CN114151091B - CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum - Google Patents
CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN114151091B CN114151091B CN202111549794.3A CN202111549794A CN114151091B CN 114151091 B CN114151091 B CN 114151091B CN 202111549794 A CN202111549794 A CN 202111549794A CN 114151091 B CN114151091 B CN 114151091B
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- lower step
- strength concrete
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a CRD construction method and a CRD construction structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum, which comprise the steps of erecting a grid steel frame, temporary vertical supports, temporary transverse supports and jet early-strength concrete. The temporary cross braces of the left pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel lag the construction of the upper step tunnel face, and the lag distance is not more than one time of the tunnel diameter; the lagged temporary cross brace is replaced by spraying early strength concrete; the lower step and the upper step are excavated by adopting a micro-step method, and the sprayed early-strength concrete between the face of the lower step and the lagging cross brace is broken during blasting excavation of the lower step; the earthwork dug by the upper step needs to be transported to the lower step through a gap between the palm face of the lower step and the lagging cross brace and then transported away from the lower step, so that the soil is prevented from being discharged from the upper opening of the cross brace. The application effectively solves the problem that the cross braces are damaged in the CRD blasting excavation of the upper soft and lower hard stratum and the problem of the soil discharge of the upper step, ensures the engineering safety, accelerates the construction speed and shortens the construction period.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of subway section tunnel and railway tunnel construction, in particular to a CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum.
Background
At present, the CRD method is widely used for uniform fourth-line stratum, and mechanical excavation is adopted, so that the influence on temporary transverse bracing is small. The conventional CRD method is used for excavating the upper pilot tunnel, and the temporary steel frame, the temporary vertical support and the temporary transverse support are erected immediately after the upper pilot tunnel is excavated, the temporary support is closely attached to the upper step face, and the upper pilot tunnel is sealed step by step to form a ring, so that better stress is achieved. The lower step adopts mechanical excavation, and temporary steel frames and temporary vertical supports are erected immediately after the mechanical excavation. The temporary cross braces are generally required to be provided with soil outlets at certain intervals, so that the soil on the upper steps is convenient to go up.
For some special areas, the tunnel is located at the upper part of the fourth system soil layer, while the lower part is located at a stratum with higher strength, and blasting excavation is needed. When the lower part adopts blasting excavation, the temporary cross braces which are erected can be damaged, the structural safety is endangered, and meanwhile, the waste of engineering materials is also caused. In addition, the method that the soil outlet hole is formed in the temporary cross brace to meet the requirement of the step, not only is the soil outlet efficiency lower, but also the small vehicle walks on the cross brace, so that the load of the cross brace is increased, and the risk is increased.
In summary, the current CRD method cannot well meet the blasting excavation requirement of the upper soft and lower hard stratum, and needs to be solved by providing a new scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the application provides a CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a CRD construction method suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum comprises the following steps:
the temporary cross braces of the left pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel lag the construction of the upper step tunnel face, and the lag distance is not more than one time of the tunnel diameter; the lagged temporary cross brace is replaced by spraying early strength concrete;
the sprayed early-strength concrete, the steel frame of the upper step and the temporary vertical support are sealed to form a ring, and the sprayed early-strength concrete should closely follow the face of the upper step;
the lower step and the upper step are excavated by adopting a micro-step method, and the sprayed early-strength concrete between the face of the lower step and the lagging cross brace is broken during blasting excavation of the lower step;
the earthwork dug by the upper step needs to be transported to the lower step through a gap between the palm face of the lower step and the lagging cross brace and then transported away from the lower step, so that the soil is prevented from being discharged from the upper opening of the cross brace.
Further, the sprayed early strength concrete is adopted instead, and the strength of the concrete is not suitable to be lower than C25.
Further, the distance between the face of the lower step and the lagged wale is 2-3 m.
The application also relates to a supporting structure suitable for the construction method, which comprises a plurality of grid steel frames, temporary vertical supports, temporary transverse supports and early-strength concrete; temporary vertical supports and temporary transverse supports support a plurality of grid steel frames; the spacing between the left and right guide hole supporting sub-surfaces is more than 15m.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:
the CRD is mainly suitable for uniform fourth-line soil layers, mechanical excavation is adopted, and partial holes are formed in the transverse support to meet the soil yielding requirement. For some special areas, the tunnel is located at the upper part of the fourth system soil layer, while the lower part is located at a stratum with higher strength, and blasting excavation is needed. When the lower part adopts blasting excavation, the temporary transverse support can be damaged, and the structural safety is endangered.
The application provides a method for erecting a lagged face of a cross brace, which adopts a temporary injection early-strength inverted arch concrete excavation method, not only can ensure the looping of the primary support step by step, but also can avoid the situation that the cross brace is damaged by blasting excavation due to early erection. In addition, the problem of soil emergence of the upper step can be solved through the lag of the cross brace, and a soil emergence hole is not required to be formed in the cross brace. Specific:
(1) The cross brace is erected in a lagging way, so that the problem that the cross brace is damaged by the blasting excavation of the lower step is effectively solved, and the problem of soil yielding of the upper step is solved. In the past, interim stull, grid steelframe and interim erects to prop up the step face of keeping up, adopts bolt or welded connection fixed between the three after setting up, and when the blasting excavation of step down like this, the rock of stull bottom can strike the interim stull steelframe that the top has been set up under the effect of blasting, and the light then stull warp, and the heavy then stull breaks the drop with erecting the joint between propping, stull and the grid steelframe, causes the primary support of step to become invalid. According to the application, the lagging range of the cross brace is temporarily replaced by early-strength concrete, when the lower step is blasted and excavated, the blasted and damaged sprayed concrete is sprayed between the face of the lower step and the lagging cross brace, and a hole of 2-3 m is formed between the face of the lower step and the temporary cross brace after the blasted and damaged sprayed concrete is dismantled, so that the earthwork excavated by the upper step can be transported to the lower step through the hole and then transported away from the lower step, the formed hole can be used as a channel for excavating soil from the upper step, and the problem that small vehicles are used for transporting soil on the cross brace for spacing holes on the temporary cross brace in the past is avoided.
(2) The upper step inverted arch is sprayed with the temporary early-strength concrete to replace the temporary cross brace, so that the primary support is immediately following the face, the steps are looped, and the better stress of the primary support is realized. If only temporary vertical supports and grid steel frames are erected, the stress system is not closed, the bottoms of the temporary vertical supports and the grid steel frames are unstable, the deformation is large, and the skirting is damaged. If the temporary cross brace is replaced by the early-strength concrete, the temporary vertical brace and the grid steel frame form a closed triangular stress system or an approximate circular stress system, the structural stress is uniform, the material strength can be fully exerted, and the structure is safer.
Drawings
The relevant pictorial representations are provided herein for a clearer, more detailed, more specific description of the basic content, basic features, and basic connotation of the present application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a CRD method for blasting excavation of an upper soft lower hard stratum;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a CRD method of blasting excavation of an upper soft lower hard stratum;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in the drawing;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view B-B of the drawing;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of the drawing;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line D-D of the drawing;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the E-E of the drawing;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of F-F in the drawing;
the reference numerals in fig. 1-8 are: 1. the first grid steel frame, 2, the second grid steel frame, 3, the third grid steel frame, 4, the fourth grid steel frame, 5, the first temporary stull, 6, the temporary vertical support, 7, the temporary vertical support, 8, the temporary stull of second.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments, all other embodiments that may be obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present application.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be given the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this embodiment, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are meant to encompass the elements or items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof without precluding other elements or items. "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication between the two parts. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "transverse", and "vertical", etc. are used merely with respect to the orientation of the components in the drawings, these directional terms are relative terms used for describing and clarifying the relative positions between the components, which may be changed accordingly to the changes in the orientation in which the components are placed in the drawings.
In order to make the technical features, structural compositions, methods of use and technical effects of the present application clear, specific embodiments of the present application are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment is a CRD construction method suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum, comprising the following steps:
firstly, excavating a face I, immediately erecting a first grid steel frame 1 and a temporary vertical support 6 after excavating, and timely spraying early-strength concrete a.
And secondly, excavating a face II, erecting a second grid steel frame 2 and a temporary vertical support 7 in time, breaking early-strength concrete a on the upper part of the lower step, forming a vertical channel by the upper step, the lower step and a temporary lagging transverse support, and facilitating the unearthing of the upper step I.
And thirdly, along with the excavation of the upper step I and the lower step II, the first temporary transverse support 5 is erected in time, the distance between the first temporary transverse support 5 and the tunnel face I is not suitable to exceed one time of the excavation hole diameter, and meanwhile, the distance between the first temporary transverse support 5 and the tunnel face II is controlled to be 2-3 m more suitable.
And fourthly, when the excavation of the face I is larger than 15m, performing excavation of the face III, erecting a third grid steel frame 3 in time and spraying early-strength concrete b, and sealing into a ring in time.
And fifthly, excavating the lower step IV, erecting a fourth grid steel frame 4 in time, breaking early-strength concrete b on the upper part of the lower step, forming a vertical channel by the upper step IV, the lower step and the lagging temporary cross support, and facilitating the unearthing of the upper step III.
And sixthly, along with the excavation of the upper step III and the lower step IV, the second temporary transverse support 8 is erected in time, the distance between the second temporary transverse support 8 and the tunnel face III is not suitable to exceed one time of the excavation hole diameter, and meanwhile, the distance between the second temporary transverse support 8 and the tunnel face IV is controlled to be 2-3 m more suitable.
The implementation also relates to a supporting structure suitable for the construction method, which comprises a grid steel frame, a temporary vertical support, a temporary transverse support and early-strength concrete; temporary vertical supports and temporary transverse supports support a plurality of grid steel frames; the spacing between the left and right guide hole supporting sub-surfaces is more than 15m.
After the four tunnel faces are excavated, the scheme of injecting early-strength concrete to replace temporary crossbrace and lagging erection of the temporary crossbrace is adopted, and the temporary crossbrace is sequentially and circularly propelled until the tunnel is completely penetrated. The scheme not only solves the problem that the lower step blasting excavates the temporary cross brace, but also solves the problem of soil yielding of the upper step, improves the construction efficiency and ensures the safety of engineering.
The above examples are only examples of the application of the present application and do not limit the scope of the application of the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are all within the scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. The CRD construction method suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, excavating a tunnel face I, immediately erecting a first grid steel frame and a temporary vertical support after excavating, and timely spraying early-strength concrete a;
secondly, excavating a tunnel face II, erecting a second grid steel frame and a temporary vertical support in time, breaking early-strength concrete a at the upper part of a lower step, forming a vertical channel by the upper step, the lower step and a lagging temporary transverse support, and facilitating the soil discharge of the upper step I;
thirdly, along with the excavation of the upper step I and the lower step II, temporary transverse braces are erected in time, and the distance between the temporary transverse braces and the tunnel face I is not more than one time of excavation hole diameter;
fourthly, when the excavation of the face I is larger than 15m, excavating the face III, erecting a third grid steel frame in time and spraying early-strength concrete b, and sealing the tunnel into a ring in time;
fifthly, excavating a lower step IV, erecting a fourth grid steel frame in time, breaking early-strength concrete b at the upper part of the lower step, forming a vertical channel by the upper step IV, the lower step and a lagging temporary cross brace, and facilitating the unearthing of the upper step III;
and sixthly, along with the excavation of the upper step III and the lower step IV, temporary transverse braces are erected in time, and the distance between the temporary transverse braces and the tunnel face III is not more than one time of excavation hole diameter.
2. The CRD method for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard formations according to claim 1, wherein: the sprayed early strength concrete is adopted to replace the sprayed early strength concrete, and the strength of the concrete is not lower than C25.
3. The CRD method for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard formations according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between the face of the lower step and the lagged cross brace is 2-3 m.
4. A support structure suitable for use in the CRD construction method for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard formations according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: comprises a plurality of grid steel frames, temporary vertical supports, temporary transverse supports and early-strength concrete; temporary vertical supports and temporary transverse supports support a plurality of grid steel frames; the grid steel frames are arranged on the corresponding support surfaces; the spacing between the left and right guide hole supporting sub-surfaces is more than 15m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111549794.3A CN114151091B (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111549794.3A CN114151091B (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | CRD construction method and structure suitable for blasting excavation of upper soft and lower hard stratum |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114151091A CN114151091A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
| CN114151091B true CN114151091B (en) | 2023-10-31 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007321490A (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-13 | Shimizu Corp | Tunnel excavation method |
| KR101391218B1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2014-05-28 | 주식회사 하이콘엔지니어링 | Construction methods of close-twin tunnel by blast shock-controlling and rebar reinforced shotcrete |
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| CN109139021A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-04 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of more pilot tunnel Construction Organization Methods of multi-step |
| CN111441802A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-07-24 | 济南城建集团有限公司 | Temporary inverted arch dismantling replacement structure and process in tunnel constructed by CRD method |
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| CN112483126A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-12 | 中铁十九局集团第五工程有限公司 | Construction method of underground excavation air duct of composite stratum with upper soft part and lower hard part |
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2021
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| CN114151091A (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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