0V, the battery can achieve a coulombic efficiency of 95-99% and an energy efficiency of 83-91% in a short period of time. However, as cycling proceeds, the coulombic efficiency of the cell is evidentAnd significantly reduced. This suggests that the introduction of the inert component Sn suppresses Te dissolution to some extent and increases conductivity, thereby improving electrochemical performance of the battery, but the long-term cycle stability is still further improved. Therefore, how to solve the problems of high solubility and poor conductivity of the metal Te in molten salt is a technical key for realizing long-acting stable operation of the liquid metal battery.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-energy-density liquid metal battery and a preparation method thereof, and the high-energy-density liquid metal battery takes Te-based alloy as a high-voltage positive electrode material, so that the problems of low conductivity and poor cycling stability caused by large solubility in molten salt in the prior art of the high-voltage Te positive electrode material are solved. The former may decrease the active material utilization rate, affect the specific capacity of the battery, and the latter may cause self-discharge of the battery, affect the operating voltage of the battery. The technology of the invention can obviously improve the energy density of the battery on the basis of solving the two problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a high-energy-density liquid metal battery, which structurally comprises a shell, a crucible type positive electrode current collector embedded in the shell, a positive electrode, a mixed molten salt electrolyte, a negative electrode current collector adsorbed and stored with a metal negative electrode and a lead thereof, wherein the positive electrode material is Te-based alloy formed by metal Te and one of Cu, ag and Au.
Further, the positive electrode material is Te-based alloy, and the chemical formula is Te 90-50 Cu 10-50 、Te 90-50 Ag 10-50 、Te 90- 50 Au 10-50 Wherein the lower right hand symbol in the formula indicates the mole percent of each component and the mole percentages of the components in each alloy add up to 100%.
Further, the housing material is austenitic stainless steel.
Further, the crucible type positive electrode current collector material is one of high-purity graphite, tungsten, molybdenum and tantalum.
Further, the negative electrode current collector material is a three-dimensional porous foam metal material chemically inert to the negative electrode active metal.
Further, the mixed molten salt electrolyte is an inorganic mixed salt containing alkali metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions.
The preparation method of the high-energy-density liquid metal battery comprises the following steps of:
(1) Weighing metal Te and required alloying metal raw materials according to a certain molar ratio, placing the metal Te and the required alloying metal raw materials into a crucible type anode current collector, placing the crucible into a heating furnace, heating the crucible to 50-100 ℃ above the melting point of the proportional alloy under the protection of inert atmosphere Ar, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to fully alloy the mixed metal raw materials, thus obtaining the alloy anode material.
(2) And then adding a certain amount of mixed molten salt electrolyte into the crucible, heating and melting, assembling a negative electrode current collector which is connected with the negative electrode in advance and is adsorbed and stored and a battery top cover thereof on the shell, ensuring that the added mixed molten salt electrolyte just submerges the negative electrode current collector into molten salt and is 8-12mm away from the positive electrode material, and after the mixed molten salt electrolyte is cooled to room temperature, welding and sealing the top cover and the battery shell to obtain the high-energy-density liquid metal battery. Then put into a heating furnace, heated to the working temperature required by the battery and kept warm.
Further, the operating temperature of the battery is between 340 ℃ and 550 ℃.
Further, at the working temperature of the battery, the positive electrode material is in a liquid state or semi-liquid state, and the mixed molten salt electrolyte and the negative electrode material are both in a liquid state.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a high-energy-density liquid metal battery, which takes alloying of a metalloid Te and one of metals Cu, ag and Au as a positive electrode material, and the adopted alloying strategy not only remarkably improves the electron conductance of a Te-based electrode, thereby improving the rate performance of the battery and the utilization rate of an active ingredient Te, but also inhibits the solubility of Te in a molten salt electrolyte, thereby reducing the self-discharge of the battery and improving the coulombic efficiency and the cycling stability of the battery. At the working temperature, the positive electrode material in the full charge state is in a full liquid state or a semi-liquid state, during the discharging process, the active ingredient Te in the positive electrode and the negative electrode are subjected to alloying reaction to generate a solid-phase intermetallic compound, and the added metal inert ingredient is distributed in the electrode to serve as an electronic conductive network, and simultaneously serves as a barrier to inhibit the dissolution of the active ingredient; the alloy positive electrode is recovered to be liquid or semi-liquid after recharging, so that the internal stress strain of the electrode material is eliminated, the prepared liquid metal battery has self-healing property, the long-cycle stability of Te-based alloy as the electrode material is ensured, and the energy density of the battery can be obviously improved due to the high theoretical discharge voltage of Te, so that the liquid metal battery with high energy density and long cycle life is obtained.
Drawings
The following drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention, without limitation to the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a high energy density liquid metal battery working system prepared in example 3.
The device comprises a 1-battery shell, a 2-positive electrode material, a 3-mixed molten salt electrolyte, a 4-negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode stored in an adsorption mode, a 5-crucible-type positive electrode current collector, a 6-battery top cover, a 7-insulating ceramic sealing piece, an 8-positive electrode lead, a 9-negative electrode lead, a 10-heating system, an 11-heat preservation system and a 12-thermocouple.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing the charge and discharge performance of the liquid metal battery of example 3.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the rate performance of a liquid metal battery of a li|lif-LiCl-libr|te-Cu system assembled with the negative electrode current collector prepared in example 3.
Fig. 4 is a cycle performance chart of a li|lif-LiCl-libr|te-Cu system liquid metal battery assembled with the negative electrode current collector prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings for the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Aiming at the problems of low conductivity and high solubility in molten salt of Te positive electrode material, the invention provides a high energy density liquid metal battery and a preparation method thereof, wherein the positive electrode material of the battery is Te-based alloy formed by metalloid Te and one of metals Cu, ag and Au, and the chemical formula of the Te-based alloy is Te 90-50 Cu 10-50 、Te 90-50 Ag 10-50 、Te 90-50 Au 10-50 Wherein the lower right hand symbol in the formula indicates the mole percent of each component and the mole percentages of the components in each alloy add up to 100%.
According to the preparation method of the high-energy-density liquid metal battery, metal Te and required alloying metal raw materials are weighed according to the molar ratio, the metal Te and the required alloying metal raw materials are contained in a graphite crucible type positive electrode current collector, a crucible is placed in a heating furnace, the crucible is heated to 50-100 ℃ above the melting point of the proportional alloy under the protection of Ar inert atmosphere, and the temperature is kept for 1-5 hours, so that the mixed metal raw materials are fully alloyed, and Te-based alloy positive electrode material 2 can be obtained; and then adding a certain amount of mixed molten salt electrolyte 3 into a crucible, heating and melting, assembling a negative electrode current collector (Ni-Fe foam metal) 4 and a battery top cover (304 stainless steel) 6 which are stored in advance in a negative electrode on a shell (304 stainless steel) 1, wherein a negative electrode lead 9 connected with the negative electrode current collector 4 is connected with the battery top cover through an insulating ceramic sealing piece 7, the negative electrode current collector (Ni-Fe foam metal) 4 is just immersed into molten salt and is positioned at a position 8-12mm away from a positive electrode material, and after the negative electrode current collector (Ni-Fe foam metal) is cooled to room temperature, welding and sealing the top cover 6 and the battery shell 1 to obtain the high-energy-density liquid metal battery. It is then placed in a heating furnace (consisting of heating system 10, insulating system 11 and thermocouple 12), heated to the desired operating temperature of the battery and insulated. A schematic cross-sectional structure of a specific liquid metal battery operating system is shown in fig. 1.
Table 1 lists 8 embodiments of the present invention, and a schematic structural diagram of a high energy density liquid metal battery system employing each embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes a battery case 1, a positive electrode material 2, a molten salt electrolyte 3, a negative electrode current collector 4 storing a negative electrode by adsorption, a crucible-type positive electrode current collector 5, a battery top cover 6, an insulating ceramic seal 7, a positive electrode lead 8, a negative electrode lead 9, a heating system 10, a heat preservation system 11, and a thermocouple 12.
The reagents and materials described in the examples below, unless otherwise indicated, are all commercially available.
Table 1 example
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the charge and discharge performance of a liquid metal energy storage cell employing example 3 of the present invention, operating at 500℃and a current density of 200mA cm -2 Discharge voltage 1.55V, coulomb efficiency 94.5%, capacity utilization 90.7%, energy efficiency 77%, energy density 409kWh kg -1 。
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the rate capability of a liquid metal cell employing example 3 of the present invention at a current density of from 0.2A cm -2 To 1.0A cm -2 The capacity retention rate of the battery reaches 66.7%.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the cycling performance of a liquid metal cell employing example 3 of the present invention, the cell having a current density of 200mA cm at 500℃ -2 After 75 circles of circulation, the battery capacity retention rate still reaches 96.9 percent.
The test results above show that: in the high-energy-density liquid metal battery, the Te-based alloy anode reduces the melting point of the anode material, improves the electronic conductivity, improves the rate capability of the battery and improves the utilization rate of active ingredient Te; the solubility of the active component Te in molten salt is reduced, so that the coulomb efficiency of the battery is increased, the polarization of the battery is reduced, and the circulating stable high-energy-density liquid metal battery is obtained.
While the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving the equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise; all of the features disclosed, or all of the steps in a method or process, except for mutually exclusive features and/or steps, may be combined in any manner.
Claims (8)
1. The high-energy-density liquid metal battery is characterized by comprising a shell, a crucible type positive electrode current collector embedded in the shell, a positive electrode, a mixed molten salt electrolyte, a negative electrode current collector for adsorbing and storing a metal negative electrode and a lead thereof, wherein the positive electrode material is Te-based alloy formed by metal Te and one of Cu, ag and Au;
the chemical formula of the Te-based alloy is Te 90-50 Cu 10-50 、Te 90-50 Ag 10-50 、Te 90-50 Au 10-50 Wherein the lower right hand symbol in the formula indicates the mole percent of each component and the mole percentages of the components in each alloy add up to 100%.
2. The high energy density liquid metal battery of claim 1 wherein the material of the housing is austenitic stainless steel.
3. The high energy density liquid metal battery of claim 1, wherein the crucible positive current collector material is one of high purity graphite, tungsten, molybdenum, and tantalum.
4. The high energy density liquid metal battery of claim 1, wherein the negative current collector material is a three-dimensional porous foam metal material that is chemically inert to a negative active metal, the negative metal being an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
5. The high energy density liquid metal battery of claim 1 wherein the mixed molten salt electrolyte is an inorganic mixed salt containing alkali or alkaline earth metal ions.
6. A method for preparing a high energy density liquid metal battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the specific steps of:
(1) According to Te 90-50 Cu 10-50 、Te 90-50 Ag 10-50 、Te 90-50 Au 10-50 The mole percentage of each component in each alloy is added to be equal to 100 percent, metal Te and the needed alloying metal raw materials are weighed and are contained in a crucible type anode current collector, the current collector crucible is placed in a heating furnace, the temperature is heated to 50-100 ℃ above the melting point of the alloy in the proportion under the protection of inert atmosphere Ar, and the temperature is kept for 1-5h, so that the mixed metal raw materials are fully alloyed, and the alloy anode material is obtained;
(2) And then adding a certain amount of mixed molten salt electrolyte into the crucible, heating and melting, assembling a negative electrode current collector and a battery top cover which are connected with the negative electrode in advance and are adsorbed and stored on the shell, ensuring that the added mixed molten salt electrolyte just submerges the negative electrode current collector into the mixed molten salt electrolyte, just submerging the negative electrode current collector into the molten salt and keeping a proper position away from the positive electrode material, after the negative electrode current collector is cooled to room temperature, welding and sealing the top cover and the battery shell to obtain the high-energy-density liquid metal battery, and then putting the high-energy-density liquid metal battery into a heating furnace, heating to the required working temperature of the battery and preserving heat.
7. The method of manufacturing a high energy density liquid metal battery according to claim 6, wherein the operating temperature of the battery is between 340 ℃ and 550 ℃.
8. The method of manufacturing a high energy density liquid metal battery according to claim 6, wherein the positive electrode material is in a liquid or semi-liquid state at the operating temperature, and the mixed molten salt electrolyte and the negative electrode material are both in a liquid state.
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