CN114114375A - Plasma thermionic measurement system and measurement method - Google Patents
Plasma thermionic measurement system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114114375A CN114114375A CN202111389678.XA CN202111389678A CN114114375A CN 114114375 A CN114114375 A CN 114114375A CN 202111389678 A CN202111389678 A CN 202111389678A CN 114114375 A CN114114375 A CN 114114375A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/36—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry
- G01T1/366—Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation spectrometry with semi-conductor detectors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a plasma thermionic measurement technology, and particularly relates to a plasma thermionic measurement system and a plasma thermionic measurement method. The system comprises a data server, an acquisition display, a VME case, a pulse data statistical analysis module, an FPGA counter, a detector signal processing module and a cadmium telluride hot electron detector; the measuring method comprises the steps of measuring plasma hot electrons by using a cadmium telluride hot electron detector, amplifying and reversely accumulating signals obtained by the detector, counting and collecting data of hot electron pulses in parallel, separating the hot electron pulses, and obtaining a hot electron energy spectrum distribution curve in the plasma discharging process. The system and the method realize the real-time detection and analysis of the electron energy distribution of the thermionic measuring system, the cadmium telluride finishes the measurement of the thermionic, and the measurement precision and the operation efficiency of the thermionic measuring system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a plasma thermionic measurement technology, and particularly relates to a plasma thermionic measurement system and a plasma thermionic measurement method.
Background
In a discharge experiment of the Tokamak device, not only a large amount of super-hot electrons are generated in conventional ohmic discharge, but also a large amount of super-hot electrons exist in the auxiliary heating, particularly in the experimental process of wave heating and low-noise current driving. The energy of the X-ray bremsstrahlung generated by the interaction of the super-thermal electrons in the plasma and the electrons and ions in the plasma ranges from tens of keV to hundreds of keV, so that the analysis of plasma parameters can be performed by measuring different energy distributions. Generally, a detector is used for measuring the thermionic distribution of plasma 20Kev to 160Kev, the radiation intensity and the energy spectrum measurement analysis of the X-ray with medium energy are carried out, the space-time distribution of the X-ray radiation intensity in the plasma radiation under the auxiliary heating condition can be obtained, the range and the region of the thermionic energy deposition of the plasma can be obtained by analyzing the intensity distribution of the X-ray, and parameters such as the accessibility of external waves and the position of a cyclotron resonance layer, the velocity distribution of super-thermionic electrons and the space-time change of the distribution can be obtained. Meanwhile, the measurement distribution of the hot electrons can also be used for researching a series of plasma physical phenomena such as internal fracture, large fracture, transport of the hot electrons and the super-hot electrons of plasma current, instability caused by mode wave resonance, auxiliary heating and induction of escaping electron avalanche and the like, and the research is an extremely important diagnostic means for plasma physical experiments.
The traditional thermionic electron measurement system cannot well measure the thermionic electron radiation energy distribution of the plasma in all directions due to the adoption of a method perpendicular to the plasma for thermionic electron measurement. In addition, the time resolution, the spatial resolution and the energy resolution of the limit of the acquisition rate cannot be simultaneously achieved, so that the space-time resolution of plasma thermionic measurement is poor, and the energy distribution of thermionic can not be accurately measured. Therefore, a set of more accurate measuring system is designed and developed to overcome the defects of small measuring range, low measuring precision, low data processing speed and the like of the traditional system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a plasma thermion measurement system and a measurement method, which solve the defects of small measurement range, low measurement precision, low data processing speed and the like of the traditional system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a plasma hot electron measurement system comprises a data server, a collection display, a VME case, a pulse data statistical analysis module, an FPGA counter, a detector signal processing module and a cadmium telluride hot electron detector;
measuring plasma hot electrons by a cadmium telluride hot electron detector;
the electronic energy detection of hot electrons is realized by adopting the cadmium telluride to generate pulse signal waves with different intensity voltages according to the radiation intensity;
the detector signal processing module is used for amplifying a detector signal and performing inverse accumulation processing on the signal, and meanwhile, a denoising circuit is designed to realize noise suppression;
the FPGA counter realizes data acquisition and pulse counting of the signals of the thermionic detector;
the pulse data analysis module is used for analyzing and counting the data to obtain the hot electron distribution condition of the 20Kev-160Kev energy band in real time.
A plasma thermionic measurement method comprises the following steps:
step 2, amplifying and reverse accumulation processing are carried out on signals obtained by the detector;
step 3, counting and collecting the data of the hot electron pulse in parallel;
step 4, carrying out separation treatment on the hot electron pulse;
and 5, obtaining a thermal electron energy spectrum distribution curve in the plasma discharge process.
The arrangement of the detector is carried out by each cadmium telluride thermal electron detector in the measuring angle direction which is different by 1.9 degrees.
The step 2 is realized by using an amplifying and reverse accumulation circuit, which comprises three reverse amplifiers, and a capacitor and a resistor connected with the three reverse amplifiers; the inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with an electronic R1, the non-inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with a resistor R3 and is grounded; a resistor R2 and a capacitor C1 are connected in parallel at the inverting input end and the output end; the inverting input end of the second inverting amplifier is connected with the electron R6 and is grounded, and a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are sequentially connected between the non-inverting input end and the output end of the first inverting amplifier; a resistor R7 is connected in parallel with the non-inverting input end and the output end; resistors R9 and R8 are sequentially connected in series between the inverting input end of the third inverting amplifier and the output end of the second inverting amplifier, and a lead wire is connected between the R9 and the R8, connected with a capacitor C3 and grounded; the inverting input end and the output end of the third inverting amplifier are connected with an electronic R11 in parallel, and the non-inverting input end is connected with a resistor R10 and grounded; the input end of the whole circuit is the current input end of the resistor R1, and the output end of the whole circuit is the output end of the third inverting amplifier and the intersection end of the parallel circuit.
The resistance values of R1 and R2 are adjusted to adjust the voltage signal, and the capacitor C1 is used for compensating the phase of the detector signal and suppressing high-frequency noise.
The differentiating circuit of C2 and R4 detects the peak signal change in the detector signal, and R4 × C2 is smaller than the pulse width of all detector outputs.
All inverting amplifiers are connected with a differentiating circuit and an integrating circuit, and R5 and R7 have the same resistance.
The integrating circuit of R8 and C3 realizes the recovery and separation of the differential signal, and the time constant is consistent with the pulse signal frequency.
And adjusting and calibrating the resistance values of R9 and R11 when the level output of the circuit is calibrated by adopting a standard cadmium telluride module.
And step 3, completing data acquisition and pulse height counting of 19 hot electron pulses in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) parallel counting and acquisition mode, specifically comprising
3.1) adopting a voltage amplitude discriminator to discriminate the level amplitude of the hot electron pulse in real time and generating pulse signals with different levels according to the amplitude signal;
and 3.2) collecting pulses with different levels by a real-time counter and carrying out separation treatment on hot electron pulses.
In step 4, the voltage amplitudes of the thermal electron pulses are designed to be 1V, 1.5V, 2V, 2.5V, 3V, 3.5V, 4V, and 4.5V, and the thermal electron pulses are separated according to the voltage amplitude settings.
In the step 5, the hot electron energy range is limited to 20Kev-160 Kev.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the functions of real-time detection and real-time analysis of electron energy distribution of a thermionic electron measurement system are realized, and the measurement of thermionic electrons is completed by adopting the cadmium telluride device. Meanwhile, the real-time processing of the detector signals is completed through the signal conditioning circuit and the discrimination, finally, the real-time acquisition and statistical analysis of the pulse signals are realized through the data acquisition system taking the FPGA as the core, the energy distribution diagram of plasma hot electrons is obtained in real time, and the measurement precision and the operation efficiency of the hot electron measurement system are improved.
The thermionic measuring system comprises a cadmium telluride detector, a data server, a collecting display, a VME case, a pulse data statistical analysis module, an FPGA counter, a detector signal processing module and the like, realizes signal pre-amplification, signal driving, high-precision linear amplification and reverse accumulation processing, simultaneously performs pulse identification and counting statistics, the detector and the collector are coaxially arranged, and the collector and the data processing system are connected by a bridging card and optical fibers to meet the precision requirement of thermionic measurement.
The thermal electron detector adopts cadmium telluride as a core and adopts a reasonable preamplification circuit, a differential drive circuit, a linear amplification circuit and an anti-accumulation circuit to carry out signal processing design of the detector, thereby further improving the measurement precision of plasma thermal electrons.
The data processing system is designed by adopting an FPGA counter and taking the FPGA as a core, and mainly comprises a pulse acquisition card, a VME acquisition case and a data processing computer, wherein the acquisition case and the data processing computer are connected and communicated by adopting optical fibers to realize the anti-interference connection of a detector, an acquisition analysis computer and the computer;
the cadmium telluride detector completes measurement of hot electrons, the pulse signal amplifying circuit and the reverse accumulation circuit complete processing of detector signals, and the data acquisition and analysis system completes statistical analysis of energy distribution of the hot electrons to realize accurate measurement of the hot electrons of the plasma.
The design of the anti-accumulation circuit can realize the automatic anti-accumulation of the pulse signal of the thermionic detector to remove the repeated signal, and ensure the singleness of the pulse signal of the thermionic detector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plasma thermionic measurement system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a layout measurement channel of a measurement range and a measurement direction of an electron energy detector;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a detector pulse unity magnification and de-pile-up circuit;
FIG. 4 is a test of measured waveform signals after processing by the detector signal amplification and de-accumulation circuit;
FIG. 5 is a statistical distribution and display of measurements of plasma epithermal electron distribution at different energy bands.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The plasma thermionic measuring system comprises a data server, a collecting display, a VME case, a pulse data statistical analysis module, an FPGA counter, a detector signal processing module and a cadmium telluride thermionic detector;
measuring plasma hot electrons by a cadmium telluride hot electron detector;
the electronic energy detection of hot electrons is realized by adopting the cadmium telluride to generate pulse signal waves with different intensity voltages according to the radiation intensity.
The detector signal processing module is used for amplifying a detector signal and performing inverse accumulation processing on the signal, and meanwhile, a denoising circuit is designed to realize noise suppression;
the FPGA counter realizes data acquisition and pulse counting of the signals of the thermionic detector;
the pulse data analysis module is used for analyzing and counting the data to obtain the hot electron distribution condition of the 20Kev-160Kev energy band in real time.
The plasma thermionic measuring method is implemented according to the following steps
as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement of the detector at an angular orientation of 1.9 degrees ensures that a wide range of plasma thermionic measurements can be covered.
Step 2, processing the detector signal
Comprises signal amplification processing and inverse accumulation circuit processing, specifically comprises
2.1) firstly designing a signal amplification and reverse accumulation circuit;
the amplifying and anti-stacking circuit shown in fig. 3 comprises three operational amplifiers and capacitors and resistors connected with the operational amplifiers;
the inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with an electronic R1, the non-inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with a resistor R3 and is grounded; a resistor R2 and a capacitor C1 are connected in parallel at the inverting input end and the output end;
the inverting input end of the second inverting amplifier is connected with the electron R6 and is grounded, and a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are sequentially connected between the non-inverting input end and the output end of the first inverting amplifier; a resistor R7 is connected in parallel with the non-inverting input end and the output end;
resistors R9 and R8 are sequentially connected in series between the inverting input end of the third inverting amplifier and the output end of the second inverting amplifier, and a lead wire is connected between the R9 and the R8, connected with a capacitor C3 and grounded; the inverting input end and the output end of the third inverting amplifier are connected with an electronic R11 in parallel, and the non-inverting input end is connected with a resistor R10 and grounded;
the input end of the whole circuit is the current input end of the resistor R1, and the output end of the whole circuit is the output end of the third inverting amplifier and is connected with the circuit intersection end in parallel;
2.2) Signal amplification of the Detector
The voltage signal is adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of R1 and R2, and the capacitor C1 is used for compensating the phase of the detector signal and plays the roles of preventing oscillation and suppressing high-frequency noise at the same time, so that the quality of the detector signal is ensured.
2.3) detecting signal peak variations in the detector signal by a differentiating circuit comprising C2 and R4. The parameters of C2 and R4 are required to ensure that R4 × C2 is less than the pulse width of all detector outputs, thus ensuring that the circuit can correctly and rapidly detect the real-time variation of the thermionic signal.
And 2.4) adopting an active homodromous amplifier to realize the separation of a differential circuit and an integral circuit and remove the coupling interference between the circuits.
The R5 and R7 are set to have the same resistance value and do not process any signal, and the R6 is a grounding resistance and is used for preventing high-frequency ground noise from influencing the quality of the signal of the detector and ensuring the accuracy of the measured signal.
2.5) adopting an integrating circuit containing R8 and C3 to realize the reduction and separation of the differential signals. The time constant is consistent with the frequency of the pulse signals, so that the automatic separation of each pulse signal is realized, and the singleness of the hot electron pulse signals of the detector is ensured.
2.6) third inverting Amplifier to reduce the phase and amplitude of the Hot Electron pulse Signal
The third inverting amplifier added at the rear end can reduce the phase and the amplitude of the hot electron pulse signal, and simultaneously adjusts and calibrates the resistance values of R9 and R11 when the standard cadmium telluride module calibration circuit is adopted for level output, so that the accurate output of the electronic pulse amplitude is realized.
The whole signal processing circuit realizes the accurate measurement and processing of the hot electron pulse signal and meets the requirements on the pulse width and the signal-to-noise ratio of the pulse signal of the detector in the hot electron measurement.
Step 3, completing data acquisition and pulse height counting of 19 hot electron pulses in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) parallel counting and acquisition mode, and realizing amplitude acquisition and pulse height counting of hot electron pulse signals
3.1) adopting a voltage amplitude discriminator to discriminate the level amplitude of the hot electron pulse in real time and generating pulse signals with different levels according to the amplitude signal
3.2) the real-time counter collects pulses of different levels and sends the obtained data to an upper computer data processing center for processing through a VME case and a bus protocol;
step 4, separation treatment of hot electron pulse
As shown in fig. 1, after the upper computer data processing computer acquires the hot electron data, the separation processing of the hot electron pulses is performed in real time according to the voltage amplitudes (1V, 1.5V, 2V, 2.5V, 3V, 3.5V, 4V, 4.5V) of the hot electron pulses, so that the plasma hot electron pulse amplitudes of different voltages are counted and subjected to distribution statistics.
And 5, obtaining an energy spectrum distribution curve of the thermionic electron energy of 20Kev-160Kev in the plasma discharge process according to the hot electron pulse voltage amplitude statistical result in the step 4 as shown in fig. 5, counting the distribution condition and the distribution characteristic of hot electrons in different energy sections, and finally storing the obtained measurement and analysis results into a database.
Claims (12)
1. A plasma thermionic measurement system, comprising: the device comprises a data server, a collecting display, a VME case, a pulse data statistical analysis module, an FPGA counter, a detector signal processing module and a cadmium telluride thermal electron detector;
measuring plasma hot electrons by a cadmium telluride hot electron detector;
the electronic energy detection of hot electrons is realized by adopting the cadmium telluride to generate pulse signal waves with different intensity voltages according to the radiation intensity;
the detector signal processing module is used for amplifying a detector signal and performing inverse accumulation processing on the signal, and meanwhile, a denoising circuit is designed to realize noise suppression;
the FPGA counter realizes data acquisition and pulse counting of the signals of the thermionic detector;
the pulse data analysis module is used for analyzing and counting the data to obtain the hot electron distribution condition of the 20Kev-160Kev energy band in real time.
2. A plasma thermionic measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring plasma hot electrons by using a cadmium telluride hot electron detector;
step 2, amplifying and reverse accumulation processing are carried out on signals obtained by the detector;
step 3, counting and collecting the data of the hot electron pulse in parallel;
step 4, carrying out separation treatment on the hot electron pulse;
and 5, obtaining a thermal electron energy spectrum distribution curve in the plasma discharge process.
3. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the arrangement of the detector is carried out by each cadmium telluride thermal electron detector in the measuring angle direction which is different by 1.9 degrees.
4. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step 2 is realized by using an amplifying and reverse accumulation circuit, which comprises three reverse amplifiers, and a capacitor and a resistor connected with the three reverse amplifiers; the inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with an electronic R1, the non-inverting input end of the first inverting amplifier is connected with a resistor R3 and is grounded; a resistor R2 and a capacitor C1 are connected in parallel at the inverting input end and the output end; the inverting input end of the second inverting amplifier is connected with the electron R6 and is grounded, and a resistor R5 and a capacitor C2 are sequentially connected between the non-inverting input end and the output end of the first inverting amplifier; a resistor R7 is connected in parallel with the non-inverting input end and the output end; resistors R9 and R8 are sequentially connected in series between the inverting input end of the third inverting amplifier and the output end of the second inverting amplifier, and a lead wire is connected between the R9 and the R8, connected with a capacitor C3 and grounded; the inverting input end and the output end of the third inverting amplifier are connected with an electronic R11 in parallel, and the non-inverting input end is connected with a resistor R10 and grounded; the input end of the whole circuit is the current input end of the resistor R1, and the output end of the whole circuit is the output end of the third inverting amplifier and the intersection end of the parallel circuit.
5. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the resistance values of R1 and R2 are adjusted to adjust the voltage signal, and the capacitor C1 is used for compensating the phase of the detector signal and suppressing high-frequency noise.
6. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the differentiating circuit of C2 and R4 detects the peak signal change in the detector signal, and R4 × C2 is smaller than the pulse width of all detector outputs.
7. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: all inverting amplifiers are connected with a differentiating circuit and an integrating circuit, and R5 and R7 have the same resistance.
8. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the integrating circuit of R8 and C3 realizes the recovery and separation of the differential signal, and the time constant is consistent with the pulse signal frequency.
9. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and adjusting and calibrating the resistance values of R9 and R11 when the level output of the circuit is calibrated by adopting a standard cadmium telluride module.
10. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and step 3, completing data acquisition and pulse height counting of 19 hot electron pulses in an FPGA (field programmable gate array) parallel counting and acquisition mode, specifically comprising
3.1) adopting a voltage amplitude discriminator to discriminate the level amplitude of the hot electron pulse in real time and generating pulse signals with different levels according to the amplitude signal;
and 3.2) collecting pulses with different levels by a real-time counter and carrying out separation treatment on hot electron pulses.
11. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 10, wherein: in step 4, the voltage amplitudes of the thermal electron pulses are designed to be 1V, 1.5V, 2V, 2.5V, 3V, 3.5V, 4V, and 4.5V, and the thermal electron pulses are separated according to the voltage amplitude settings.
12. A plasma thermionic measurement method as claimed in claim 10, wherein: in the step 5, the hot electron energy range is limited to 20Kev-160 Kev.
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