CN114113310B - Method for detecting cladding layer pipeline of nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current - Google Patents

Method for detecting cladding layer pipeline of nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current Download PDF

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CN114113310B
CN114113310B CN202111248520.0A CN202111248520A CN114113310B CN 114113310 B CN114113310 B CN 114113310B CN 202111248520 A CN202111248520 A CN 202111248520A CN 114113310 B CN114113310 B CN 114113310B
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detection
signal
probe
excitation coil
eddy current
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CN114113310A (en
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韩扬
徐宁
刘晓睿
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
CGN Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
CGN Power Co Ltd
Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
    • G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
    • G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
    • G01N27/904—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents with two or more sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The invention discloses a detection method for a cladding layer pipeline of a nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current, which comprises the following steps: preparing a corresponding array excitation coil probe according to a part to be detected, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe in air as a first reference signal; preparing a non-defective test block, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe on the non-defective test block as a second reference signal; selecting a part to be tested, selecting a detection point on the part to be tested, detecting the detection point by adopting the array excitation coil probe to obtain a sample detection signal, carrying out differential processing on the sample detection signal, a first reference signal and a second reference model, and judging the defect state of the coating layer pipeline according to the signals after differential processing. The detection method for the nuclear power plant cladding layer pipeline based on the pulse eddy current can realize the measurement of the pipeline wall thickness without removing the cladding layer.

Description

Method for detecting cladding layer pipeline of nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a method for detecting a pipeline with a cladding layer in a nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current.
Background
Pressure pipelines are widely applied to various aspects of the industrial field, a large number of complicated pipeline systems are arranged in a nuclear power plant, and in order to improve heat exchange efficiency, heat insulation layers (coating layers) are generally additionally arranged on the surfaces of the pipelines, so that the efficiency is remarkably improved, but the periodic inspection of the in-service pipelines is difficult to manufacture.
At present, the detection means for the pipeline with the coating layer mainly comprise ultrasonic detection and pulse eddy current detection. The ultrasonic detection can be concretely divided into conventional ultrasonic thickness measurement and guided wave detection, wherein the conventional ultrasonic detection needs to remove a coating layer, and the detection speed is low; the guided wave detection is only suitable for defect detection of long-distance straight pipes due to the limitation of detection conditions, and has poor effect on bent pipes.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art and achieve the above-mentioned objects, the present invention aims to provide a method for detecting a cladding pipe of a nuclear power plant based on pulsed eddy current, which can realize more accurate detection without dismantling the cladding.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a detection method for a cladding layer pipeline of a nuclear power plant based on pulse eddy current comprises the following steps: preparing a corresponding array excitation coil probe according to a part to be detected, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe in air as a first reference signal; preparing a non-defective test block, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe on the non-defective test block as a second reference signal; selecting a part to be tested, selecting a detection point on the part to be tested, detecting the detection point by adopting the array excitation coil probe to obtain a sample detection signal, carrying out differential processing on the sample detection signal, a first reference signal and a second reference model, and judging the defect state of the coating layer pipeline according to the signals after differential processing.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the first reference signal is used for performing noise reduction processing on the sample detection signal, subtracting the influence of the excitation probe signal and the noise signal in the environment on the sample detection signal, and ensuring that the signal in the detection coil is a vortex field attenuation signal; the second reference signal is used for enabling the signal after differential processing to be a defect signal, and improving the influence capability of the defect on the detection signal, so that the detection capability of the probe is improved. Two kinds of reference signals are selected by adopting a differential signal processing method: signals are collected in air, on non-defective components. The material and specification of the non-defective member are consistent with those of the detected workpiece, and the non-defective member has no processing defect.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the detection method further includes using a telescopic support rod to drive the array excitation coil probe to perform detection, where the telescopic support rod sequentially includes a handle, a controller, a main rod, an auxiliary rod, a probe holder, and a driving mechanism disposed between the main rod and the auxiliary rod, where the driving mechanism is used to drive the auxiliary rod to move relative to the main rod.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the coating layer of the pipe comprises insulation cotton and a metal skin coating the insulation cotton; the thickness of the thermal insulation cotton corresponding to the selected detection point is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the metal skin is 0.3-0.7 mm, so that the accuracy of the detection result is ensured.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the gap between the coating layer corresponding to the selected detection point and the pipeline ranges from 2 mm to 8mm, so as to ensure the accuracy of the detection result.
According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, when selecting detection points on the part to be tested, detection lines are first uniformly arranged at intervals around the circumference of the part to be tested, the detection lines extend along the axial direction of the pipeline, and detection points are uniformly arranged at intervals on each detection line.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the measurement is repeated for each detection point, the measurement error is kept within + -5%, the result is recorded, and the average of the multiple measurement results is taken.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the detection method comprises the steps of: debugging the pulse vortex meter and the array excitation coil probe to ensure that the performance of the pulse vortex meter and the array excitation coil probe is within a specified range (the performance parameter is within a specified range); the frequency of the excitation signal of the pulse vortex meter is adjustable, and the falling edge time is not more than 3ms; when the probe sets a reference value in an effective detection range (the maximum depth which can be detected by the probe is the maximum pipeline wall thickness), the wall thickness change of 8% of the part to be detected can be detected.
The special acceptance criteria are formulated by the patent, and are further improved by referring to NB/T47013.13, GB/T28705 and the like, and the acceptance criteria are improved to 8% of wall thickness, so that the inspection is performed after the wall thickness is reduced, and the overall detection quality is improved. The volume ratio is used as a reference measurement standard of defects or thinning, so that the resolution of pulse eddy current detection can be improved. The volume ratio is mainly the ratio of the volume occupied by the defect to the volume of the coverage area of the probe.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the coverage of the array excitation coil probe is set according to the following formula:
FP≈0.4×L 0 +FP 0
wherein FP is the pulse eddy current detection range; l (L) 0 Indicating the thickness of the cladding layer; FP (Fabry-Perot) 0 To lift off the height signal to zero, the probe's inherent coverage is a coefficient of 0.4. The formula is an empirical formula, which shows the coverage range of the pulsed eddy current probe.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the array excitation coil probe comprises a plurality of single excitation coils arranged regularly, and the array excitation coil probe is rectangular or arc-shaped to match the pipeline.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the detection method for the cladding layer pipeline of the nuclear power plant based on the pulse vortex is based on the pulse vortex detection technology, has stronger penetrating power compared with the conventional ultrasonic wave and ultrasonic guided wave, is applicable to various working conditions, and has high detection efficiency. The pulse eddy current detection is based on the electromagnetic induction principle, and by applying pulse excitation current, the skin effect of the traditional eddy current can be avoided, the pulse eddy current detection has strong penetrating power, and the wall thickness measurement of the pipeline can be realized without removing the coating. Compared with a single excitation coil and a detection coil, the invention adopts the array excitation coil, can realize the rapid detection of a large area of a component, greatly reduces the plantar area of the probe, reduces the focusing area and improves the detection precision of pulse eddy current.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the processing and inspection of defects in a groove of a phi 220 elbow in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the density of vortices in a tube wall;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a probe telescoping rod;
in the drawing, a handle-1, a display screen-2, a main rod piece-3, an auxiliary rod piece-4, a probe clamp holder-5 and a shortcut button-6.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the conditions of single detection technology, high detection cost, low efficiency and the like of the existing nuclear power plant coated pipeline, the invention provides a high-efficiency and feasible method for detecting the nuclear power plant coated pipeline, has high detection efficiency, saves manpower and improves economic benefit. Based on the pulsed eddy current detection technology, the array winding type exciting coil is adopted, so that the plantar area of pulsed eddy current focusing is reduced, and the accuracy of pulsed eddy current detection is improved; the special telescopic support rod is provided for the working condition of complex field environment, and the unreachable part can be effectively detected. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) Instrument and probe calibration:
debugging the pulsed eddy current instrument and the exciting coil probe to enable the performance of the pulsed eddy current instrument and the exciting coil probe to be in a specified range (the performance parameter is in a specified range); the frequency of the excitation signal of the pulse vortex meter is adjustable, and the falling edge time is not more than 3ms; when a reference value is set for a selected probe within an effective detection range (maximum depth that the probe can detect, i.e., maximum pipe wall thickness), a wall thickness change of 8% of the workpiece to be inspected should be detected.
And (3) calibrating:
the pulse vortex instrument and the probe are calibrated by using a special pulse vortex calibration test piece, the system error is checked, and the calibration test piece can be used with reference to GB/T28705, NB/T47013.13 and other standards.
The invention adopts an array type exciting coil which comprises a plurality of single exciting coils which are regularly arranged, and the array type exciting coil probe is rectangular or arc-shaped matched with a pipeline. Compared with a single excitation coil, the array type excitation coil probe can excite in multiple dimensions, can rapidly detect a component in a large area, simultaneously can ensure the detection precision of the single coil probe, can realize focusing in a specific range, can also be designed according to the shape of the component, and can eliminate the influence caused by partial lifting for the detection of a test piece with a complex structure.
FP≈0.4×L 0 +FP 0
0.4 is a coefficient, and FP is a pulse eddy current detection range; l (L) 0 Indicating the thickness of the cladding layer; FP (Fabry-Perot) 0 To lift off the height signal to zero, the probe's inherent coverage is raised.
2) Acquisition of reference signals
The differential signal processing method is adopted, two reference signals are selected, the first one uses the signals collected in the air as the reference signals, when the reference comparison is carried out in the mode, the differential main function is to carry out noise reduction processing on the detection signals, the influence of the excitation probe signals and noise signals in the environment on the detection signals is subtracted, and the signals in the detection coils are guaranteed to be vortex field attenuation signals.
The second type uses the collected signals on the non-defective members as reference signals, the difference processing can enable the processed signals to be defect signals, and the influence capacity of defects on detection signals can be improved, so that the detection capacity of the probe is improved.
3) Selecting a detection point
The coating layer of the pipeline comprises heat-insulating cotton and a metal skin coating the heat-insulating cotton; the thickness of the heat-insulating cotton corresponding to the selected detection point is 30-50 mm, the thickness of the metal skin is 0.3-0.7 mm, and the gap range between the coating layer corresponding to the detection point and the pipeline is 2-8 mm, so that the accuracy of the detection result is ensured.
When the detection points are selected on the to-be-detected component, the detection lines are uniformly arranged at intervals around the circumferential direction of the to-be-detected component, the detection lines extend along the axial direction of the pipeline, and the detection points are uniformly arranged at intervals on each detection line.
4) Detection and signal processing
And detecting the detection point by adopting an array excitation coil probe to obtain a sample detection signal. During detection, each detection point is repeatedly measured, the measurement error is kept within +/-5%, the result is recorded, and the average value of the multiple measurement results is taken.
And carrying out differential processing on the sample detection signal, the first reference signal and the second reference model, and judging the defect state of the coating layer pipeline according to the signals after differential processing.
For complicated operation environment, this embodiment has set up the dedicated telescopic link of probe, except satisfying the detection demand to inaccessible department, has set up the detection signal display screen on the bracing piece, and the operating personnel of being convenient for discerns, judges the defect, as shown in fig. 3, has solved the problem of inaccessible department measurement difficulty. The telescopic rod sequentially comprises a handle 1, a controller, a main rod piece 3, an auxiliary rod piece 4, a probe clamp holder 5 and a driving mechanism arranged between the main rod piece and the auxiliary rod piece, wherein the driving mechanism is used for driving the auxiliary rod piece to move relative to the main rod piece. The driving mechanism adopts a motor to drive a gear to rotate, a rack is arranged on the auxiliary rod piece 4, and the gear and the rack are matched to realize shortening or lengthening of the rod piece. The controller is used for controlling the driving mechanism to move so as to control the probe to approach or depart, the display screen 2 is integrated on the controller, the shortcut buttons 6 for switching, resetting, measuring, calibrating and the like are arranged on the lower portion of the display screen 2, and buttons for controlling the driving mechanism are arranged on the side edges of the shortcut buttons.
The invention makes a special acceptance criterion, and the current standard regulations of NB/T47013.13, GB/T28705 and the like: the pulse vortex finds that the wall thickness is reduced by more than 10 percent, and rechecking inspection is carried out; the special acceptance criterion is checked after the acceptance criterion is improved to 8% of wall thickness according to the performance of the instrument, and the detection quality of the pulse vortex is greatly improved. The volume ratio is used as a reference measurement standard of defects or thinning, so that the resolution of pulse eddy current detection can be improved. The volume ratio is mainly the ratio of the volume occupied by the defect to the volume of the coverage area of the probe.
Compared with the conventional ultrasonic wave and ultrasonic guided wave, the pulse eddy current detection method has stronger penetrating power, is suitable for various working conditions and has high detection efficiency. The pulse eddy current detection is based on the electromagnetic induction principle, and by applying pulse excitation current, the skin effect of the traditional eddy current can be avoided, the pulse eddy current detection has strong penetrating power, and the wall thickness measurement of the pipeline can be realized without removing the coating. Compared with a single excitation coil and a detection coil, the invention adopts the array excitation coil, can realize the rapid detection of a large area of a component, greatly reduces the plantar area of the probe, reduces the focusing area and improves the detection precision of pulse eddy current.
Example 1
For better understanding of the detection method provided by the invention, the detection method of the pulse eddy current on the preset defective coated pipeline is taken as an example for description:
and selecting an elbow in the nuclear power plant pipeline system, processing grooves (defects) on the inner arc and the outer arc of the elbow according to elbow information shown in figure 1, and coating by using corresponding heat-insulating cotton and aluminum skin. The heat-insulating cotton with the thickness of 30-50 mm and the aluminum skin with the thickness of 0.5mm are selected, the heat-insulating cotton and the aluminum skin are coated on the outer surface of the bent pipe, the gap between the coating layer and the pipeline is ensured to be within a certain range (2-8 mm), and the lift-off effect caused by larger gap is avoided.
Two defects are arranged on the bent pipe in fig. 1, and the defects are arc grooves with the width of 80 mm. One of the defects corresponds to a residual wall thickness of 6mm and the other defect corresponds to a residual wall thickness of 5mm.
The DPEC-17 pulse eddy current instrument and the array excitation coil probe are used for pulse eddy current detection of grooves on the inner and outer arcs of the bent pipe, and the specific steps are as follows:
s1: preparation of array excitation coil probe
An array excitation coil probe is prepared according to the bent pipe part to be detected, and comprises a plurality of single excitation coils which are regularly arranged. The eddy current distribution of the finally produced array-type excitation coil inside the pipe is shown in fig. 2.
S2: instrument and probe calibration
The instrument and probe are calibrated with reference to the instrument and probe calibration process described above.
S3: acquisition of reference signals
The steps described above are referred to as acquiring a first reference signal in air and a second reference signal on a defect-free test block. The first reference signal is used for carrying out noise reduction treatment on the sample detection signal, subtracting the influence of the excitation probe signal and the noise signal in the environment on the sample detection signal, and ensuring that the signal in the detection coil is a vortex field attenuation signal; the second reference signal is used for enabling the signal after differential processing to be a defect signal, and improving the influence capability of the defect on the detection signal, so that the detection capability of the probe is improved.
S4: data acquisition and detection
Selecting a reference point, dividing the bent pipe into two parts for calibration, respectively selecting the reference points for the straight pipe section and the bent pipe part, and selecting a known wall thickness point or a detection point with optimal signal display for the straight pipe section; the bend section should have a reference point selected at the side of the bend. The reference point corresponds to a defect-free test block and is used for acquiring a second reference signal.
Taking a detected bent pipe as an example, as shown in fig. 1, dividing the bent pipe into 8 detection lines according to the flow direction, namely A-H in fig. 1, setting detection points according to a certain distance (the average length of the detection lines divided based on the number of the detection points), calibrating a probe in the air, reducing noise interference, calibrating at a reference point before detection, and improving the defect resolution; detecting the detection point of each measuring line, wherein each detection point is repeatedly measured for 3 times, the measurement error is kept within +/-5% and can be recorded, and the relative position of the probe and the detected equipment is kept stable in the detection process to prevent movement or vibration.
S5: data processing and imaging:
averaging the results of each detection point, distinguishing the thickness change of each measuring line by colors, and intuitively displaying; the wall thickness change of the whole component can be clearly displayed by using the B scanning display of the pulse vortex meter, so that the large data management is facilitated.
The invention adopts an array coil probe, applies an algorithm to carry out square wave excitation, and generates a three-dimensional excitation voltage signal; compared with the conventional pulse eddy current detection coil, the array coil can greatly reduce the coverage area of the detection sole, improve the detection accuracy, and has the characteristics of wide coverage of the detection area, strong adaptability, focusing and the like; by adopting a differential signal processing method, the interference of environmental noise can be effectively reduced, and the detection resolution of pulse eddy current can be improved; the volume ratio is used as a reference measurement standard of defects or thinning, so that the resolution of pulse eddy current detection can be improved. According to the invention, the patent references NB/T47013.13 and GB/T28705, the special acceptance criterion is formulated, the detection error range is reduced, the acceptance criterion is improved, and the detection acceptance quality of the impulse vortex of the steam-water pipeline of the nuclear power plant is improved.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The method for detecting the cladding layer pipeline of the nuclear power plant based on the pulse eddy current is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing a corresponding array excitation coil probe according to a part to be detected, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe in air as a first reference signal; preparing a non-defective test block, and collecting a detection signal of the array excitation coil probe on the non-defective test block as a second reference signal; selecting a part to be detected, selecting a detection point on the part to be detected, detecting the detection point by adopting the array excitation coil probe to obtain a sample detection signal, performing differential processing on the sample detection signal, a first reference signal and a second reference model, and judging the defect state of the coating layer pipeline according to the signals after differential processing;
the first reference signal is used for carrying out noise reduction treatment on the sample detection signal, subtracting the influence of a signal generated by the excitation probe and a noise signal in the environment on the sample detection signal, and ensuring that the signal in the detection coil is a vortex field attenuation signal; the second reference signal is used for enabling the signal after differential processing to be a defect signal, so that the influence capacity of the defect on the detection signal is improved, and the detection capacity of the probe is improved;
the array type exciting coil probe comprises a plurality of single exciting coils which are arranged regularly, and the array type exciting coil probe is rectangular or arc-shaped matched with a pipeline.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising using a telescopic support rod to drive the array excitation coil probe for detection, the telescopic support rod comprising, in order, a handle, a controller, a main rod, an auxiliary rod, a probe holder, and a driving mechanism disposed between the main rod and the auxiliary rod, the driving mechanism being configured to drive the auxiliary rod to move relative to the main rod.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the coating layer of the pipe comprises insulation cotton and a metal skin coating the insulation cotton; the thickness of the thermal insulation cotton corresponding to the selected detection point is 30-50 mm, and the thickness of the metal skin is 0.3-0.7 mm.
4. A detection method according to claim 3, wherein the gap between the coating layer corresponding to the selected detection point and the pipeline is in the range of 2-8 mm.
5. The inspection method according to claim 1, wherein when the inspection points are selected on the part to be inspected, the inspection lines are first arranged at uniform intervals around the circumference of the part to be inspected, the inspection lines extend in the axial direction of the pipe, and then the inspection points are arranged at uniform intervals on each inspection line.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the measurement is repeated a plurality of times at each detection point, the measurement error is kept within + -5% and the result is recorded, and the average of the plurality of measurement results is taken.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of calibrating the instrument to the probe: debugging the pulse vortex meter and the array excitation coil probe to enable the performance of the pulse vortex meter and the array excitation coil probe to be in a specified range; the frequency of the excitation signal of the pulse vortex meter is adjustable, and the falling edge time is not more than 3ms; when the probe sets a reference value in an effective detection range, the wall thickness change of 8% of the part to be detected can be detected.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the coverage of the array excitation coil probe is set according to the formula:
FP≈0.4×L 0 +FP 0
wherein FP is the pulse eddy current detection range; l (L) 0 Indicating the thickness of the cladding layer; FP (Fabry-Perot) 0 To lift off the height signal to zero, the probe's inherent coverage is raised.
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