CN111618216A - Method for improving flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forge piece - Google Patents
Method for improving flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forge piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111618216A CN111618216A CN202010493927.9A CN202010493927A CN111618216A CN 111618216 A CN111618216 A CN 111618216A CN 202010493927 A CN202010493927 A CN 202010493927A CN 111618216 A CN111618216 A CN 111618216A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forgings, which belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging and adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps: s1, blanking raw materials; s2, forging and heating: heating the raw material; s3, forging: the first process step is as follows: taking the raw material heated in the step S2, upsetting an upper flat plate and drawing out the upper flat plate on the raw material, fully crushing a steel ingot casting structure, compacting the steel ingot by adopting a high-temperature large-deformation mode, and performing a second step: carrying out upper flat plate upsetting and upper anvil drawing on the raw material processed in the first step to obtain a forge piece; s4, cooling after forging: placing the forge piece into a furnace, uniformly and slowly cooling to 300 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling the forge piece; s5, preheating: the method has the advantages that the structure of the forged piece is improved, and the flaw detection percent of pass of the forged piece is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging, in particular to a method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forgings.
Background
With the development of economy and society, China also follows the guidelines of times and people for improving sustainable development, and more novel energy sources enter the visual field of people, such as nuclear power, hydroelectric power, wind power and geothermal power generation, which occupy larger and larger proportions in the energy industry. The wind power generation is very environment-friendly, and the wind energy is huge, so that the wind power generation is increasingly paid attention to all countries in the world, and the Chinese and western regions are widely known, and the wind power generation has a Qinghai-Tibet plateau and a loess plateau and contains rich wind energy resources. In 2019, the installed capacity of the newly added wind power in the world exceeds 60GW, the installed capacity is increased by 19% on the same scale, and the accumulated installed capacity reaches 650 GW. Wherein, the land wind power is newly added with 54.2GW which is increased by 17% on the same scale, and the development related to the wind power generation industry in China is driven.
The 18CrNiMo7-6 steel is used for manufacturing wind power and industrial carburized gears, the demand of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging of the gear box forging is increased explosively, the flaw detection requirement of the forging is improved, as the 18CrNiMo7-6 is white-point sensitive steel, the white-point defect is easy to occur by adopting common dehydrogenation annealing, the austenite is not completely transformed in the subsequent forging process, residual austenite exists in the structure, the residual austenite is gradually transformed to martensite along with time in the subsequent machining, the shear stress and the tensile stress caused by the change are changed, the structure is broken, and the flaw detection qualification rate of the forging is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forgings, which has the advantages of improving the tissue structure of the forgings and improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the forgings.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of 18CrNiMo7-6 forgings comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking raw materials;
s2, forging and heating: feeding the raw material into a forging heating furnace for heating;
s3, forging: the first process step is as follows: taking the raw material heated in the step S2, upsetting an upper flat plate and drawing out the upper flat plate on the raw material, fully crushing a steel ingot casting structure, compacting the steel ingot by adopting a high-temperature large-deformation mode, and performing a second step: carrying out upper flat plate upsetting and upper anvil drawing on the raw material processed in the first step to obtain a forge piece; the third step is as follows: upsetting and punching the forge piece; the fourth step: rolling the ring by using the forging piece;
s4, cooling after forging: placing the forge piece into a furnace, uniformly and slowly cooling to 300 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling the forge piece;
s5, preheating: normalizing the forging at 900 plus 950 ℃, then air-cooling the forging to room temperature, tempering the forging at 600 plus 750 ℃, and finally air-cooling the forging to room temperature.
Further, in the first step of step S3, the upsetting speed of the upper plate upsetting is controlled within the range of 300-1000 mm/min.
Further, in the first step of step S3, after upsetting is carried out to the process requirement height, the pressure is maintained for 10-100S, so that the center of the forge piece is loose and the defects have time to be fully compacted.
Further, in the second step of step S3, when the upper anvil is elongated, the feed amount is controlled to be 0.2 to 0.7 times the upper anvil width.
Further, in the second step of step S3, the range of the pressing amount of the upper anvil at the time of drawing is 30 to 100 mm.
Further, in step S2, the raw material is charged into the furnace at an initial temperature of 600 ℃ or lower, heated to 750-950 ℃ at a heating rate of 120 ℃/h or lower and then heat-preserved, and then heated to 1230-1280 ℃ at 200 ℃/h or lower and then heat-preserved.
Furthermore, the heat preservation time of the raw material at 750 + 950 ℃ is T1, T1 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8min/mm, the heat preservation time of the raw material at 1230 + 1280 ℃ is T2, and T2 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8 min/mm.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the forging process, upsetting and stretching are performed twice, the center of the forging is compacted for the first time, the surface of the forging is compacted for the first time, the cast structure of the steel ingot is fully crushed, the residual austenite is eliminated in a high-temperature large deformation mode, stress change caused by the residual austenite is eliminated while the structure is crushed, and therefore the defects of the structure of the forging are reduced, and the qualification rate of flaw detection of the forging is improved.
2. In the first step, the upsetting speed is controlled within the range of 300-1000mm/min for rapid upsetting, which is beneficial to more rapidly breaking the original crystal structure.
3. The pressure maintaining time is within 10s-100s, so that the center of the forge piece is loose and the defects have sufficient time to be fully compacted, and the flaw detection qualification rate of the forge piece is further improved.
4. In the second step, the rolling reduction of drawing is reasonably controlled, and the surface compaction effect of the forge piece is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of steps of a method for improving the flaw detection yield of an 18CrNiMo7-6 forging.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph A of a forging in a metallographic examination of the forging;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic micrograph B of the forging in a metallographic examination of the forging;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic micrograph C of the forging in a metallographic examination of the forging;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic micrograph D of the forging in a metallographic examination of the forging.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): a method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of an 18CrNiMo7-6 forging piece is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking of raw materials: and (3) cutting a nozzle and a riser of the smelted 18CrNiMo7-6 steel ingot, taking the steel ingot as a raw material, cutting 3-5% of the nozzle part and 12-18% of the riser.
S2, forging and heating: feeding the raw material which is completely fed in the S1 into a forging heating furnace, feeding the raw material into the furnace at an initial temperature of less than or equal to 600 ℃, then heating to 750 plus 950 ℃ at a heating speed of less than or equal to 120 ℃/h and preserving heat, wherein the heat preservation time is T1, T1 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8min/mm, then heating to 1230 plus 1280 ℃ at a heating speed of less than or equal to 200 ℃/h and preserving heat, the heat preservation time is T2, and T2 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8 min/mm.
S3, forging: comprises a first step, a second step, a third step and a fourth step.
The first process step is as follows: taking the raw material which is heated in the S2, using a press to carry out upper flat plate upsetting, controlling the upsetting average speed within the range of 300-1000mm/min, adopting a rapid upsetting mode to fully crush the steel ingot as-cast structure, and adopting a high-temperature large-deformation mode to compact the steel ingot, so that the forging structure is more uniform; and (3) after upsetting is carried out to the height size close to the process requirement, keeping the pressure of a press for 10-100 s near the size, ensuring that the center of the raw material is loose and the defects have time to be fully compacted, and finally carrying out upper flat plate drawing on the raw material.
The second step is as follows: and (3) carrying out upper flat plate upsetting and upper anvil drawing on the raw material obtained in the first step, wherein when the upper anvil drawing is adopted, the feeding amount is controlled to be 0.2-0.7 times of the upper anvil width, the reduction amount is 30-100mm each time, the surface area of the raw material is further compacted, and finally the initial forging is obtained.
The third step is as follows: upsetting the forging to the design size according to the process requirement, and then punching the forging.
The fourth step: and rolling the forging to the required size.
S4, cooling after forging: firstly, putting the forge piece obtained in the step S3 into a forging heating furnace, uniformly and slowly cooling to 300 ℃, and then discharging the forge piece from the furnace for air cooling.
S5, preheating: normalizing the forging at 900-750 ℃, then air-cooling the forging to room temperature, tempering the forging at 600-750 ℃, and finally air-cooling the forging to room temperature.
S6, machining: and (4) exposing the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the annular forging.
S7, flaw detection: and (5) flaw detection is carried out on the forged piece.
Comprehensive flaw detection of the forgings:
preparation of the experiment: two sets of samples having a designation of 18CrNiMo7-6 were prepared.
And (3) metallographic detection: and detecting the microstructure of the forging piece by using a metallographic microscope.
And (3) displaying the microstructure of the forging: the microstructure of the forging is shown in fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5.
And (4) conclusion: 1. a head part: head macrostructure: the center is loose by 1.0 grade, and no shrinkage cavity, center crack, middle crack, subcutaneous bubble and subcutaneous crack defect are seen.
2. Tail part: tail macrostructure: the center is loose by 1.0 grade, and no shrinkage cavity, center crack, middle crack, subcutaneous bubble and subcutaneous crack defect are seen.
3. The grain size is grade 6.5 according to ASTM E112-13 rating, and the requirement of acceptance standard is met.
(grain size: 80 hours of heat preservation at 950 ℃), and the grade is 2.0 according to GB/T13299, and the requirement of acceptance standard is met.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forge piece is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking raw materials;
s2, forging and heating: feeding the raw material into a forging heating furnace for heating;
s3, forging: the first process step is as follows: taking the raw material heated in the step S2, upsetting an upper flat plate and drawing out the upper flat plate on the raw material, fully crushing a steel ingot casting structure, compacting the steel ingot by adopting a high-temperature large-deformation mode, and performing a second step: carrying out upper flat plate upsetting and upper anvil drawing on the raw material processed in the first step to obtain a forge piece; the third step is as follows: upsetting and punching the forge piece; the fourth step: rolling the ring by using the forging piece;
s4, cooling after forging: placing the forge piece into a furnace, uniformly and slowly cooling to 300 ℃, discharging, and then air cooling the forge piece;
s5, preheating: normalizing the forging at 900 plus 950 ℃, then air-cooling the forging to room temperature, tempering the forging at 600 plus 750 ℃, and finally air-cooling the forging to room temperature.
2. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step of step S3, the upsetting speed of the upper plate upsetting is controlled within the range of 300-1000 mm/min.
3. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step of the step S3, after upsetting is carried out to the process requirement height, the pressure is maintained for 10-100S, so that the center of the forge piece is loose and the defects have time to be fully compacted.
4. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step of step S3, the feed amount is controlled to be 0.2 to 0.7 times the upper anvil width when the upper anvil is elongated.
5. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step of step S3, the reduction amount of the upper anvil during the drawing is in the range of 30 to 100 mm.
6. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S2, the raw material is charged into the furnace at an initial temperature of 600 ℃ or lower, then heated to 950 ℃ at a heating rate of 120 ℃/h or lower and is kept at the temperature, and then heated to 1280 ℃ at 1230 ℃ at 200 ℃/h or lower and is kept at the temperature.
7. The method for improving the flaw detection qualification rate of the 18CrNiMo7-6 forging according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the heat preservation time of the raw material at 750 plus materials and 950 ℃ is T1, T1 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8min/mm, the heat preservation time of the raw material at 1230 plus materials and 1280 ℃ is T2, and T2 is the maximum effective section of the raw material 0.2-0.8 min/mm.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112620560A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | 18CrNiMo7-6 gear forging and manufacturing method and detection method for overcoming subcutaneous defects of forging |
| CN112853079A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Large-diameter thin-wall high-cylinder ultrahigh-strength steel D406A ring forging forming method |
| CN113211022A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-06 | 无锡宝露重工有限公司 | Production method for refining grain size of 18CrNiMo7-6 gear |
| CN113684354A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | Method for improving banded structure of alloy structural steel 17CrNiMo6 forge piece |
| CN114273584A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging-modifying method for 1200 KG-grade high-temperature oxidation-resistant alloy |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112620560A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 南京迪威尔高端制造股份有限公司 | 18CrNiMo7-6 gear forging and manufacturing method and detection method for overcoming subcutaneous defects of forging |
| CN112853079A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Large-diameter thin-wall high-cylinder ultrahigh-strength steel D406A ring forging forming method |
| CN112853079B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-02-13 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forming method of large-diameter thin-wall high-cylinder type ultra-high strength steel D406A ring forging |
| CN113211022A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-08-06 | 无锡宝露重工有限公司 | Production method for refining grain size of 18CrNiMo7-6 gear |
| CN113684354A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆长征重工有限责任公司 | Method for improving banded structure of alloy structural steel 17CrNiMo6 forge piece |
| CN114273584A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-05 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging-modifying method for 1200 KG-grade high-temperature oxidation-resistant alloy |
| CN114273584B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-04-05 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | Forging method for 1200 KG-grade high-temperature antioxidant alloy |
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