CN114148046B - Aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114148046B
CN114148046B CN202111253443.8A CN202111253443A CN114148046B CN 114148046 B CN114148046 B CN 114148046B CN 202111253443 A CN202111253443 A CN 202111253443A CN 114148046 B CN114148046 B CN 114148046B
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layer
less
skin
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CN114148046A (en
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曹琦
孙磊
张斌
习博建
刘二磊
周德敬
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Yinbang Clad Material Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/466—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
    • B21B2201/06—Thermomechanical rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses an aluminum alloy composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the material is a four-layer aluminum alloy composite material for an oil cooler and comprises a skin layer 1, a skin layer 2, an intermediate layer and a core material layer; wherein, the intermediate layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn:1.1 to 1.5 percent of Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum. By introducing the intermediate layer, the thickness of the lamellar corrosion is increased, and a hot rolling method of four layers of materials with larger composite proportion is adopted, so that the corrosion resistance of the material is improved.

Description

Aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to an aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy has a plurality of excellent characteristics such as low density, high specific strength, high heat conductivity coefficient, easy processing, good corrosion resistance, excellent cost performance and the like. These excellent characteristics are very suitable for the requirement of light weight of automobiles. The density of aluminum is only about 30% of that of copper, and the requirement of reducing the quality of the oil cooler can be met.
The oil cooler used on the automobile is mostly made of copper and copper alloy in the past. In 1967, the united states scientist invented a fluxless brazing technique to solve the brazing problems of aluminum and aluminum alloys. Since then, aluminum alloy is greatly favored by oil cooler manufacturers, and becomes the preferred material of automobile oil coolers, and all-aluminum automobile oil cooler enterprises are rapidly developed, and the automobile oil coolers are assembled and brazed by adopting extruded porous aluminum tubes or high-frequency brazing flat aluminum tubes and three-layer aluminum alloy composite brazing strips (which are manufactured by adopting an AL-Mn AA3003 as a core material and a silicon alloy as a brazing layer and adopting a pressure processing method).
Although the traditional three-layer aluminum alloy composite material has mature production process, the service life of the traditional three-layer aluminum alloy composite material is limited due to corrosion resistance, even though the traditional three-layer aluminum alloy composite material is alloyed, only one layer with a thinner thickness direction can realize layered corrosion, and the corrosion resistance is improved, but still the requirements of high-end customers are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the art, the application provides an aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the method, the interlayer is introduced to increase the thickness of lamellar corrosion, the interlayer is made of soft alloy, the deformation and tensile difference between the interlayer and the core material and the skin material is large, and a hot rolling method of four layers of materials with large composite proportion is adopted to improve the corrosion resistance of the materials.
According to one aspect of the application, the aluminum alloy composite material is a four-layer aluminum alloy composite material for an oil cooler and comprises a skin material layer, an intermediate layer and a core material layer;
according to some embodiments of the present application, the intermediate layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn:1.1 to 1.5 percent of Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The skin material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:10.0 to 12.0 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum;
the core material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:0.25 to 0.50 percent, fe:0.20 to 0.50 percent, cu:0.50 to 0.70 percent, mn:1.2 to 1.7 percent of Mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, ti:0.04 to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the intermediate layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn:1.2 to 1.5 percent of Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
The skin material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:11.0 to 12.0 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum;
the core material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:0.10 to 0.50 percent, fe:0.20 to 0.50 percent, cu:0.50 to 0.70 percent, mn:1.2 to 1.7 percent of Mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, ti:0.04 to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
According to some embodiments of the application, the thickness ratio of the skin material layer 1 to the skin material layer 2 is 6-10%; the thickness ratio of the intermediate layer is 15-30%; the balance is core material.
According to another aspect of the present application, a method of preparing an aluminum alloy composite material includes:
casting to prepare a skin layer 1, a skin layer 2, an intermediate layer and a core material layer;
milling the surfaces, namely milling the surfaces of the skin material layer 1, the skin material layer 2, the middle layer and the core material layer;
hot rolling, namely hot rolling the skin layer 1, the skin layer 2 and the middle layer respectively;
compounding and hot rolling, namely compounding the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 and then hot rolling;
cold rolling, namely cold rolling four layers of composite materials;
annealing, wherein the cold rolled coil is annealed.
According to some embodiments of the application, the casting comprises:
adding the raw materials of the skin layer 1 and the skin layer 2 into a smelting furnace, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring for 2 times at the smelting temperature of 730-750 ℃ for 10-15 minutes each time; adding the mixture into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, and casting is started after standing for 40 minutes, and the casting temperature is 680-690 ℃;
raw materials of the middle layer and the core material layer are added into a smelting furnace, the smelting temperature is 730-760 ℃, and the materials are subjected to electromagnetic stirring for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes; then adding the mixture into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, and standing is carried out for 50 minutes; then adding the mixture into a casting machine for casting ingots, wherein the casting temperature is 695-705 ℃.
Further, the casting time is determined according to the casting speed and length.
Optionally, the skin layer ingot casting specification is 450×1220×4600mm; the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm; the specification of the core material layer cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
According to some embodiments of the application, the single-side milling amount of the milling surface is 8-10mm, the thickness of the cast ingot after the surface milling is reduced by 16-20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
According to some embodiments of the application, the hot rolling comprises: the skin material layer and the middle layer are cast into ingots, and are put into a heating furnace to be heated to 480-500 ℃, and are kept at the temperature for 3-5 hours, and hot rolling is respectively carried out after the ingots are discharged from the furnace;
namely, the ingot is hot rolled into the required thickness, and the thickness is calculated according to the requirement of the intermediate layer compound ratio; the hot rolling pass is determined according to the thickness of the cast ingot and the thickness of the rolling target.
Optionally, the hot rolled skin has a cut length of 4300mm and the middle layer has a cut length of 4400mm;
the composite hot rolling includes: the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 are compounded and then put into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to be heated to 490-510 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3-5 hours, and the hot rolled coil with the thickness of 5-8mm is discharged from the furnace and hot rolled;
if the hot rolled coil is too thick, the subsequent cold rolling process passes are excessive, and the productivity is wasted; if too thin, the hot rolled coil breaks greatly which is detrimental to cold rolling.
Optionally, the composite hot rolling passes are 25-30 times;
optionally, the reduction of the first 5 passes is 1-2 mm per pass; the pressing amount after 5 passes is 10-35mm for each pass;
optionally, the compounding manner is: after the leather 1, the middle layer, the core material and the leather 2 are sequentially laminated, the steel belt with the width of 4cm is used for binding and tightening the head, the middle and the tail of the ingot.
According to some embodiments of the application, the cold rolling comprises: rolling the four layers of the hot-rolled composite material into a cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm;
according to some embodiments of the application, the cold rolling comprises: the four layers of the composite material after hot rolling is rolled into a cold rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm through 3-4 passes;
the annealing includes: putting the cold rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, keeping the annealing temperature at 360-400 ℃, and discharging after 3h of heat preservation;
optionally, the cold rolling is performed after the 1 st pass rolling, and then the rest pass rolling is performed.
According to some embodiments of the present application, the method further comprises: sawing is carried out after casting;
optionally, the sawing is cutting off a defective portion of the ingot;
optionally, sawing is: sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the ingot after sawing is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the ingot are unchanged;
optionally, the method further comprises: homogenizing after milling the surface;
preferably, the homogenizing comprises: and (5) placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 590-610 ℃, preserving heat for 10-12 h, discharging and cooling.
According to a further aspect of the application, the aluminum alloy composite material and/or the aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method are applied to the field of automobiles;
alternatively in automotive oil coolers.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the application comprise one or more of the following:
according to the embodiment of the application, the aluminum alloy composite material is provided, and is a four-layer aluminum alloy composite material for an oil cooler, and comprises a skin layer 1, a skin layer 2, an intermediate layer and a core material layer; wherein, the middle layer is soft alloy, and has larger deformation and tensile difference with the core material and the skin material; the material has high corrosion resistance, increases the middle layer, has larger composite proportion, contains more Zn elements in the middle layer and has low potential, the layer is corroded preferentially, the core material can be corroded after the corrosion is finished, and the protection effect on the core material is facilitated.
According to the embodiment of the application, the application provides a preparation method of an aluminum alloy composite material, and the bonding pass of the method adopts small reduction, 1-2 mm, in the hot rolling and clad rolling process, so that bonding is facilitated; and the roll gap is not formed in the hot rolling bonding pass, so that impact caused by biting is reduced, bonding among different layers of metals is facilitated, and the peeling bubble defect is reduced.
According to the embodiment of the application, welding is not needed, so that bubbles and peeling caused by welding slag splashing into the space between layers are avoided, deformation of the middle layer is prevented by controlling the pressing amount, firm adhesion is ensured, and the defect of bubble peeling is avoided; the method also adopts nitrogen atmosphere furnace annealing, and the composite material can be ensured to have no oil stain without cleaning before annealing; the method also carries out intermediate annealing after cold rolling for one pass, and can improve the elongation by 3-5%.
According to the embodiment of the application, the aluminum alloy material intermediate layer is made of soft alloy, the deformation tensile strength is smaller, the difference between the deformation tensile strength and the hardness of the aluminum alloy material intermediate layer and the core material is large, and the deformation tensile strength difference between the aluminum alloy material intermediate layer and the skin material and the core material is large. Meanwhile, the thickness ratio of the two layers of leather material is 6-10%, the thickness ratio of the middle layer is 15-30%, the composite ratio of the middle layer is larger, and the whole middle layer serves as a sacrificial layer for lamellar corrosion, so that the aluminum alloy material has good corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of rolling directions according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
As described above, in the background art, although the production process of the conventional three-layer aluminum alloy composite material is mature, the service life of the three-layer aluminum alloy composite material is limited due to corrosion resistance, and even though the three-layer aluminum alloy composite material is alloyed, only one layer with a thinner thickness can realize layered corrosion, and the corrosion resistance still needs to be improved. At present, four layers of aluminum alloy composite materials are adopted in the field to improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy composite materials, however, the application finds that the conventional 3003 aluminum alloy is mainly adopted as an intermediate layer material for the four layers of aluminum alloy composite materials, and the composite is relatively low, so that although the corrosion resistance can be improved theoretically, the corrosion resistance cannot be obviously improved actually, and therefore, the application provides an aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It is particularly pointed out that similar substitutions and modifications made in relation to the present application will be apparent to a person skilled in the art and are all considered to be included in the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that modifications and variations can be made in the methods and applications described herein, or in the appropriate variations and combinations, without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application.
The application is carried out according to the conventional conditions or the conditions suggested by manufacturers if the specific conditions are not noted, and the raw materials or auxiliary materials and the reagents or the equipment are conventional products which can be obtained commercially if the manufacturers are not noted.
According to the technical conception of the application, an aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method and application thereof are provided.
The present application is described in detail below.
The aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following components:
Figure BDA0003323142970000071
the intermediate layer of the aluminum alloy composite material is soft alloy, and has great difference between the hardness of the intermediate layer and the hardness of the core material layer and the hardness of the skin material layer, so that the deformation tensile difference is increased, the hot rolling deformation process is more complicated due to the difference, the rolling difficulty is greatly increased, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy composite material overcomes the problems, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting, namely adding raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the weight percentages of the components of the skin material, the middle layer and the core material,
the leather is smelted at 730-750 ℃ and is stirred for 2 times under electromagnetic stirring for 10-15 minutes each time, and is refined in a standing furnace at 720-740 ℃ for 20 minutes, and casting is started after standing for 40 minutes at 680-690 ℃;
the smelting temperature of the middle layer and the core material is 730-760 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, standing is carried out for 50 minutes, and the casting temperature is 695-705 ℃;
the specification of the skin material cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1220 multiplied by 4600mm, the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm, and the specification of the core material cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
(2) Sawing, namely sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the sawed ingot is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the sawed ingot are unchanged.
(3) Milling the surface, namely milling the surface of each ingot on two sides, wherein the milling amount of one side is 10mm, the thickness of the ingot after milling the surface is reduced by 20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
(4) Homogenizing, placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 590-610 ℃, preserving heat for 10-12 h, discharging and cooling.
(5) Hot rolling the skin and the middle layer, namely placing the skin and the middle layer cast ingot into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to be heated to 480-500 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 h, discharging and hot rolling, and rolling into a plate with required thickness according to the design of a composite ratio, wherein the shearing length of the skin is 4300mm, and the shearing length of the middle layer is 4400mm;
(6) The composite hot rolling is carried out, after the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 are compounded, the composite hot rolling is put into a vertical pushing type heating furnace for heating to 490-510 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3-5 hours, and the hot rolling is carried out after the hot rolling is carried out to a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 5-8 mm;
the composite hot rolling pass is 25-30 times;
the first 5 passes are binding passes, the reduction of each pass is 1-2 mm, the material does not go out of a roll gap (namely, the material is always in contact with a roll and continues to roll in the opposite direction) when each pass is finished, and the reduction after 5 passes is 10-35mm.
(7) Cold rolling, namely cold rolling the four layers of composite materials into a cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm through 3-4 times; and (3) performing intermediate annealing after the cold rolling of the 1 st pass, and performing the rest pass rolling.
(8) Annealing the finished product, namely placing the cold rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 360-400 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, discharging, and cutting into a proper width and a proper coil diameter according to the application of the material after annealing;
(9) The test shows that the tensile strength is 140-160 MPa, the yield strength is 48-70 MPa, and the elongation is 22-28%.
The method does not need welding, and avoids bubbles and peeling caused by welding slag splashing into the space between layers; the pressing amount is controlled, so that the deformation of the middle layer is prevented, the firm adhesion is ensured, and the defect of peeling of bubbles is avoided; the method also adopts nitrogen atmosphere furnace annealing, and the composite material can be ensured to have no oil stain without cleaning before annealing; the method also carries out intermediate annealing after cold rolling for one pass, and can improve the elongation by 3-5%.
The corrosion performance principle of the present application: the greater the thickness of the lamellar corrosion, the better the corrosion performance. There are two main aspects of layered corrosion: (1) The Zn element content is high, the corrosion potential is low, and the sacrificial protection effect is realized; (2) The composition is optimized, the intermediate compounding ratio is increased, and the thickness with lamellar corrosion is further increased. Meanwhile, the defect of high rolling difficulty is overcome.
The present application is described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The preparation of the aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting, namely adding raw materials into a smelting furnace to prepare each layer of material according to the weight percentage of each component,
the leather smelting temperature is 730 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times each for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, standing is carried out for 40 minutes, and the casting temperature is 690 ℃;
the smelting temperature of the middle layer and the core material is 740 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, casting is carried out after standing for 50 minutes, and the casting temperature is 695 ℃;
the specification of the skin material cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1220 multiplied by 4600mm, the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm, and the specification of the core material cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
(2) Sawing, namely sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the sawed ingot is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the sawed ingot are unchanged.
(3) Milling the surface, namely milling the surface of each ingot on two sides, wherein the milling amount of one side is 10mm, the thickness of the ingot after milling the surface is reduced by 20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
(4) Homogenizing, placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 610 ℃, preserving heat for 10 hours, discharging and cooling.
(5) Hot rolling the leather and the middle layer, namely placing the leather and the middle layer cast ingot into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to be heated to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, discharging and hot rolling, and rolling into a plate with the required thickness according to the design of the composite ratio, wherein the shearing length of the leather is 4300mm, and the shearing length of the middle layer is 4400mm;
(6) The composite hot rolling is carried out, after the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 are compounded, the composite hot rolling is put into a vertical pushing type heating furnace for heating to 490 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 5 hours, and the hot rolling is carried out after the hot rolling is carried out, so as to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 6mm;
the first 5 passes are binding passes, the rolling reduction is 1mm each time, and the material does not go out of the roll gap when each pass is finished (namely, the material is always in contact with a roll and continues to roll in the opposite direction).
(7) Cold rolling, namely, rolling the four-layer composite material into a cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6mm through 4 times; and (3) performing intermediate annealing after the cold rolling of the 1 st pass, and performing the rest 3 passes.
(8) And (3) annealing the finished product, namely placing the cold rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 360 ℃, and discharging after heat preservation for 3 hours.
The aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following components:
Figure BDA0003323142970000101
wherein, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 50mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the middle layer is 108mm (the thickness ratio is 15-20%), the thickness of the core material layer is 360mm, and the total thickness of the composite material is 568mm.
Tensile properties are 160MPa; yield performance 70MPa; the elongation percentage was 22%.
Example 2
The preparation of the aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting, namely adding raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the weight percentage of each component to prepare the skin material, the middle layer and the core material respectively,
the leather is smelted at 750 ℃ and is stirred for 2 times in an electromagnetic way for 10 minutes each time, and is refined in a standing furnace at 740 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is kept stand for 40 minutes at 680 ℃;
the smelting temperature of the middle layer and the core material is 730 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 750 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, standing is carried out for 50 minutes, and the casting temperature is 705 ℃;
the specification of the skin material cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1220 multiplied by 4600mm, the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm, and the specification of the core material cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
(2) Sawing, namely sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the sawed ingot is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the sawed ingot are unchanged.
(3) Milling the surface, namely milling the surface of each ingot on two sides, wherein the milling amount of one side is 10mm, the thickness of the ingot after milling the surface is reduced by 20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
(4) Homogenizing, placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 590 ℃, preserving heat for 12 hours, discharging and cooling.
(5) Hot rolling the leather and the middle layer, namely placing the leather and the middle layer cast ingot into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to be heated to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours, discharging and hot rolling, and rolling into a plate with the required thickness according to the design of the composite ratio, wherein the shearing length of the leather is 4300mm, and the shearing length of the middle layer is 4400mm;
(6) Compounding and hot rolling, namely putting the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 into a vertical pushing type heating furnace for heating to 510 ℃ after compounding, preserving heat for 3 hours, and taking out of the furnace and hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 6mm;
the first 5 passes are binding passes, the reduction is 2mm, and the material does not go out of the roll gap when each pass is completed (namely, the material is always in contact with a roll and continues to roll in the opposite direction).
(7) Cold rolling, namely, rolling the four-layer composite material into a cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.8mm through 4 times; and (3) performing intermediate annealing after the cold rolling of the 1 st pass, and performing the rest 3 passes.
(8) And (3) annealing the finished product, namely placing the cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.8mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 400 ℃, and discharging after heat preservation for 3 hours.
The aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003323142970000121
wherein, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 55mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the intermediate layer is 150mm (the thickness ratio is 20-25%), the thickness of the core material layer is 360mm, and the total thickness of the composite material is 620mm.
Tensile properties of 150MPa; yield performance 60MPa; the elongation percentage was 26%.
Example 3
The preparation of the aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting, namely adding raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the weight percentages of the components of the skin material, the middle layer and the core material,
the skin material is smelted at 740 ℃ and is stirred for 2 times in an electromagnetic way for 10 minutes each time, and is refined in a standing furnace at 720 ℃ for 20 minutes and is kept stand for 40 minutes, and the casting temperature is 685 ℃;
the smelting temperature of the middle layer and the core material is 750 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 740 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, standing is carried out for 50 minutes, and the casting temperature is 700 ℃;
the specification of the skin material cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1220 multiplied by 4600mm, the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm, and the specification of the core material cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
(2) Sawing, namely sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the sawed ingot is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the sawed ingot are unchanged.
(3) Milling the surface, namely milling the surface of each ingot on two sides, wherein the milling amount of one side is 10mm, the thickness of the ingot after milling the surface is reduced by 20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
(4) Homogenizing, placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 11h, discharging and cooling.
(5) Hot rolling the leather and the middle layer, namely placing the leather and the middle layer cast ingot into a vertical pushing type heating furnace, heating to 490 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, discharging, hot rolling, and rolling into a plate with the required thickness according to the design of the composite ratio, wherein the shearing length of the leather is 4300mm, and the shearing length of the middle layer is 4400mm;
(6) Compounding and hot rolling, namely putting the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 into a vertical pushing type heating furnace for heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, discharging from the furnace and hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 6mm;
the first 5 passes are binding passes, the reduction is 1.5mm, and the material does not go out of the roll gap when each pass is completed (namely, the material is always in contact with a roll and continues to roll in the opposite direction).
(7) Cold rolling, namely cold-rolled rolls with the thickness of 1.0mm are formed by 3 times of rolling of the four layers of composite materials; and (3) performing intermediate annealing after the cold rolling of the 1 st pass, and performing the rest 2 passes.
(8) And (3) annealing the finished product, namely placing the cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 1.0mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 380 ℃, and discharging after heat preservation for 3 hours.
The aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003323142970000131
Figure BDA0003323142970000141
wherein, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 50mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the intermediate layer is 160mm (the thickness ratio is 25-30%), the thickness of the core material layer is 300mm, and the total thickness of the composite material is 565mm.
Tensile properties of 140MPa; yield performance 48MPa; the elongation percentage is 28%.
Example 4
The preparation of the aluminum alloy composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Casting, namely adding raw materials into a smelting furnace according to the weight percentage of each component to prepare the skin material, the middle layer and the core material respectively,
the leather is smelted at 750 ℃ and is stirred for 2 times in an electromagnetic way for 10 minutes each time, and is refined in a standing furnace at 740 ℃ for 20 minutes, and is kept stand for 40 minutes at 680 ℃;
the smelting temperature of the middle layer and the core material is 730 ℃, electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes, refining is carried out in a standing furnace, the refining temperature is 750 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, standing is carried out for 50 minutes, and the casting temperature is 705 ℃;
the specification of the skin material cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1220 multiplied by 4600mm, the specification of the middle layer cast ingot is 450 multiplied by 1210 multiplied by 4600mm, and the specification of the core material cast ingot is 380 multiplied by 1290 multiplied by 4600mm.
(2) Sawing, namely sawing the head of each ingot by 200mm, sawing the tail of each ingot by 100mm, wherein the length of the sawed ingot is 4300mm, and the thickness and the width of the sawed ingot are unchanged.
(3) Milling the surface, namely milling the surface of each ingot on two sides, wherein the milling amount of one side is 10mm, the thickness of the ingot after milling the surface is reduced by 20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
(4) Homogenizing, placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 605 ℃, preserving heat for 10h, discharging and cooling.
(5) Hot rolling the skin and the middle layer, namely placing the skin and the middle layer cast ingot into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to be heated to 495 ℃, preserving heat for 4 hours, discharging and hot rolling, and rolling into a plate with required thickness according to a composite ratio design, wherein the shearing length of the skin is 4300mm, and the shearing length of the middle layer is 4400mm;
(6) Compounding and hot rolling, namely putting the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 into a vertical pushing type heating furnace to heat to 505 ℃ after compounding, preserving heat for 4 hours, and taking out of the furnace and hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 6mm;
the first 5 passes are binding passes, the reduction is 1.5mm, and the material does not go out of the roll gap when each pass is completed (namely, the material is always in contact with a roll and continues to roll in the opposite direction).
(7) Cold rolling, namely cold-rolled rolls with the thickness of 1.2mm are formed by 3 times of rolling of the four layers of composite materials; and (3) performing intermediate annealing after the cold rolling of the 1 st pass, and performing the rest 2 passes.
(8) And (3) annealing the finished product, namely placing the cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 1.2mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 390 ℃, and discharging after heat preservation for 3 hours.
The aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003323142970000151
wherein, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 55mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the middle layer is 168mm (the thickness ratio is 22-27%), the thickness of the core material layer is 360mm, and the total thickness of the composite material is 683mm.
Tensile properties of 148MPa; yield performance 58MPa; the elongation percentage is 28%.
Comparative example 1
Removing the middle layer in the embodiment 1, compounding according to three layers, wherein the conventional 3003 alloy is used as the core material, the skin alloy is unchanged, the production process is the same, and the thickness of the finished product is 0.6mm;
the aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following components:
Figure BDA0003323142970000152
Figure BDA0003323142970000161
wherein, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 45mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the core material layer is 430mm, and the total thickness of the composite material is 520mm.
Tensile properties are 125MPa; yield performance 42MPa; the elongation percentage was 30%.
Comparative example 2
In the four-layer alloy in the embodiment 3, the composition of each layer of alloy is unchanged, the composite proportion of the intermediate layer is reduced to 8-12%, the thickness of the skin material layer 1 and the skin material layer 2 is 45mm (the thickness ratio is 6-10%), the thickness of the intermediate layer is 55mm (the thickness ratio is 8-12%), the thickness of the core material layer is 360mm, the total thickness of the composite material is 505mm, the production process is the same, and the thickness of a finished product is 1.0mm.
The aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003323142970000162
tensile properties of 142MPa; yield performance 50MPa; the elongation percentage is 28%.
Test examples
Corrosion durability test
The test method comprises the following steps:
1. samples of the aluminum alloy composite materials of the examples and comparative examples were prepared;
2. the above samples were placed in the aqueous solutions for the inner corrosion durability test (table below) and circulated under the following conditions:
in the first stage, the temperature of the aqueous solution with the sample is raised to 88 ℃ within 0.5h, and the aqueous solution is kept for 7.5h, and is stirred at the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute in the whole stage;
and a second section: standing for 16h at room temperature;
2. the two phases are then repeated.
The two phases are completed for 24 hours, and 1 time is repeated for 1 day for 30 days.
Figure BDA0003323142970000171
(II) aluminium alloy Performance test
Reference standard: GB/T228.1-2010 Metal tensile test part 1: room temperature test method.
(III) SWAAT test
Reference standard: ASTM G85-A3.
Comparison of experimental results:
Figure BDA0003323142970000172
Figure BDA0003323142970000181
note that: the experimental effect is compared with the same thickness.
The above description of embodiments is only for aiding in the understanding of the method of the present application and its core ideas. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various improvements and modifications can be made to the present application without departing from the principles of the present application, and such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (19)

1. An aluminum alloy composite material is a four-layer aluminum alloy composite material for an oil cooler and is characterized by comprising a skin material layer 1, a skin material layer 2, an intermediate layer and a core material layer;
wherein, the intermediate layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn:1.1 to 1.5 percent of Ti: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum;
the skin material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:10.0 to 12.0 percent, fe: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, cu: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, mg: less than or equal to 0.03 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum;
the core material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si:0.10 to 0.50 percent, fe:0.20 to 0.50 percent, cu:0.50 to 0.70 percent, mn:1.2 to 1.7 percent of Mg: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, zn: less than or equal to 0.10 percent, ti:0.04 to 0.10 percent, the single content of other elements is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.15 percent, and the balance is aluminum.
2. The material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness ratio of the skin layer 1 to the skin layer 2 is 6-10%; the thickness ratio of the intermediate layer is 15-30%; the balance is core material.
3. A method of producing the aluminum alloy composite material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising:
casting to prepare a skin layer 1, a skin layer 2, an intermediate layer and a core material layer;
milling the surfaces, namely milling the surfaces of the skin material layer 1, the skin material layer 2, the middle layer and the core material layer;
hot rolling, namely hot rolling the skin layer 1, the skin layer 2 and the middle layer respectively;
compounding and hot rolling, namely compounding the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2 and then hot rolling;
cold rolling, namely cold rolling four layers of composite materials;
annealing, wherein the cold rolled coil is annealed.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the casting comprises:
adding the raw materials of the skin layer 1 and the skin layer 2 into a smelting furnace, and carrying out electromagnetic stirring for 2 times at the smelting temperature of 730-750 ℃ for 10-15 minutes each time; adding the mixture into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, and casting is started after standing for 40 minutes, and the casting temperature is 680-690 ℃;
raw materials of the middle layer and the core material layer are added into a smelting furnace, the smelting temperature is 730-760 ℃, and the materials are subjected to electromagnetic stirring for 2 times, each time for 10 minutes; then adding the mixture into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining temperature is 730-750 ℃, the refining time is 20 minutes, and standing is carried out for 50 minutes; then adding the mixture into a casting machine for casting ingots, wherein the casting temperature is 695-705 ℃.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the single-sided milling amount of the milling surface is 8-10mm, the thickness of the cast ingot after the milling surface is reduced by 16-20mm, and the width and the length are unchanged.
6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the hot rolling comprises: and (3) placing the skin material layer and the middle layer cast ingot into a heating furnace to heat to 480-500 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 h, and respectively carrying out hot rolling after discharging.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the hot rolled skin has a cut length of 4300mm and the intermediate layer has a cut length of 4400mm.
8. A method according to claim 3, wherein the composite hot rolling comprises: and (3) compounding the skin material 1, the middle layer, the core material and the skin material 2, then putting the materials into a vertical pushing type heating furnace, heating to 490-510 ℃, preserving heat for 3-5 h, discharging from the furnace, and hot rolling to obtain a hot rolled coil with the thickness of 5-8 mm.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the multiple hot rolling passes are 25-30.
10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the reduction of the first 5 passes is 1-2 mm per pass; the pressing amount after 5 passes is 10-35mm for each pass.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein the compounding is: after the leather 1, the middle layer, the core material and the leather 2 are sequentially laminated, the steel belt with the width of 4cm is used for binding and tightening the head, the middle and the tail of the ingot.
12. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the cold rolling comprises: rolling the four layers of the hot-rolled composite material into a cold-rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm;
the annealing includes: and (3) placing the cold rolled coil with the thickness of 0.6-1.2 mm into a nitrogen annealing furnace for annealing, wherein the annealing temperature is 360-400 ℃, and discharging after heat preservation for 3 hours.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the cold rolling is performed after the 1 st pass of rolling, with intermediate annealing, and with the remaining passes of rolling.
14. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method further comprises: sawing is performed after casting.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sawing is cutting off defective portions of the ingot, the thickness and width being constant.
16. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that the method further comprises: homogenizing after milling the surface.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the homogenizing comprises: and (5) placing the core material ingot into a homogenizing heating furnace, heating to 590-610 ℃, preserving heat for 10-12 h, discharging and cooling.
18. Use of an aluminium alloy composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 2 and/or prepared by a method according to any one of claims 3 to 17 in the automotive field.
19. The use according to claim 18, in an automotive oil cooler.
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