CN114160508A - Steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment used for same - Google Patents
Steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment used for same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114160508A CN114160508A CN202111342882.6A CN202111342882A CN114160508A CN 114160508 A CN114160508 A CN 114160508A CN 202111342882 A CN202111342882 A CN 202111342882A CN 114160508 A CN114160508 A CN 114160508A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel bar
- organism
- annealing process
- namely
- wheel
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G3/00—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material
- C23G3/02—Apparatus for cleaning or pickling metallic material for cleaning wires, strips, filaments continuously
- C23G3/027—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating
- C23G3/028—Associated apparatus, e.g. for pretreating or after-treating for thermal or mechanical pretreatment
Abstract
The invention relates to a steel bar annealing process, which comprises the following steps: step 1: removing shells, namely deforming and removing shells of the reinforcing steel bars by adopting shell removing equipment; step 2: acid pickling, namely carrying out acid pickling on the steel bar after the shell is removed; and step 3: phosphorizing, namely phosphorizing the pickled steel bar; and 4, step 4: annealing, namely annealing the phosphated steel bar; and 5: and (4) wire drawing and winding, namely performing wire drawing and winding on the annealed steel bar. The method has the effects of reducing the use of acid solution, saving resources and protecting the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of metal raw material modification processing, in particular to a steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment for the process.
Background
The reinforcing steel bar is the main material for producing various parts, and the requirements for the reinforcing steel bar are different according to the requirements of the parts.
Annealing is a process for changing the performance of the steel bar, an oxide layer exists on the surface of a steel bar raw material, and the oxide layer needs to be pickled by an acid solution before annealing, so that the effect of the annealing process is ensured.
In view of the above-mentioned related art, the inventors consider that a large amount of acid solution is required in the existing annealing process, the acid solution is easy to make an impression of the environment, and the neutralization of the acid solution requires a large amount of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the use of acid solution, the present application provides a rebar annealing process.
The application provides a steel bar annealing process, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a steel bar annealing process comprises the following steps:
step 1: removing shells, namely deforming and removing shells of the reinforcing steel bars by adopting shell removing equipment;
step 2: acid pickling, namely carrying out acid pickling on the steel bar after the shell is removed;
and step 3: phosphorizing, namely phosphorizing the pickled steel bar;
and 4, step 4: annealing, namely annealing the phosphated steel bar;
and 5: and (4) wire drawing and winding, namely performing wire drawing and winding on the annealed steel bar.
By adopting the technical scheme, the steel bar is deformed by the shelling equipment, so that the oxide layer shell on the surface of the steel bar falls off, and the acid solution dosage can be reduced during subsequent acid washing, thereby reducing the resource consumption of neutralizing waste acid.
Optionally, the surface oxides produced by the shelling are collected.
By adopting the technical scheme, the oxide on the surface of the steel bar contains a large amount of metal elements, and the metal can be re-refined after collection, so that the reutilization of resources is realized.
The utility model provides a equipment of shelling for steel bar annealing process, includes the organism, it is provided with the rolling disc to rotate on the organism, and the rolling disc below is provided with accomodates the frame, is provided with bending mechanism on the organism, and the reinforcing bar passes bending mechanism around establishing on the rolling disc.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the rolling disc is used for buckling again the reinforcing bar of opening a book, accomodates the frame and is used for accomodating the reinforcing bar after buckling, thereby the setting of bending mechanism can make the reinforcing bar buckle and make the shell on reinforcing bar surface get rid of.
Optionally, the bending mechanism includes two guide wheels and two bending wheels, the two guide wheels are rotatably disposed on the machine body, the bending wheel is rotatably disposed between the two guide wheels, the lowest point of the bending wheel is located between the lowest point and the highest point of the guide wheel, and the steel bar sequentially passes through the guide wheels, the bending wheels and the guide wheels.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, make the reinforcing bar buckle deformation through the leading wheel that has the difference in height and the wheel of buckling to make the shell on reinforcing bar surface drop.
Optionally, be provided with adjusting part between wheel and the organism of buckling, adjusting part includes adjust cylinder, sliding block and the groove of sliding, adjust cylinder inlays and establishes in the organism, the sliding block slides and sets up on adjust cylinder, the groove of sliding is seted up on the organism, the pivot of buckling the wheel slides and sets up in the groove of sliding, and the pivot of buckling the wheel sets firmly on the sliding block, and adjust cylinder drive sliding block slides along organism direction of height.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of adjusting part can conveniently buckle the wheel and adjust, can make things convenient for putting into of reinforcing bar on the one hand, and on the other hand can adjust the degree of reinforcing bar deformation.
Optionally, a guide plate is arranged below the bending mechanism, and the guide plate is arranged in an inclined manner towards the outside of the machine body.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting up of deflector can be with the shell direction that drops to just unified collection of organism foreign side, can reduce the shell simultaneously and scatter everywhere and influence operational environment.
Optionally, a storage box is arranged outside the machine body, and the storage box is arranged below the lowest point of the guide plate.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the setting of receiver can conveniently be to the collection of shell.
Optionally, the rolling disc outside is provided with the centre gripping subassembly, the centre gripping subassembly sets up on the organism, the centre gripping subassembly includes centre gripping cylinder, grip table and grip roll, the centre gripping cylinder is installed on the organism, the grip table sets firmly on the piston rod of centre gripping cylinder, the grip table direction of centre gripping cylinder drive is close to or keeps away from the rolling disc direction and slides, the grip roll rotates and sets up in grip table towards rolling disc one side.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the centre gripping subassembly makes things convenient for the reinforcing bar to set up the fixed to the reinforcing bar when rolling up to make things convenient for the reinforcing bar to establish around on the rolling disc.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
the reinforcing steel bar is deformed by the shelling equipment, so that an oxide layer shell on the surface of the reinforcing steel bar falls off, and the use amount of acid solution can be reduced during subsequent acid washing, so that the resource consumption of neutralized waste acid is reduced;
the steel bar is deformed by the shelling equipment, so that the oxide layer shell on the surface of the steel bar falls off, and the acid solution consumption can be reduced during subsequent pickling, thereby reducing the resource consumption of neutralizing waste acid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the process flow of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shelling apparatus of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of another perspective of the overall construction of the shelling apparatus of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a body; 2. rotating the disc; 3. a storage rack; 4. a bending mechanism; 41. a guide wheel; 42. a bending wheel; 5. an adjustment assembly; 51. an adjusting cylinder; 52. a sliding block; 53. a sliding groove; 6. a guide plate; 7. a storage box; 8. a clamping assembly; 81. a clamping cylinder; 82. a clamping table; 83. a grip roller; 9. a gate-shaped through hole; 10. a drainage plate.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
The embodiment of the application discloses a steel bar annealing process, which comprises the following steps with reference to fig. 1: step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) removing shells, namely deforming and removing shells of the reinforcing steel bars by adopting a shelling device, collecting surface oxide shells produced by removing shells after removing shells, wherein the oxide shells contain metal elements which can be refined into metals, and the collected oxide shells are used for refining the metals, so that the reasonable utilization of resources is realized; step 2: pickling, namely pickling the steel bar after the shell is removed by a pickling tank, and treating the oxide shell remaining on the surface; and step 3: phosphorization, namely phosphorization is carried out on the steel bar after acid pickling through a phosphorization tank, and a layer of uniform phosphorization film appears on the surface of the steel bar through phosphorization, so that the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of the steel bar are improved; and 4, step 4: annealing, namely annealing the phosphatized steel bars through an annealing furnace, and improving the toughness of the steel bars through annealing; and 5: drawing and winding, namely drawing and winding the annealed steel bar; the steel bar is deformed before acid washing, so that an oxide shell on the surface of the steel bar falls off, the steel bar is unshelled in a physical mode, the separated oxide shell can be recycled, the use amount of acid solution can be reduced during subsequent acid washing, and the effect of protecting the environment is achieved while resources are saved.
A shelling device for a steel bar annealing process comprises a machine body 1, wherein the machine body 1 is rectangular in whole, a door-shaped through hole 9 is formed in the machine body 1, the door-shaped through hole 9 penetrates through two sides of the machine body 1 in the width direction, a rotating disc 2 is rotatably arranged at the top of the door-shaped through hole 9, a storage frame 3 is arranged below the rotating disc 2, the storage frame 3 is placed in the door-shaped through hole 9, a speed reducing motor is arranged at the top of the machine body 1 and drives the rotating disc 2 to rotate, a bending mechanism 4 is arranged on one side of the machine body 1 in the width direction, the bending mechanism 4 is arranged on one side of the door-shaped through hole 9, a steel bar is wound on the rotating disc 2 through the bending mechanism 4, the bending mechanism 4 bends and deforms the steel bar, so that a shell on the surface of the steel bar falls off physically, the shell which falls off physically can be collected for reuse, and meanwhile, most of an oxide layer on the surface of the steel bar after being shelled by the shelling device falls off, the subsequent acid washing can save the consumption of acid solution.
Referring to fig. 2, the bending mechanism 4 includes two guide wheels 41 rotatably disposed on the machine body 1 and a bending wheel 42 disposed between the two guide wheels 41, the lowest point of the bending wheel 42 is located between the lowest point and the highest point of the guide wheel 41, and the steel bars sequentially pass through the guide wheels 41, the bending wheel 42 and the guide wheels 41, and because the guide wheels 41 and the bending wheel 42 are disposed in a staggered manner, the steel bars can be bent and deformed during the conveying process, so that the oxide layer shells on the surfaces of the steel bars are separated, and the guide wheels 41 and the bending wheel 42 are both V-shaped wheels which can reduce the probability of separation of the steel bars.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, an adjusting assembly 5 is arranged between the bending wheel 42 and the machine body 1, the adjusting assembly 5 includes an adjusting cylinder 51 embedded in the machine body 1, a sliding block 52 slidably arranged on the adjusting cylinder 51, and a sliding groove 53 formed on the machine body 1, a rotating shaft of the bending wheel 42 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove 53, the rotating shaft of the bending wheel 42 is fixedly arranged on the sliding block 52, the adjusting cylinder 51 drives the sliding block 52 to slide along the height direction of the machine body 1, the adjusting assembly 5 is arranged to facilitate adjustment of the bending wheel 42, when the bending wheel 42 is adjusted to be higher than the guide wheel 41, the reinforcing steel bar can penetrate rapidly, then the bending wheel 42 is adjusted downwards to bend the reinforcing steel bar, the downwards-adjusted quantity can be adjusted according to the thickness of the oxide layer on the surface of the reinforcing steel bar, through increasing the amount of buckling of reinforcing bar, promote the size of reinforcing bar surface atress to make the surface oxide layer of different thickness drop.
Referring to fig. 2, a guide plate 6 is arranged below the bending mechanism 4, one end of the guide plate 6 in the width direction is fixedly arranged on the machine body 1 and is obliquely arranged towards the outside of the machine body 1, and the guide plate 6 is used for guiding the fallen oxide shell to leave the machine body 1 and intensively collecting the oxide shell outside the machine body 1; the upper end of the guide plate 6 is provided with a drainage plate 10, the drainage plate 10 inclines towards the guide plate 6, the drainage plate 10 drains the oxide shell onto the guide plate 6, because the guide plate 6 is obliquely arranged, the guide plate 6 close to the outside of the machine body 1 is far away from the guide wheel 41 and the bending wheel 42, the shell is easy to scatter around and is not easy to fall into the guide plate 6 after falling off, the scattering of the shell can be reduced due to the arrangement of the drainage plate 10, the shell is more easy to fall into the guide plate 6 and is guided to leave the machine body 1, one end of the guide plate 6 and one end of the drainage plate 10 far away from the machine body 1 are both fixedly provided with a limiting plate, and the limiting plate can reduce the probability that the shell is separated from the guide plate 6 and the drainage plate 10; organism 1 is provided with receiver 7 outward, and receiver 7 sets up in 6 lowest points below of deflector, and receiver 7 can concentrate the collection to the shell to make things convenient for the transport of shell.
Referring to fig. 2, the outer side of the rotating disc 2 is provided with a clamping assembly 8, the clamping assembly 8 is arranged on the machine body 1, the clamping assembly 8 comprises a clamping cylinder 81 installed on the machine body 1, a clamping table 82 fixedly arranged on a piston rod of the clamping cylinder 81 and a clamping roller 83 rotatably arranged on one side of the clamping table 82 facing the rotating disc 2, the clamping cylinder 81 drives the clamping table 82 to slide towards or away from the rotating disc 2, the steel bar is not easy to wind on the rotating disc 2 under the condition of no fixation, the clamping roller 83 is driven by the clamping cylinder 81, the distance between the clamping roller and the rotating disc 2 can be adjusted, thereby fixing the steel bar is realized, and the steel bar is convenient to wind on the rotating disc 2.
The implementation principle of the embodiment of the application is as follows: the steel bar with the oxide layer shell sequentially passes through the guide wheel 41, the bending wheel 42 and the guide wheel 41, then the steel bar is clamped between the rotating disc 2 and the clamping roller 83 through the clamping assembly 8, the rotating disc 2 is driven to rotate to wind the steel bar, the steel bar deforms at the bending mechanism 4 during the winding process to separate the surface oxide layer, and the separated oxide layer leaves the machine body 1 through the guide plate 6 and is collected in the storage box 7 so as to be refined subsequently; and after the winding on the rotating disc 2 is finished, the reinforcing steel bar is stirred to fall off under the action of tensile force and gravity and fall into the storage rack 3 for storage, and then the reinforcing steel bar is subjected to acid washing, phosphating and annealing, and then is subjected to wire drawing and shaping, so that the modification treatment of the reinforcing steel bar is finished.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A steel bar annealing process comprises the following steps:
step 1: removing shells, namely deforming and removing shells of the reinforcing steel bars by adopting shell removing equipment;
step 2: acid pickling, namely carrying out acid pickling on the steel bar after the shell is removed;
and step 3: phosphorizing, namely phosphorizing the pickled steel bar;
and 4, step 4: annealing, namely annealing the phosphated steel bar;
and 5: and (4) wire drawing and winding, namely performing wire drawing and winding on the annealed steel bar.
2. The annealing process of steel bars as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and collecting the surface oxide produced by shelling.
3. A equipment that shells for reinforcing bar annealing process which characterized in that: including organism (1), it is provided with rolling disc (2) to rotate on organism (1), and rolling disc (2) below is provided with accomodates frame (3), is provided with bending mechanism (4) on organism (1), and the reinforcing bar passes bending mechanism (4) and winds and establish on rolling disc (2).
4. The shelling equipment for a rebar annealing process as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the bending mechanism (4) comprises guide wheels (41) and bending wheels (42), wherein the two guide wheels (41) are arranged on the machine body (1) in a rotating mode, the bending wheels (42) are arranged between the two guide wheels (41) in a rotating mode, the lowest point of each bending wheel (42) is located between the lowest point and the highest point of each guide wheel (41), and reinforcing steel bars sequentially penetrate through the guide wheels (41), the bending wheels (42) and the guide wheels (41).
5. The shelling equipment for a rebar annealing process as claimed in claim 4, wherein: be provided with between wheel (42) and organism (1) adjusting part (5) buckle, adjusting part (5) are including adjusting cylinder (51), sliding block (52) and sliding groove (53), adjusting cylinder (51) inlay and establish in organism (1), sliding block (52) slide and set up on adjusting cylinder (51), sliding groove (53) are seted up on organism (1), the pivot of wheel (42) of buckling slides and sets up in sliding groove (53), and the pivot of wheel (42) of buckling sets firmly on sliding block (52), and adjusting cylinder (51) drive sliding block (52) slides along organism (1) direction of height.
6. The shelling equipment for a rebar annealing process as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a guide plate (6) is arranged below the bending mechanism (4), and the guide plate (6) is obliquely arranged towards the outside of the machine body (1).
7. The shelling equipment for a rebar annealing process as claimed in claim 6, wherein: a storage box (7) is arranged outside the machine body (1), and the storage box (7) is arranged below the lowest point of the guide plate (6).
8. The shelling equipment for a rebar annealing process as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the utility model discloses a rolling disc (2) is characterized in that the rolling disc (2) outside is provided with centre gripping subassembly (8), centre gripping subassembly (8) set up on organism (1), centre gripping subassembly (8) include centre gripping cylinder (81), grip table (82) and grip roller (83), install on organism (1) centre gripping cylinder (81), grip table (82) set firmly on the piston rod of centre gripping cylinder (81), grip cylinder (81) drive grip table (82) orientation is close to or keeps away from rolling disc (2) direction and slides, grip roller (83) rotate and set up in grip table (82) orientation rolling disc (2) one side.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202111342882.6A CN114160508A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment used for same |
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CN202111342882.6A CN114160508A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment used for same |
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CN114160508A true CN114160508A (en) | 2022-03-11 |
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CN202111342882.6A Pending CN114160508A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Steel bar annealing process and shelling equipment used for same |
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Citations (9)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US20040020021A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-05 | Rockford Manufacturing Group, Inc. | Quick set up wire descaler |
CN102002787A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-04-06 | 舟山市岱山飞舟新材料有限公司 | Carbon fiber expansion device |
CN201799482U (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2011-04-20 | 上海亿浩环保技术工程有限公司 | No-pickling shelling derusting machine |
CN203470535U (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-03-12 | 常州市正阳焊接材料有限公司 | Metal wire shelling device |
CN103769432A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-07 | 威海银兴预应力线材有限公司 | Steel strand production device and electrolysis phosphating technology |
CN103801584A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-21 | 无锡常欣科技股份有限公司 | Wire rod shelling device |
CN106001164A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-12 | 瑞安市塘下作虎标准件拉丝加工厂 | Drawbench and pay-off device thereof |
CN113172107A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | High-speed wire rod large-specification disc round-bag type improving process |
CN216297394U (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-04-15 | 海盐时雨金属科技有限公司 | Reinforcing bar equipment of shelling |
-
2021
- 2021-11-12 CN CN202111342882.6A patent/CN114160508A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20040020021A1 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-02-05 | Rockford Manufacturing Group, Inc. | Quick set up wire descaler |
CN201799482U (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2011-04-20 | 上海亿浩环保技术工程有限公司 | No-pickling shelling derusting machine |
CN102002787A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-04-06 | 舟山市岱山飞舟新材料有限公司 | Carbon fiber expansion device |
CN203470535U (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2014-03-12 | 常州市正阳焊接材料有限公司 | Metal wire shelling device |
CN103801584A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-21 | 无锡常欣科技股份有限公司 | Wire rod shelling device |
CN103769432A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-07 | 威海银兴预应力线材有限公司 | Steel strand production device and electrolysis phosphating technology |
CN106001164A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-12 | 瑞安市塘下作虎标准件拉丝加工厂 | Drawbench and pay-off device thereof |
CN113172107A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-07-27 | 江苏永钢集团有限公司 | High-speed wire rod large-specification disc round-bag type improving process |
CN216297394U (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-04-15 | 海盐时雨金属科技有限公司 | Reinforcing bar equipment of shelling |
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