CN114112896B - High-speed friction performance testing device and testing method for snowboard - Google Patents
High-speed friction performance testing device and testing method for snowboard Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for testing high-speed friction performance of a snowboard. The force sensor is arranged on a tool rest of the machine tool. The flexible hinge is arranged on the force sensor and has a snowboard fixed to its end remote from the force sensor. The clamp is fixed on the machine tool and is positioned below the force sensor. The fixture comprises an outer groove structure, a constant temperature top cover and an inner groove, wherein the inner groove is arranged in the outer groove structure. The constant temperature top cover is covered on the outer groove structure and the inner groove, and is also provided with an opening. The inner tank is configured to rotate under the drive of the machine tool spindle to effect relative movement between the snowboard and ice and snow within the inner tank. The high-speed friction performance testing device of the snowboard provided by the invention reduces the ratio of the snowboard to the stress condition, so that the outdoor complex test content can be completed in a laboratory. The test difficulty is reduced, and meanwhile, the detection capability and the data reliability of the influence on single factor change are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of skis friction test, in particular to a device and a method for testing high-speed friction performance of skis.
Background
Snowboard testing is a necessary process for high performance snowboard optimization. A large number of researchers are carrying out friction test research on a snowboard every year, but the friction test of the snowboard is very difficult because the speed of the snowboard is very fast, the environment is very bad, and the environments are easily affected by the problems of local temperature, humidity, wind speed, terrain and the like.
The conventional snowboard test adopts a high-speed photographing method, obtains relevant data by photographing the motion trail of a high-speed skater, and then processes the data, or performs data acquisition by laying a sensor outside alone, placing a load equivalent to the weight of a person on a snowboard and slowly sliding on a slideway. The methods can not avoid the influence caused by the combined action of multiple factors in the environment, so that the influence of slight change caused by dominant factors is difficult to judge, and the comparison of the effects caused by single factor change can not be realized. In addition, the method of paving the sensor outdoors makes the measured data have a large difference from the high speed state due to the too slow sliding speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-speed friction performance testing device and a testing method thereof for a snowboard, aiming at improving the detection capability of influence on single factor change and further improving the reliability of test data while reducing the test difficulty.
The invention is realized in the following way:
a snowboard high speed friction performance testing device comprising:
a force sensor configured on a tool rest of the machine tool;
a flexible hinge arranged on the force sensor, and one end of the flexible hinge far away from the force sensor is fixed with a snowboard; and
the clamp is used for being fixed on a machine tool and located below the force sensor, the clamp comprises an outer groove structure, a constant temperature top cover and an inner groove for placing ice and snow, the inner groove is arranged in the outer groove structure, the constant temperature top cover is covered on the outer groove structure and the inner groove, an opening for placing the snowboard is further formed in the constant temperature top cover, and the inner groove is configured to rotate under the driving of a machine tool spindle so as to realize relative movement between the snowboard and the ice and snow in the inner groove.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible hinge includes an upper base plate, a lower base plate, and a buffer device symmetrically disposed between the upper base plate and the lower base plate, where the buffer device includes an upper fixing frame, a middle fixing frame, and a lower fixing frame, and a thin sheet is disposed between the upper fixing frame and the middle fixing frame, and between the middle fixing frame and the lower fixing frame, respectively.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flexible hinge further includes a clip, one end of which is fixedly connected to the lower plate, and one end of which is remote from the lower plate is connected to the snowboard.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer groove structure includes an outer groove fixedly connected with the machine tool, the outer groove is formed with a space for placing dry ice, and a plurality of hollowed grooves are formed on an inner side wall of the outer groove.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer tank structure further includes an outer tank top cover, the outer tank top cover covers the outer tank, and the outer tank top cover is a hollow top cover.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a through hole is formed in the middle of the outer groove, and is used for being sleeved on the machine tool spindle, and the inner groove is fixedly connected with the machine tool spindle through a washer and a screw, so as to be driven by the machine tool spindle to rotate.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer trough structure is made of low temperature resistant alloy steel.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of anti-slip strips are further disposed at the bottom of the inner tank.
A high-speed friction performance test method of a snowboard comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the outer groove on the machine tool, putting dry ice into the outer groove, and then fixing an outer groove top cover on the outer groove;
s2, placing the inner groove in the outer groove, then spreading an ice and snow sample in the inner groove, fixing the ice and snow sample on the main shaft of the machine tool through a gasket, and finally covering the constant-temperature top cover on the outer groove and the inner groove;
s3, placing the snowboard on the ice and snow sample, and applying pressure to the snowboard through the force sensor until a preset pressure value is reached;
s4, starting the machine tool to enable the machine tool spindle to rotate, further driving the inner groove to rotate so that the snowboard and the ice and snow sample slide relatively, and then obtaining friction coefficient, X axial force, displacement depth and Z axial force through the force sensor.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the constant temperature top cover further comprises the following steps before being covered on the outer tank and the inner tank: and injecting water into the constant-temperature top cover and putting the constant-temperature top cover into an ice chest for freezing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the high-speed friction performance testing device of the snowboard comprises a force sensor, a flexible hinge and a clamp. One end of the flexible hinge is connected with the force sensor, and the other end of the flexible hinge is fixed with a snowboard. The fixture comprises an outer groove structure, a constant temperature top cover and an inner groove, wherein the inner groove is arranged in the outer groove structure. The constant temperature top cover is covered on the outer groove structure and the inner groove, and the constant temperature top cover is also provided with an opening for placing a snowboard. The inner tank is configured to rotate under the drive of the machine tool spindle to effect relative movement between the snowboard and ice and snow within the inner tank. According to the high-speed friction performance testing device for the snowboard, the size and the stress condition of the snowboard are reduced in an equal proportion, so that outdoor complex test contents can be completed in a laboratory. The indoor friction performance test can provide better test environment conditions and high-precision equipment, and solves the problem of how to detect the influence of the change caused by the single-factor change on the friction coefficient in the high-speed friction process of the snowboard, and the observation of the single-factor change is finer. According to the invention, the peripheral temperature of the clamp is accurately controlled, so that the outdoor skiing effect can be achieved, meanwhile, the interference of other factors caused by windage, temperature change, site change and the like can be avoided, the test difficulty is reduced, and the detection capability of the influence caused by single factor change is improved, so that the reliability of test data can be further improved.
2. In structure, the rotary working part and the temperature control part of the device are separated, so that the high-rotation-speed friction performance test can be realized at a lower environment temperature, the consumption of snow in a non-friction state in the test process is reduced, the greater guarantee is brought to the data acquisition and the data effectiveness of the test, and the operation is more convenient.
3. The high-speed friction performance testing device of the snowboard also comprises a dynamic balancing device, wherein the dynamic balancing device is driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to rotate and is driven to rotate so as to offset the centrifugal force caused by mass eccentricity in the rotating process. According to the invention, the dynamic balance disc is combined with the inner groove, and the centrifugal force caused by mass eccentricity in the rotating process is counteracted by the dynamic balance block, so that the radial runout of the clamp is reduced, and the whole device can be operated from a low-speed state to a high-speed state to achieve a high-speed ski simulation state required by a test.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a snowboard high-speed frictional performance testing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a snowboard high-speed friction performance testing apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a jig according to the first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a clamp according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a part of the structure of a jig with a dynamic balancing device installed;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the outer tank of the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a flexible hinge according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a snowboard high-speed friction performance testing apparatus including a force sensor 1, a flexible hinge 2, and a clamp 3. The force sensor 1 is intended to be arranged on a tool holder of a machine tool. The clamp 3 is fixed on the machine tool and is positioned below the force sensor 1. A flexible hinge 2 is arranged on the force sensor 1 and its end remote from the force sensor 1 is used for fastening a snowboard 4. The force sensor 1 can apply pressure to the snowboard 4, and obtain parameters such as friction coefficient of the snowboard 4 and ice and snow samples during the rotation of the inner groove 31.
Referring to fig. 1 and 7, in the present embodiment, the flexible hinge 2 includes an upper plate 21, a lower plate 22, and a buffer device. The buffer devices are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the upper bottom plate 21 and are positioned between the upper bottom plate 21 and the lower bottom plate 22. The buffer device comprises an upper fixing frame 23, a middle fixing frame 24 and a lower fixing frame 25. A thin sheet 26 is provided between the upper mount 23 and the middle mount 24 and between the middle mount 24 and the lower mount 25, respectively. By providing the thin sheet 26 between the upper mount 23 and the middle mount 24 and between the middle mount 24 and the lower mount 25, the problem of detachment of the snowboard 4 from the snow surface due to the runout of the end surface caused by the uneven snow surface can be reduced, so that the snowboard 4 is continuously contacted with the snow surface to ensure the reliability of the contact surface.
Referring to fig. 7, in this embodiment, the flexible hinge 2 further includes a clip 27, one end of the clip 27 is fixedly connected to the lower plate 22, and one end of the clip 27 remote from the lower plate 22 is connected to the snowboard 4. The snowboard 4 used in the present invention is an equal-scale reduced snowboard, and is fixedly connected to the flexible hinge 2 via the clip 27. The force sensor 1 can apply a force with reduced scale to the snowboard 4, so that the snowboard 4 contacts with the snow surface rotating at high speed, thereby realizing the friction test of the snowboard 4 and obtaining an accurate friction coefficient of the snowboard.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, in the present embodiment, the jig 3 includes an outer tank structure, a constant temperature top cover 32, and an inner tank 31 for placing ice and snow. Preferably, the outer trough structure is made of low temperature resistant alloy steel. The inner tank 31 is disposed in the outer tank structure, and a space for uniformly placing ice and snow samples is provided in the inner tank 31. The constant temperature top cover 32 covers the outer groove structure and the inner groove 31, and an opening for placing the snowboard 4 is also formed in the constant temperature top cover 32. Through which the skis 4 can be placed in the clamps 3 and brought into contact with the ice and snow sample of the inner tank 31, thus simulating a skiing process.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in particular, the outer tank structure includes an outer tank top cover 33 and an outer tank 34 fixedly connected to the machine tool. The outer groove 34 is formed with a space for placing dry ice, and a plurality of hollowed-out grooves 35 are formed in the inner side wall of the outer groove 34. The outer tank cover 33 covers the outer tank 34 and is positioned below the constant temperature cover 32. Preferably, the outer trough top cover 33 is a hollowed-out top cover. The provision of a storage space for dry ice within the outer tank 34 ensures that the ambient temperature around the inner tank 31 is maintained at a low level during operation. The inner side wall of the outer groove 34 is provided with a plurality of hollowed grooves 35 which can continuously release the low temperature generated by the dry ice in the outer groove 34 in the test process, so that the low temperature state of the environment is maintained, and the loss of the ice and snow in the non-friction process is reduced.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in this embodiment, a through hole is formed in the middle of the outer groove 34, and is used for sleeving the spindle of the machine tool. The inner groove 31 is fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool through a gasket 5 and a screw, and is configured to rotate under the drive of the main shaft of the machine tool so as to realize the relative movement between the snowboard 4 and the ice and snow in the inner groove 31. Preferably, the screw is a 3mm screw. After the ice and snow sample is flatly paved on the inner groove 31, the high-rotation speed rotation of the inner groove 31 can be realized through the rotation of the main shaft of the machine tool, and the ice and snow sample can be driven to rotate, so that the motion state in the skiing process is simulated, and parameters such as friction coefficient, X axial force, displacement depth, Z axial force and the like are obtained.
Referring to fig. 4, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the inner tank 31 is further provided with a plurality of anti-slip strips 6. By arranging the anti-slip strips 6, the ice and snow sample and the bottom of the inner tank 31 can be prevented from sliding relatively during the starting stage, so that the ice and snow can be uniformly spread in the inner tank 31.
Referring to FIG. 5, in another preferred embodiment, the snowboard high speed friction performance testing apparatus further includes a dynamic balancing apparatus 7. The dynamic balance device 7 is disposed in the outer tank structure, and the dynamic balance device 7 is disposed below the inner tank 31. The dynamic balancing device 7 is configured to rotate under the drive of the machine tool spindle to counteract the centrifugal force caused by mass eccentricity during rotation.
Specifically, the dynamic balance device 7 includes a dynamic balance disc 71, and the dynamic balance disc 71 is fixedly connected with the inner groove 31 by a screw to form a whole, and then is fixedly connected with the spindle of the machine tool. Preferably, the screw is a 3mm screw. A plurality of grooves are formed in the dynamic balance disc 71. The dynamic balance device 7 further comprises a plurality of dynamic balance weights 72, and the dynamic balance weights 72 are correspondingly arranged in the grooves. Specifically, the dynamic balance weight 72 is fixed in the groove by a screw of 2 mm. In the present embodiment, the number of the dynamic weights 72 is 3, however, it should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of the dynamic weights 72 may be set according to actual situations, and the present invention is not limited specifically. By providing the dynamic balance device 7, the centrifugal force effect caused by mass eccentricity due to uneven mass distribution of ice and snow in the inner tank 31 under high-speed test can be balanced, so that the test can reach a preset rotating speed to obtain parameters such as friction coefficient and the like under high rotating speed and ensure the accuracy of acquired data.
The high-speed friction performance testing device of the snowboard is an indoor friction performance testing device which accords with the principle of equal proportion. In the test, the size and the stress condition of the snowboard 4 are reduced in an equal proportion, so that the outdoor complex test contents can be completed in a laboratory. In structure, the rotating working part and the temperature control part of the snowboard high-speed friction performance testing device are separated independently, so that the high-speed friction performance testing can be realized at a lower environment temperature, the consumption of snow in a non-friction state in the testing process is reduced, the greater guarantee is brought to the data acquisition and the data effectiveness of the test, and meanwhile, the operation is more convenient. The indoor friction performance test can provide better test environment conditions and high-precision equipment, and solves the problem of how to detect the influence of the change caused by the single-factor change on the friction coefficient in the high-speed friction process of the snowboard, and the observation of the single-factor change is finer. The invention improves the detection capability of the influence of single factor change while reducing the test difficulty, thereby further improving the reliability of test data.
Referring to FIG. 1, a second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for testing high-speed friction performance of a snowboard, comprising the steps of:
s1, fixing the outer groove 34 on a machine tool, and putting a certain amount of dry ice into the outer groove 34. The outer tank cap 33 is then secured to the outer tank 34.
S2, connecting the inner groove 31 and the dynamic balance device 7 into a whole, placing the whole in the outer groove 34, then spreading the ice and snow sample in the inner groove 31, fixing the ice and snow sample on a machine tool spindle through the gasket 6, and finally covering the outer groove 34 and the inner groove 31 with the constant temperature top cover 32. The constant temperature top cover 32 is injected with water and put into an ice chest for freezing before being covered, and the constant temperature top cover 32 is taken out to be covered on the outer groove 34 and the inner groove 31 after being frozen to the required temperature. By placing dry ice in the outer trough 34 and freezing the thermostatic top cover 32 in the freezer, the whole device can be controlled in a low temperature state, so that the consumption of snow in a non-friction state in the test process is reduced, and the stability of test conditions and the accuracy of data are ensured.
S3, placing the skis 4 on the ice and snow sample, and applying pressure to the skis through the force sensor 1 until a preset pressure value is reached. Wherein the preset pressure value is a pressure value obtained by equally scaling down the body weight of a standard athlete corresponding to the snowboard 4 obtained by scaling down the same. And then the relative positions of the three dynamic balance blocks are regulated from low speed to offset the centrifugal force caused by mass eccentricity in the rotating process, and after the radial runout reaches a specified range, the speed can be increased to a preset high rotating speed for test work.
S4, starting the machine tool to enable the main shaft of the machine tool to rotate, and further driving the inner groove 31 to rotate. By reading the data on the force sensor 1, parameters such as friction coefficient, X-axis force, displacement depth, Z-axis force and the like can be obtained. According to the invention, the inner groove 31 can be driven to rotate at a high speed by rotating the main shaft of the machine tool, so that the snowboard 4 and the ice and snow sample can slide relatively to simulate the skiing process.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A snowboard high-speed friction performance testing device, comprising:
a force sensor configured on a tool rest of the machine tool;
a flexible hinge arranged on the force sensor, and one end of the flexible hinge far away from the force sensor is fixed with a snowboard; the flexible hinge comprises a buffer device, wherein the buffer device comprises an upper fixing frame, a middle fixing frame and a lower fixing frame, and a thin sheet is respectively arranged between the upper fixing frame and the middle fixing frame and between the middle fixing frame and the lower fixing frame; and
the clamp is used for being fixed on a machine tool and positioned below the force sensor, the clamp comprises an outer groove structure, a constant temperature top cover and an inner groove for placing ice and snow, the inner groove is arranged in the outer groove structure, the constant temperature top cover covers the outer groove structure and the inner groove, the constant temperature top cover is also provided with an opening for placing the snowboard, and the inner groove is configured to be driven by a machine tool spindle to rotate so as to realize relative movement between the snowboard and the ice and snow in the inner groove; the outer groove structure comprises an outer groove fixedly connected with the machine tool, a space for placing dry ice is formed in the outer groove, and a plurality of hollowed-out grooves are formed in the inner side wall of the outer groove; wherein,,
the flexible hinge comprises an upper bottom plate, a lower bottom plate and the buffer device symmetrically arranged between the upper bottom plate and the lower bottom plate; the method comprises the steps of,
the flexible hinge also comprises a chuck, one end of the chuck is fixedly connected with the lower bottom plate, and one end of the chuck, which is far away from the lower bottom plate, is connected with the snowboard.
2. The snowboard high-speed friction performance testing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer groove structure further comprises an outer groove top cover, the outer groove top cover is covered on the outer groove, and the outer groove top cover is a hollowed top cover.
3. The device for testing the high-speed friction performance of the snowboard according to claim 1, wherein a through hole is formed in the middle of the outer groove and is used for being sleeved on the main shaft of the machine tool, and the inner groove is fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool through a gasket and a screw so as to be driven by the main shaft of the machine tool to rotate.
4. The snowboard high-speed friction performance testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said outer trough structure is made of low temperature resistant alloy steel.
5. The device for testing the high-speed friction performance of the snowboard according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of anti-slip strips are further arranged at the bottom of the inner groove.
6. A method for testing the high-speed friction performance of a snowboard, characterized in that the testing method is based on the snowboard high-speed friction performance testing device according to any one of claims 1-5; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, fixing the outer groove on the machine tool, putting dry ice into the outer groove, and then fixing an outer groove top cover on the outer groove;
s2, placing the inner groove in the outer groove, then spreading an ice and snow sample in the inner groove, fixing the ice and snow sample on the main shaft of the machine tool through a gasket, and finally covering the constant-temperature top cover on the outer groove and the inner groove;
s3, placing the snowboard on the ice and snow sample, and applying pressure to the snowboard through the force sensor until a preset pressure value is reached;
s4, starting the machine tool to enable the machine tool spindle to rotate, further driving the inner groove to rotate so that the snowboard and the ice and snow sample slide relatively, and then obtaining friction coefficient, X axial force, displacement depth and Z axial force through the force sensor.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, before the constant temperature top cover is covered on the outer tank and the inner tank, the method further comprises the steps of: and injecting water into the constant-temperature top cover and putting the constant-temperature top cover into an ice chest for freezing.
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