CN114097552A - Oat-green manure planting method combining three crops in one year with fertilizer feeding - Google Patents
Oat-green manure planting method combining three crops in one year with fertilizer feeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN114097552A CN114097552A CN202111530581.6A CN202111530581A CN114097552A CN 114097552 A CN114097552 A CN 114097552A CN 202111530581 A CN202111530581 A CN 202111530581A CN 114097552 A CN114097552 A CN 114097552A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method taking oat-green manure and 'three crops a year' as fertilizer and feed into consideration, and belongs to the technical field of crop planting. The planting method mainly comprises the following steps: (1) sowing oat at the bottom of 11 months in the first year or 2-3 months in the second year, and harvesting at the bottom of 5 months or at the beginning of 6 months; (2) sowing green manure, and turning over and pressing into soil for returning to the field at the bottom of 7 months or at the beginning of 8 months; (3) the oat is sowed in autumn and harvested at the beginning of 11 months. The planting method for realizing both the once-year three-crop fertilization and the feeding of the oat and the green manure uses sesbania or white clover and the like as green manure crops to be turned over and returned to the field, so that the purposes of fertilizing land capability and cultivating land are achieved, meanwhile, the oat is used as gramineae pasture, and the sesbania or white clover is used as leguminous crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a planting method taking both oat-green manure and three crops in one year into consideration for fertilizer feeding.
Background
The photo-thermal resource of the plain area in the northeast of the river is rich, the accumulated annual temperature is about 4800 ℃, the fresh water resource is seriously deficient, the precipitation distribution in the area is uneven, the annual precipitation amount is generally 600mm, 70 percent of the annual precipitation amount is mainly concentrated in months of 7, 8 and 9, seasonal drought and water shortage are easily caused, and particularly the soil moisture content before sowing of winter wheat in the 10 months of the low plain area of the Bohai sea is unstable, so that the winter wheat cannot be sown smoothly. The frost-free period is about 180 days, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation and air temperature and the day and night difference of the air temperature are obvious.
The soil in the area is mostly dry and thin saline-alkali soil, the organic matter content is low, the soil fertility is barren, the decline of the soil fertility is aggravated by plunder cultivation in successive years, and the contradiction between the land and the soil cultivation becomes the 'bottleneck' problem which restricts the sustainable development of local agriculture.
The traditional cultivation and planting system in the plain area of the northeast of Hebei is mainly a planting structure of 'one-year-one-harvest' and 'two-harvest-one-year'. As the region is easy to be arid in autumn in October, winter wheat can not be sown in a proper period, and summer corn can be planted in rainy season only to form a planting system of one harvest in one year. When the soil moisture content is proper in autumn, winter wheat can be sown, and summer corn in the second year is added to form a double cropping planting system of winter wheat-summer corn.
In recent years, with the implementation of policies such as fallow and underground water pressure mining in the region, the sowing area of winter wheat is small, and the winter wheat is mainly planted once a year, so that the utilization rate of soil and natural climate conditions is low, and resources are wasted.
At present, forage grass crop planting also becomes the planting choice of most farmers, and besides alfalfa and whole silage corn, oats are also beginning to be popularized and planted in the region. Oats belong to cool-loving plants and have been grown primarily in the northern river dam area in the past. In recent years, oats planted in plain areas of northeast of Hebei are generally sown in early spring, and the yield of the oats is realized by utilizing cold and cool seasons in spring, but cold and cool climate resources in autumn of the areas are not fully utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a planting method taking both oat-green manure and 'three crops a year' as fertilizer and feed into consideration.
According to the cold and cool pleasure characteristics of the oats, the improvement of the fertility of cultivated land is considered at the same time, the problem of the existing planting structure of the plain area in the northeast of the river and the current situation of the development of forage grass crops are combined, a novel planting system for both oat-green manure 'three-crop-a-year' fertilizer feeding in the plain area in the northeast of the river is provided, meanwhile, a new planting mode is innovated and researched for both spring oat planting and autumn oat planting, and the yield, the quality and the economic benefit of oat planting in the area are effectively improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting method for both oat-green manure and three crops a year for fertilizer feeding comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing oat at the bottom of 11 months in the first year or 2-3 months in the second year, and harvesting at the bottom of 5 months or at the beginning of 6 months;
(2) sowing green manure, and turning over and pressing into soil for returning to the field at the bottom of 7 months or at the beginning of 8 months;
(3) the oat is sowed in autumn and harvested at the beginning of 11 months.
Preferably, the method for sowing the oat at the bottom of 11 months in the step (1) comprises the following steps: sowing in micro-furrow, sowing in one ridge and two furrows, and covering and pressing after sowing.
More preferably, the method for sowing the oats in the second year in the period of 2-3 months in the step (1) comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out rotary tillage and ridging before the first winter, and sowing the oat for 2-3 months by adopting a method of sowing in one ridge and two ditches.
Preferably, the green manure in the step (2) is sesbania or trifolium repens.
Preferably, the sesbania or the white clover adopts a sowing mode of drilling or broadcasting.
Preferably, the method for sowing the oat in autumn in the step (3) comprises the following steps: selecting feeding oat varieties with short growth period and lodging resistance, such as collar and sleeve, sowing at the beginning of 8 months, and sowing in 4-6cm wide furrow.
Preferably, after the oats are sown, fertilizer and water management is carried out in the oat jointing stage, 10-15Kg of urea is applied to each mu, and 30m of fermented liquid manure after solid-liquid separation of a dairy farm is applied and sprayed3Per mu.
Preferably, the seeding density of the oat in the step (3) is 6-7 kg/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the oat-green manure 'three crops a year' fertilizing and feeding method provided by the invention uses sesbania or white clover and the like as green manure crops to be turned over and returned to the field, thereby achieving the purposes of fertilizing soil fertility and cultivating the soil. Meanwhile, the oat is used as gramineous pasture, the sesbania or the white clover is used as leguminous crops, and the crop rotation of the gramineous crops and the leguminous crops can obviously improve the economic benefit and the soil utilization efficiency, increase the biological diversity of farmlands, and realize the purposes of land cultivation, ecological compensation and the like.
After the oat is harvested in spring, besides the green manure crops, the oat is also suitable for planting crops with short growth period, such as mung beans, small red beans and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1 test content
1.1 test site
The experiment is carried out in a western garden test station of agriculture and forestry academy of sciences of Cangzhou city in 2019-2021, and the experiment is positioned in the small king village and town west garden village of the canal area of Cangzhou city in Hebei province. The annual precipitation is about 540mm, the annual average temperature is 13.0 ℃, the annual accumulated temperature is 4785 ℃, and the frost-free period is 181 d. The test land is medium loam, and the main physicochemical properties of the soil of a plough layer (0-20 cm): the pH value is 7.96, the organic matter is 8.60g/kg, the total salt is 0.11%, the total nitrogen is 1.02g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 65.26mg/kg, the total phosphorus is 0.20g/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 19.97mg/kg, the total potassium is 8.87g/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 169.45 mg/kg.
1.2 design of the experiment
Seeding before the liriope muscari is sowed in 2019 in 11-month and 30-month days, adopting 'micro-furrow sowing' in a sowing mode, and harvesting oat in the 5-month and 6-month and 2020; the sesbania is sowed in a row after the oat is harvested, the sesbania is turned over and returned to the field at the bottom of 7 months, the oat is sowed in 1 day 8 and 8 months in 2020, the sowing mode adopts 'wide furrow sowing', and the oat is harvested in 5 days 11 and 11 months in 2020 in the milk stage. The tested oat variety is a 'collar-sleeve' early-maturing variety provided by Beijing Zhengdao breed limited company, the growth period is about 90 days, and the oat variety has high yield and lodging resistance.
The research of the oat-sesbania-oat planting test in the next year is carried out in the period from 11 month and 30 days in 2020 to 11 month and 5 days in 2021, and the test design is the same as that in the period from 11 month and 30 days in 2019 to 11 month and 5 days in 2021.
1.3 measurement of index
In the test process, indexes such as the plant height, the fresh grass yield, the hay yield, the nutritional quality and the like of the oat sowed in 30 days in 11 months and 1 day in 8 months are mainly measured.
2 results of the test
2.1 plant height analysis
Table 12019-2021 years oat plant height
The height of the oat planted before winter is higher than that of the oat planted in autumn when the oat is harvested in 6 months in 2 years, and the height of the oat planted before winter is more than 100cm, which shows that the oat planted before winter is superior to the oat planted in autumn in the aspect of plant height growth.
2.2 grass yield analysis
TABLE 22019 and 2021 Avena sativa production analysis
By analyzing the weed yield of the oats in the 2019-The dry yield of the planted oat is basically consistent, but the yield of the fresh grass is basically consistent, the late-stage temperature of the planted oat is lower in 8-month-1 day, the accumulated amount of dry matter is reduced, the yield of the dry oat is lower than that of the oat grass planted before winter, the dry matter content of the oat planted in 2019-202 days and 2020-2021-11-30 days is more than 21%, and the dry matter content of the oat planted in 8-month-1 day is about 19% when the oat is harvested and is lower than that of the oat planted before winter. The annual output of the oat hay reaches 16176kg/hm2And 16242.2kg/hm2. Under the influence of the great reduction of the export amount of Australian oat grass, the price of domestic oat grass is greatly increased in the last two years. Calculated according to the price of 1.8 yuan/kg of oat grass, the income of the oat grass in the year 2020 of 2019 and the year 2020 of 2021 respectively reaches 29116.8 yuan/hm2And 29236.0 yuan/hm2。
2.3 oat variety analysis
TABLE 32019 and 2021 Avena sativa quality analysis
By analyzing the oat grass quality in 2019 and 2020 and 2021, the crude protein content of the oat grass planted in 30 days in 11 months is higher than that of the oat planted in 1 day in 8 months, and the content of the acidic detergent fiber and the neutral detergent fiber are higher than that of the oat planted in 1 day in 8 months. According to the oat grass grading quality standard, the oat grass quality in the oat harvest time sowed in 11-month and 30-day days can reach a first-level quality level, the oat grass sowed in 8-month and 1-day days can reach a second-level quality level, and the oat grass with higher quality can be harvested no matter the oat is sowed before winter or in autumn.
3 conclusion
The experimental research of 2019-2021 for 3 consecutive years shows that the planting method of taking oat-green manure as both fertilizer and feed for three crops a year can obtain higher oat grass yield and high quality all the year round, obtain greater income, and achieve the purpose of land cultivation while taking both fertilizer and feed into consideration.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A planting method for both oat-green manure and three crops a year for fertilizer feeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing oat at the bottom of 11 months in the first year or 2-3 months in the second year, and harvesting at the bottom of 5 months or at the beginning of 6 months;
(2) sowing green manure, and turning over and pressing into soil for returning to the field at the bottom of 7 months or at the beginning of 8 months;
(3) the oat is sowed in autumn and harvested at the beginning of 11 months.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the method for sowing the oat at the bottom of 11 months in the step (1) comprises the following steps: sowing in micro-furrow, sowing in one ridge and two furrows, and covering and pressing after sowing.
3. The planting method according to claim 2, wherein the method for sowing the oats in the second year in the period of 2-3 months in the step (1) is as follows: and (3) carrying out rotary tillage and ridging before the first winter, and sowing the oat for 2-3 months by adopting a method of sowing in one ridge and two ditches.
4. The planting method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the green manure in the step (2) is sesbania or trifolium repens.
5. The planting method according to claim 4, wherein the sesbania or trifolium repens is sown by means of drill or broadcast sowing.
6. The growing method according to claim 4, wherein the autumn-sown oat in the step (3) is as follows: selecting feeding oat varieties with short growth period and lodging resistance, sowing at the beginning of 8 months, and sowing in 4-6cm wide furrows.
7. The planting method according to any one of claims 2-3 or 5-6, wherein after the oats are sown, fertilizer water management is performed in the jointing stage of the oats, 10-15Kg of urea is applied per mu, and 30m of fermented liquid manure after solid-liquid separation in a dairy farm is sprayed3Per mu.
8. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the oat is planted in step (3) at a density of 6-7 kg/acre.
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