CN114107851A - Distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction - Google Patents
Distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following specific steps: s1: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cupronickel alloy and then carrying out water quenching; s2: placing the solid-dissolved material in friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing on the surface layer of the material by adjusting the rotating speed, the feeding speed, the lap joint rate and the reduction of a friction stir welding stirring head; s3: and (4) placing the material subjected to stirring and friction processing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, and taking out for water quenching after heat preservation. The method introduces residual stress through a stirring friction processing technology and combines two steps of subsequent annealing heat treatment, so that the grain boundary characteristic distribution of the cupronickel alloy is optimized; the stirring friction processing can process the surface of a large-size workpiece with a complex shape, can quickly optimize the crystal boundary structure of the surface layer of an irregular material, improves the corrosion resistance of the material, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, environmental friendliness, no pollution and easy industrial automatic production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal material deformation and heat treatment, in particular to a distribution optimization method based on stirring friction processing of white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics.
Background
The cupronickel alloy has good mechanical property and machining property, and is often used in the industries of thermal power generation, nuclear power, shipbuilding, seawater desalination, ocean engineering and the like. With the development of ocean strategy in China, higher requirements are put forward on the performance of the white copper material. The corrosion of the white copper alloy is often intercrystalline corrosion in the use process, and the corrosion in the form of the corrosion is suddenly destructive and unpredictable, so that the production and life safety is endangered, and the further improvement of the corrosion resistance of the white copper is particularly important in order to improve the product quality and prolong the service life.
Grain boundaries, an important structural feature of polycrystalline materials, have a significant impact on the properties of the material. Many phenomena (intergranular corrosion, precipitation, oxidation) have been found to be closely related to the structure of grain boundaries. Due to higher structure order degree, low free volume and interface energy, low sigma CSL grain boundaries (especially sigma 3 grain boundaries) often show strong inhibition effects on actions such as corrosion, sensitization, fracture, solute segregation and the like, and some are even completely immune, while random grain boundaries often become core and propagation channels for crack initiation. Therefore, it is a feasible method to improve the material performance by optimizing the material microstructure. Based on the understanding of the properties of grain boundaries, Watanabe proposed in 1984 the concept of "grain boundary design and control", i.e., the improvement of the properties of materials, such as strength, toughness and corrosion resistance, through the control of the design and distribution of the types of grain boundaries. Subsequently, this concept was developed by Lin et al into the field of "Grain Boundary Engineering" (GBE) research. The grain boundary engineering is to optimize the grain boundary characteristic distribution of the material by a certain thermomechanical treatment process, particularly to improve the proportion of low sigma CSL grain boundaries in the material and disperse a random grain boundary network, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling and optimizing the material performance. In the past three decades, grain boundary engineering has played an important role in improving the grain boundary related properties of materials.
Almost all grain boundary engineering is realized by adopting a thermomechanical treatment process, which can be divided into two categories according to the difference of recrystallization behavior or deformation-induced grain boundary migration behavior in the thermomechanical treatment process: strain-recrystallization processes and strain-annealing processes. Regardless of the process, the strain is mostly introduced by rolling. For rolling deformation, the method is only suitable for flat plate pieces, but not suitable for repairing irregular workpieces and parts, and further popularization and application of grain boundary engineering are severely restricted. The strain and annealing treatment can optimize the integral grain boundary characteristic distribution of the bulk material, thereby improving the intercrystalline corrosion performance of the material. As is well known, corrosion failure of a material usually starts from the surface and gradually permeates and diffuses into the interior, so that if a corrosion-resistant surface layer with an optimized grain boundary structure can be obtained by means of surface deformation combined with annealing heat treatment, the corrosion-resistant surface layer has important significance for improving the corrosion resistance of the material.
The friction stir processing is a novel severe plastic deformation processing technology developed on the basis of friction stir welding, and has wide application in the aspects of material modification, composite material preparation and the like. The friction stir processing technology applies violent plastic deformation to a contact surface by utilizing high-speed rotation of a stirring head, can improve the microstructure of a material through local processing, realizes the homogenization and densification of the tissue components of an alloy material, does not influence the shape and the size of the alloy, and has convenient and adjustable processing depth. In addition, a large amount of heat is generated by high-speed rotation in the stirring process, so that the material can be subjected to dynamic recrystallization behavior to refine the grain size, and strain can be introduced to provide a driving force for subsequent annealing treatment. The friction stir processing technology is an efficient and green solid phase processing technology, and compared with other forming methods, the friction stir processing technology has the advantages of simplicity in operation, low cost, strong adaptability to workpieces with complex shapes and the like. The existing reports are that the material is directly subjected to surface treatment (grain size refinement) by using a friction stir processing technology or different materials are subjected to friction stir to prepare the composite material, and the report that the grain boundary characteristic distribution of the material is optimized by combining the friction stir processing technology with annealing heat treatment is not available; therefore, a distribution optimization method based on the grain boundary characteristics of the friction stir processing white copper alloy is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a distribution optimization method for processing the grain boundary characteristics of the cupronickel alloy based on stirring friction, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a distribution optimization method for processing the grain boundary characteristics of the cupronickel alloy based on stirring friction comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cupronickel alloy and then carrying out water quenching;
s2: placing the solid-dissolved material in friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing on the surface layer of the material by adjusting the rotating speed, the feeding speed, the lap joint rate and the reduction of a friction stir welding stirring head;
s3: and (4) placing the material subjected to stirring and friction processing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, and taking out for water quenching after heat preservation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solution treatment in S1 is water quenching after maintaining the white copper alloy at 800 ℃ for 30 min.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the rotation speed in S2 is 400-1200rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the overlapping rate is 50%, and the pressing amount is 0.3 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the heat treatment temperature in the S3 is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method introduces residual stress through a stirring friction processing technology and combines two steps of subsequent annealing heat treatment, so that the grain boundary characteristic distribution of the cupronickel alloy is optimized; the stirring friction processing can process the surface of a large-size workpiece with a complex shape, can quickly optimize the crystal boundary structure of the surface layer of an irregular material, improves the corrosion resistance of the material, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, environmental friendliness, no pollution and easy industrial automatic production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a statistical chart of grain boundary characteristic distribution in the cupronickel alloy after solution treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart of grain boundary characteristics of the processed white copper alloy with stirring head rotation speed of 400rpm, feed speed of 100mm/min, lap joint rate of 50% and pressing amount of 0.3mm after annealing at 700 ℃ for 24 h;
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of grain boundary characteristics of the processed white copper alloy with stirring head rotation speed of 600rpm, feed speed of 100mm/min, lap joint rate of 50% and pressing amount of 0.3mm after annealing at 700 ℃ for 24 h;
FIG. 4 is a statistical chart of grain boundary characteristics after annealing the processed white copper alloy with the stirring head rotating speed of 800rpm, the feeding speed of 100mm/min, the lap joint rate of 50% and the pressing amount of 0.3mm at 700 ℃ for 24 h;
FIG. 5 is a statistical chart of grain boundary characteristics after annealing the processed white copper alloy with the stirring head rotating speed of 1000rpm, the feeding speed of 100mm/min, the lap joint rate of 50% and the pressing amount of 0.3mm at 700 ℃ for 24 h;
FIG. 6 is a statistical chart of the grain boundary characteristics of the processed white copper alloy with the stirring head rotating speed of 1200rpm, the feeding speed of 100mm/min, the lap joint rate of 50% and the pressing amount of 0.3mm after annealing at 700 ℃ for 24 h.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention more readily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus will more clearly and distinctly define the scope of the invention.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: a distribution optimization method for processing the grain boundary characteristics of the cupronickel alloy based on stirring friction comprises the following steps:
s1: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cupronickel alloy and then carrying out water quenching;
s2: placing the solid-dissolved material in friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing on the surface layer of the material by adjusting the rotating speed, the feeding speed, the lap joint rate and the reduction of a friction stir welding stirring head;
s3: and (4) placing the material subjected to stirring and friction processing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, and taking out for water quenching after heat preservation.
The solution treatment in the S1 is water quenching after the white copper alloy is subjected to heat preservation for 30min at 800 ℃; in the step S2, the rotation speed is 400-1200rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the overlapping rate is 50%, and the pressing amount is 0.3 mm; the heat treatment temperature in the S3 is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24 h.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the white copper alloy used was a B10 white copper alloy, and the specific components (% by mass) are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1B 10 cupronickel alloy composition (% by mass)
In the following examples and comparative examples, the optimization effect of the material grain boundary characteristic distribution is expressed by the total low Σ CSL grain boundary ratio (%), and a higher numerical value indicates a higher degree of optimization of the grain boundary structure.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following steps:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 400rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary feature distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 2, in which the black lines represent high-energy free grain boundaries and the gray lines represent low-energy sigma CSL grain boundaries. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 72.7%, and the optimization effect of the grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
Example 2:
the invention relates to a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following steps:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 600rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary feature distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 3, where the black lines represent high-energy free grain boundaries and the gray lines represent low-energy sigma CSL grain boundaries. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 78.7%, and the optimization effect of grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
Example 3:
the invention relates to a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following steps:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 800rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary feature distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 4, in which the black lines represent high-energy free grain boundaries and the gray lines represent low-energy sigma CSL grain boundaries. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 84.7%, and the optimization effect of grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
Example 4
The invention relates to a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following steps:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 1000rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary feature distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 5, in which the black lines represent high-energy free grain boundaries and the gray lines represent low-energy sigma CSL grain boundaries. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 76.7%, and the optimization effect of grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
Example 5
The invention relates to a distribution optimization method for processing white copper alloy grain boundary characteristics based on stirring friction, which comprises the following steps:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 1200rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary feature distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 6, where the black lines represent high-energy free grain boundaries and the gray lines represent low-energy sigma CSL grain boundaries. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 77.0%, and the optimization effect of the grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
Comparative example 1
In this example, to compare the material property difference before and after the grain boundary engineering treatment, the following steps were included:
s1: b10 cupronickel alloy is pretreated, namely solution treatment (treatment at 800 ℃ for 30min and water quenching);
s2: stirring and rubbing the cupronickel alloy plate by using a stirring and rubbing machine tool, wherein the rotating speed of a stirring head for stirring and rubbing processing is 800rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the reduction is 0.3mm, so as to obtain a processed sample;
s3: and (3) annealing the processed sample at 700 ℃, preserving heat for 24 hours, and taking out for water quenching.
Determining the characteristic distribution of the alloy grain boundary: the grain boundary characteristic distribution in the B10 white copper alloy after the annealing treatment was observed and analyzed by the EBSD technique, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and 3, in which the black line represents a high-energy free grain boundary and the gray line represents a low-energy sigma CSL grain boundary. The B10 cupronickel alloy was annealed at 800 ℃ for 30min and water-quenched, and the proportion of low sigma CSL grain boundaries in the structure was 58.4%. After the processed sample is annealed at 700 ℃ for 24h and water quenched, the proportion of the low sigma CSL grain boundary in the structure is 84.7%, which is about 26% higher than that in the B10 white copper alloy after solution treatment, and the optimization effect of grain boundary characteristic distribution is obvious.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The distribution optimization method for processing the grain boundary characteristics of the cupronickel alloy based on stirring friction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on the cupronickel alloy and then carrying out water quenching;
s2: placing the solid-dissolved material in friction stir welding equipment, and performing friction stir processing on the surface layer of the material by adjusting the rotating speed, the feeding speed, the lap joint rate and the reduction of a friction stir welding stirring head;
s3: and (4) placing the material subjected to stirring and friction processing in a heat treatment furnace for annealing treatment, and taking out for water quenching after heat preservation.
2. The distribution optimization method based on the grain boundary characteristics of the friction stir processing cupronickel alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solution treatment in the S1 is water quenching after the white copper alloy is subjected to heat preservation for 30min at 800 ℃.
3. The distribution optimization method based on the grain boundary characteristics of the friction stir processing cupronickel alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the rotation speed is 400-1200rpm, the feeding speed is 100mm/min, the overlapping rate is 50%, and the pressing amount is 0.3 mm.
4. The distribution optimization method based on the grain boundary characteristics of the friction stir processing cupronickel alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment temperature in the S3 is 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 24 h.
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| CN115476122A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-12-16 | 宁波江丰电子材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of large-size target backboard with complex water channel |
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| CN109457138A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-12 | 燕山大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-strength Kumium alloy |
| CN113263279A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-17 | 北京科技大学 | Method for improving performance of heat-treatable strengthened aluminum alloy friction stir welding joint |
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Patent Citations (4)
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| JP2003025078A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-28 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | Copper, copper-base alloy and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN103286434A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-11 | 南京理工大学 | Method for manufacturing high-strength laminated composite boards |
| CN109457138A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-03-12 | 燕山大学 | A kind of preparation method of high-strength Kumium alloy |
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