CN114088195A - Method for analyzing noise of drilling well site, acquisition device, electronic equipment and medium - Google Patents
Method for analyzing noise of drilling well site, acquisition device, electronic equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application relates to an analysis method, an acquisition device, electronic equipment and a computer readable medium for noise of a drilling well site. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring ambient noise of a drilling well site through a first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system. The analysis method, the acquisition device, the electronic equipment and the computer readable medium for the noise of the drilling well site can be used for quickly and effectively analyzing the noise of the drilling well site, so that the processing gain and the sensitivity of a ground receiving device of an electromagnetic measurement while drilling system are improved, and the detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of oil exploration, in particular to an analysis method, an acquisition device, electronic equipment and a computer readable medium for drilling well site noise.
Background
In the process of oil exploration and development, mechanical noise, electromagnetic noise, dynamic noise and the like of a drilling well site easily cause serious noise damage to the human body, the environment and the operation safety, and particularly, the measurement result of various measuring instruments (an electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling system, a logging instrument, a ground measuring instrument and the like) is inaccurate and reduced in precision due to noise interference, so that the normal use of the instruments is influenced. The acquisition of well site noise and modeling of well site noise are critical to the study and development of EM-MWD (electromagnetic measurement while drilling) systems.
The well site noise is an important factor influencing the electromagnetic signal detection performance of the EM-MWD system, and is difficult to describe by a determined model due to the fact that actual drilling field instruments and equipment are various, the noise types are complex, and the frequency range is wide. The noise is substantially stationary when the well is in a normal drilling mode, and non-stationary when the well is in a directional, sliding or changing mode. Therefore, the research on how to adopt the appropriate random variable distribution to describe the observed noise data and estimate the main parameters of the noise model has important theoretical and practical significance for the ground signal detection and the detection performance improvement of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system by establishing the appropriate mathematical model.
Many experts and scholars are working on studying the measurement, characteristics of the noise at the drilling site and its effect on electromagnetic wave measurement while drilling. The 201310055902.0 patent discloses a device for collecting and analyzing wellsite noise and a corresponding method for collecting and analyzing wellsite noise. The proposal provided by the patent 201310055902.0 has high accuracy and is very suitable for analyzing the noise of the well site. Patent ZL201020298570.0 adopts a high input impedance amplifier with variable gain, a filtering module, a programmable amplifier with variable gain, a signal conditioning module, a digital signal processor module, etc. to solve the problem that the above-well measurement system is difficult to pick up weak electromagnetic signals. Patent ZL200810101407.8 discloses an EM-MWD system for receiving downhole transmitted electromagnetic signals and wellsite noise signals respectively by using two antennas, wherein a surface receiver has a function of processing the downhole transmitted electromagnetic signals carrying measurement data information. In the prior art, a set of wellsite noise acquisition system is constructed by LabView software of NI company and a USB6259 acquisition card, and is used for a scheme of acquiring and analyzing wellsite noise signals in the field of measurement while drilling. The scheme analyzes the statistical characteristics of the well site noise, designs hardware and software of a weak electromagnetic noise acquisition system between an acquisition derrick and a measurement electrode, and researches a noise signal analysis and processing method. The patent 200910081483.1 discloses a magnetotelluric signal acquisition method for magnetotelluric survey, which can continuously or discontinuously acquire the noise and interference intensity of the magnetotelluric signal.
The above patents relate to the field of well site electromagnetic interference processing in the field of oil exploration and development to different extents, however, the traditional view considers that the well site environmental noise is gaussian noise, which is an assumption that there is a great limitation, and the assumption in the prior art cannot completely reflect the actual well site environmental noise distribution condition, so that the detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system in a complex well site noise environment is greatly reduced.
Accordingly, there is a need for a new method, apparatus, electronics and computer readable medium for analyzing noise at a drilling site.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the application and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides an analysis method, an acquisition device, an electronic device, and a computer readable medium for noise in a drilling well site, which can perform fast and effective analysis on the noise in the drilling well site, thereby improving processing gain and sensitivity of a ground receiving device of an electromagnetic measurement while drilling system, and improving detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
Other features and advantages of the present application will be apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a method for analyzing noise at a drilling site, the method comprising: acquiring ambient noise of a drilling well site through a first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, acquiring ambient noise of a drilling well site with a first sensor comprises: in the case that the drilling equipment is not turned on, ambient noise at the drilling site is acquired by the first sensor.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, acquiring rotary table noise of a drilling well site with a second sensor comprises: under the condition that the drilling equipment is started and the rotary table is started, acquiring rotary table starting noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; under the condition that the drilling equipment is started and the rotary table is stopped, acquiring rotary table stopping noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating the carousel noise based on the carousel-on noise and the carousel-off noise.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise comprises: respectively carrying out data analysis and data fitting on the environmental noise and the turntable noise to generate an environmental model, a turntable opening model and a turntable stopping model; generating initial parameters of a noise model based on the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; the initial parameters are modified to generate the noise model.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the data analysis and the data fitting are respectively performed on the environmental noise and the turntable noise to generate an environmental model, a turntable opening model and a turntable stopping model, including: determining initial parameters and strip widths of the histogram; respectively drawing an environmental noise distribution histogram, a turntable starting noise distribution histogram and a turntable stopping noise distribution histogram based on the initial parameters and the strip widths; and generating the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model based on the environment noise distribution histogram, the turntable opening noise distribution histogram and the turntable stopping noise distribution histogram.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, generating initial parameters of a noise model based on the environment model, the turntable on model, and the turntable off model includes: estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a maximum likelihood estimation method and the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; and/or estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a Bayesian estimation method and the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; and/or estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a least squares method and the environment model, the turntable on model, the turntable off model.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, modifying the initial parameters to generate the noise model includes: evaluating the fitting performance of the initial parameters by a goodness-of-fit inspection method; and when the evaluation result meets the condition, generating a noise model.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, analyzing drilling site noise based on the noise model for noise reduction processing of an electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling system, comprises: acquiring a downhole signal through an electromagnetic measurement while drilling system; and denoising the downhole signal based on the noise model.
According to an aspect of the present application, there is provided a device for collecting noise from a drilling site, the device comprising: a first sensor for acquiring ambient noise at a drilling site; a second sensor for acquiring rotary table noise of a drilling well site; the analog-digital converter is used for converting the environmental noise and the turntable noise into digital signals; a data processor for generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the first sensor includes: the first electrode is arranged in a range of 10-50 meters away from a well drilling site and is used for coupling and acquiring a first electromagnetic signal from the ground; the first sensing module is used for converting the first electromagnetic signal into a first noise signal; a first pre-processing module to process the first noise signal to generate the ambient noise.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, the second sensor includes: the second electrode is arranged in a range of 50-100 meters away from the drilling well site and is used for coupling and acquiring a second electromagnetic signal from the ground; the second sensing module is used for converting the first electromagnetic signal into a first noise signal; a second pre-processing module to process the first noise signal to generate the ambient noise.
According to an aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device including: one or more processors; storage means for storing one or more programs; when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a method as above.
According to an aspect of the application, a computer-readable medium is proposed, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method as above.
According to the analysis method, the acquisition device, the electronic equipment and the computer readable medium of the noise of the drilling well site, the environmental noise of the drilling well site is acquired through the first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; the noise of the drilling well site can be quickly and effectively analyzed based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system, so that processing gain and sensitivity of a ground receiving device of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system are improved, and detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system is improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
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The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings. The drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be derived from those drawings by those skilled in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a drilling site noise collection assembly according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a device for acquiring drilling site noise according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of analyzing drilling site noise in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of analyzing drilling site noise in accordance with another exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a wellsite noise waveform of a method of analyzing drilling wellsite noise.
FIG. 6 is a wellsite noise mean graph of a method of analyzing drilling wellsite noise.
FIG. 7 is a wellsite noise variance plot of a method of analyzing drilling wellsite noise.
FIG. 8 is a frequency histogram of an analysis method of drilling field noise.
FIG. 9 is a field noise histogram and Gaussian fit model analysis of a method of analyzing drilling field noise.
FIG. 10 is a histogram of rotary table on noise and Gaussian fit model analysis of a method of analyzing noise at a drilling site.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device in accordance with an example embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a computer-readable medium in accordance with an example embodiment.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts in the drawings, and thus, a repetitive description thereof will be omitted.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the application. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the subject matter of the present application can be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, and so forth. In other instances, well-known methods, devices, implementations, or operations have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the application.
The block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities only and do not necessarily correspond to physically separate entities. I.e. these functional entities may be implemented in the form of software, or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different networks and/or processor means and/or microcontroller means.
The flow charts shown in the drawings are merely illustrative and do not necessarily include all of the contents and operations/steps, nor do they necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations/steps may be decomposed, and some operations/steps may be combined or partially combined, so that the actual execution sequence may be changed according to the actual situation.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from another. Thus, a first component discussed below may be termed a second component without departing from the teachings of the present concepts. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are merely schematic representations of exemplary embodiments, and that the blocks or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily required to practice the present application and are, therefore, not intended to limit the scope of the present application.
As noted above, in the prior art, the conventional wisdom is that wellsite ambient noise is Gaussian noise. The inventors of the present application believe that there are significant limitations to this assumption in the prior art, such as turning the turntable on and off, and large differences in the well site noise. Therefore, a suitable model is proposed to simulate the characteristics of actual wellsite noise, and particularly, the problems of sensor wellsite noise acquisition and noise modeling have not been studied in the literature.
The method comprises the steps of adopting 2 sensors for collecting well site noise and turntable noise respectively, analyzing approximate probability distribution of noise data by using a histogram, establishing a well site noise model, a turntable noise model and a mixed noise model, estimating distribution parameters of the well site noise model, the turntable noise model and the mixed noise model, detecting and fitting Goodness-of-Fit (Goodness-of-Fit) by using likelihood ratio test, and evaluating the performance of the noise model.
The analysis method of the drilling well site noise of the application and the prior art have the remarkable advantages that:
(1) the distribution parameters obtained by the scheme and the built well site noise and rotary table noise approximate model are superior to the traditional assumed well site noise Gaussian model, and the design deficiency of the detector caused by the assumed problem of the model is avoided;
(2) aiming at two special process conditions of turning on and turning off of a turntable when an EM-MWD system is used, in the scheme, a turntable noise model and a well site noise model are respectively established, and a foundation is laid for improving the detection performance of the EM-MWD system against turntable noise influence when the turntable is turned on.
(3) The well site noise model, the rotary table noise model and the mixed noise model established by the scheme in the application and the distribution parameters such as mean value, variance, kurtosis and inclination of the well site noise model, the rotary table noise model and the mixed noise model are estimated, so that the influence of the noises on the receiving device can be effectively reduced, and the processing gain and the sensitivity of the ground receiving device are improved.
The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a drilling site noise collection assembly according to an exemplary embodiment. The apparatus 10 for acquiring noise at a drilling site may comprise: a first sensor 101, a second sensor 102, an analog-to-digital converter 103, and a data processor 104.
The first sensor 101 is used for acquiring environmental noise of a drilling well site;
wherein the first sensor 101 comprises: the first electrode 1011 is arranged within a distance of 10-50 meters from a well drilling site and is used for coupling and acquiring a first electromagnetic signal from the surface; the first sensing module 1012 is configured to convert the first electromagnetic signal into a first noise signal; the first preprocessing module 1013 is configured to process the first noise signal to generate the ambient noise.
The second sensor 102 is used for acquiring rotary table noise of a drilling well site;
wherein the second sensor 102 comprises: the second electrode 1021 is arranged in a range of 50-100 meters from the drilling well site and is used for coupling and acquiring a second electromagnetic signal from the surface; the second sensing module 1022 is configured to convert the first electromagnetic signal into a first noise signal; the second preprocessing module 1023 is configured to process the first noise signal to generate the ambient noise.
The analog-digital converter 103 is used for converting the environmental noise and the turntable noise into digital signals;
a data processor 104 for generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
According to the device for acquiring the noise of the drilling well site, the environmental noise of the drilling well site is acquired through the first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; the noise of the drilling well site can be quickly and effectively analyzed based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system, so that processing gain and sensitivity of a ground receiving device of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system are improved, and detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system is improved.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a device for acquiring drilling site noise according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, in a practical application scenario, the device for collecting noise of a drilling well site may include a CPU core processing module, a sensor module, a memory, an A/D module and a power supply.
In practical application, the first electrode A is arranged in a range of 10-50 meters from a well site, and the second electrode B is arranged in a range of 50-100 meters from the well site; the CPU core processing module, the sensor module, the memory, the A/D module, the power supply and the like are arranged in a well site instrument room and are 200 meters away from a well site.
The noise sensor device collects various types of electromagnetic noise of a well site, and then the collected noise is subjected to preprocessing device processing such as pre-amplification and filtering, and then the statistical characteristics of the noise collected by the two paths of noise sensors 2A and 2B are calculated through A/D conversion.
Wherein, well site noise collection system comprises ground electrode and noise sensor, including 2 ground electrodes: a first electrode A and a second electrode B; 2 noise sensors: a first sensor 2A and a second sensor 2B.
The electrode A and the noise sensor 2A mainly collect well site motor, mud pump noise and other well site electrical equipment noise, and the position close to an electrical equipment noise source in a settable range can be selected in the actual layout;
the electrode B and the noise sensor 2B mainly collect well site noise after the turntable is started, and the position close to the turntable in the settable range can be selected in the actual layout;
the purpose of adopting this kind of mode is that when having the work to EM-MWD system, the carousel is opened the back, and well site noise distribution is with not opening the noise change characteristic change very big design, helps designing the detector of different noise distribution characteristics, improves detection performance.
More specifically, the CPU processing module is a control core of the acquisition device of the well site electromagnetic noise, and consists of a DSP, an FPGA, an ARM or other micro control platforms, a communication bus interface and a control driving circuit. According to different working environments of well sites and working states of drilling machines, targeted software can be developed to adapt to different blocks, and improvement and upgrading of functions of the device can be conveniently achieved. The following work can be completed:
analyzing and calculating statistical characteristics and rules of noise according to the noise collected by a sensor;
secondly, measuring signals of the sensor are realized through algorithm programming;
thirdly, the advanced digital signal processing method is adopted, and the CPU is utilized to realize the calculation and estimation of the noise model parameters, which comprises the following steps: distribution parameters such as mean, variance, kurtosis, and skewness.
The sensor module consists of a ground electrode and sensors and comprises 2 ground electrodes and 2 noise sensors; mainly through ground isolation and coupling from well site noise and turntable noise, and realize impedance transformation.
The method comprises the following steps of preprocessing, wherein a preprocessing device comprises 1 preamplifier and 1 filter; the main function is to preprocess well site noise and rotary table noise in order to evaluate the noise characteristics as accurately as possible. The application adopts 1 amplification strategy, and the amplification factor is 1-100 times; the filter is mainly used for filtering signals from the preamplifier, and the filtering used in the application can be respectively a frequency band: 1-2000 Hz.
And the memory is used for storing the collected wellsite noise data.
And the power supply supplies power to the well site noise acquisition device and adopts a high-energy storage battery pack.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method of analyzing drilling site noise in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The method 30 for analyzing drilling site noise can be used for a device for collecting drilling site noise, and comprises at least steps S302-S308.
As shown in fig. 3, in S302, ambient noise at a drilling site is acquired by a first sensor. More specifically, ambient noise at the drilling site may be captured by the first sensor without the drilling apparatus being turned on.
At S304, rotary table noise of the drilling well site is acquired via the second sensor. More specifically, the turntable on noise of the drilling well site can be acquired through the second sensor under the condition that the drilling equipment is turned on and the turntable is turned on; under the condition that the drilling equipment is started and the rotary table is stopped, acquiring rotary table stopping noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating the carousel noise based on the carousel-on noise and the carousel-off noise.
In S306, a noise model is generated based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise. The environmental noise and the turntable noise can be subjected to data analysis and data fitting respectively to generate an environmental model, a turntable opening model and a turntable stopping model; generating initial parameters of a noise model based on the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; the initial parameters are modified to generate the noise model.
Wherein, to environmental noise with the carousel noise carries out data analysis and data fitting respectively and generates environmental model, carousel and opens the model, carousel and stops the model, include: determining initial parameters and strip widths of the histogram; respectively drawing an environmental noise distribution histogram, a turntable starting noise distribution histogram and a turntable stopping noise distribution histogram based on the initial parameters and the strip widths; and generating the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model based on the environment noise distribution histogram, the turntable opening noise distribution histogram and the turntable stopping noise distribution histogram.
Wherein generating initial parameters of a noise model based on the environmental model, the turntable on model, and the turntable off model comprises: estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a maximum likelihood estimation method and the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; and/or estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a Bayesian estimation method and the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model; and/or estimating initial parameters of the noise model based on a least squares method and the environment model, the turntable on model, the turntable off model.
Wherein modifying the initial parameters to generate the noise model comprises: evaluating the fitting performance of the initial parameters by a goodness-of-fit inspection method; and when the evaluation result meets the condition, generating a noise model.
In S308, drilling well site noise is analyzed based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system. Acquiring a downhole signal through an electromagnetic measurement while drilling system; and denoising the downhole signal based on the noise model.
According to the method for analyzing the noise of the drilling well site, the ambient noise of the drilling well site is acquired through a first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; the noise of the drilling well site can be quickly and effectively analyzed based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system, so that processing gain and sensitivity of a ground receiving device of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system are improved, and detection performance of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system is improved.
It should be clearly understood that this application describes how to make and use particular examples, but the principles of this application are not limited to any details of these examples. Rather, these principles can be applied to many other embodiments based on the teachings of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method of analyzing drilling site noise in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. The process 40 shown in fig. 4 is a detailed description of S306 "generating a noise model based on the environmental noise and the turntable noise" in the process shown in fig. 3.
When actual well site noise data is processed, the distribution rule of the observed data is unknown, so that the distribution characteristic of the actual noise is difficult to obtain. By analyzing a large amount of well site noise data, valuable empirical distributions are obtained, and the distribution or distribution family to which observed noise is subjected is approximated. These distribution results are usually in the form of assumptions, and the performance of fitting the estimated distribution to the actual distribution can be verified by a series of verification procedures.
As shown in fig. 4, in S401, the wellsite environment is noisy. FIG. 5 is an example of a graphical representation of a collected wellsite noise.
In S402, the dial turns on noise.
In S403, the dial stops noise.
In S404, histogram analysis and data fitting are performed. The statistical parameters of the wellsite noise and rotary table noise data collected as shown in fig. 6 and 7 are analyzed.
Equidistant histograms can be made from the actually collected noisy data to estimate the overall distribution. Selecting a proper distribution model according to the conclusion of the existing prior knowledge histogram; and according to the shape of the histogram, approximately judging a distribution function (such as Gaussian distribution, Rayleigh distribution, Rice distribution, Log-normal distribution and the like) obeyed by the observation data, and selecting a proper distribution model.
As shown in fig. 8, the selection of each bar start parameter and bar width is critical when analyzing data using equal frequency histograms. If the selection of the strip width is small, the fluctuation of the histogram is large, namely, the estimation error is reduced, but the estimated variance is increased, otherwise, if the selection of the strip width is large, the histogram is smooth, namely, the estimated variance is reduced. Thus to some extent, the width of the bars may be considered as a smoothing parameter for the histogram.
The 50Hz power frequency noise of a well site, other electromagnetic noise, underground weak electromagnetic wave signals and the like can be divided into two parts from the modeling perspective: the noise of the well site and the noise of the well site started by the rotary table can be analyzed by software, the related amplification factor, filter parameters and the like can be conveniently and online modified, and the anti-interference capability of the system is improved.
More specifically, a histogram may be employed to analyze an approximate probabilistic model of observed wellsite noise. Assuming that the probability density function of the observed well site noise is f (x), the observed value of the noise sample is x1,x2L xN。
Let xmin＝min(xi)，xmax＝max(xi) Will take the value range [ xmin,xmax]Equally divided into n small intervals, the length of the interval being usedBkRepresenting, then each group distance is:
by muiIndicates that it falls within the ith cell (t)i-1,ti) The number of observations of (2).
The probability density function can be expressed as:
in one embodiment, it may also be desirable to first process outlier data, for example, when processing actual noisy data, adding some observed data of particularly large or small magnitude to facilitate comparing the hypothetical distribution to the theoretical distribution.
In S405, an environment model, a dial-on model, and a dial-off model are generated.
In S406, model parameters are estimated. Estimating distribution parameters of the model, such as mean, variance, kurtosis, inclination and the like; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the distribution parameters may be estimated by a maximum likelihood estimation method, a least square method, bayesian estimation, or the like.
In S407, comparison is made with an empirical noise model.
In S408, the parameters are corrected, and the model is determined.
In S409, the fitting degree is checked.
In one embodiment, a goodness-of-fit test statistic T ═ T (X) may be constructed1,X2,L,Xn；F0) And when X is F0(x,θ1,θ2Lθk) When T is distributed in a known manner, e.g. χ2Distribution, etc. The following steps are utilized: chi shape2The goodness of fit test method of test or kolmogorov-smirnov (K-S test) has an evaluation of the fitting performance.
If the observation sample X is assumed to be (X)1,x2,L,xn) The distribution function is F (x),f (x) can be any one known distribution family or a mixture of two known distribution families, then the goodness-of-fit test is:
H0:X:F0(x,θ1,θ2Lθk)；
H1the distribution of X is not F0(x,θ1,θ2Lθk)
Wherein: f0(x,θ1,θ2Lθk) To a known distribution, θ1,θ2,L,θkAre distribution parameters.
Sequencing the samples from small to large in sequence and marking as X(0)Is mixing X(0)Divided into k mutually incompatible subintervals denoted A1,A2,L Ak，
Wherein,
and A isi I AjPhi, i ≠ j. Counting that the sample X falls on the A < th > pointiFrequency n in subintervalsiIs provided with
And assume H in the original0On the premise of being true, the calculation observed value appears in AiTheoretical frequency nP in subintervalsi＝nP(xi∈Ai) I is 1,2L k. Finally, calculating the statistic:
given the test level α, if m parameters are fitted to the distribution parameters from the observation sample according to maximum likelihood estimation, it can be demonstrated that, when n → + ∞,
carry out chi2The advantages of the assay are its simple form and no limitation of distributionAnd can be used for discrete distribution; the disadvantage is that a large sub-sample capacity is required and the partition of the subset space is susceptible to human factors. In this regard, the K-S test ratio χ2The inspection efficiency is high, and the method is also suitable for small sample spaces.
In S410, a noise model is generated.
The noise of the well site is an important factor influencing the detection performance and the transmission depth of the electromagnetic signals of the EM-MWD system. Because of the wide variety of actual drilling field instrumentation, the complexity of noise types, and the wide range of frequencies involved, it is difficult to describe the well site noise with a deterministic model. From the viewpoint of a statistical signal detection theory, signals observed by a ground receiver of an EM-MWD system are mixed signals of electromagnetic signals carrying downhole information and well site environmental noise, 2 sensors are adopted to respectively collect well site noise and turntable noise, an approximate probability model of noise data is analyzed by using a histogram, and existing prior knowledge is compared with an empirical model; the method comprises the steps of establishing a well site noise model, a rotary table noise model and a mixed noise model, estimating distribution parameters such as mean value, variance, kurtosis, inclination and the like, then carrying out detection and Goodness-of-Fit (Goodness-of-Fit) by using likelihood ratio test, evaluating the performance of the noise model, and laying a foundation for improving the detection performance of the EM-MWD system under the influence of well site noise and rotary table noise. The collecting device can effectively reduce the influence of well site noise on the receiving device and improve the processing gain and sensitivity of the ground receiving device.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps implementing the above embodiments are implemented as computer programs executed by a CPU. When executed by the CPU, performs the functions defined by the methods provided herein. The program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, which may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, or the like.
Furthermore, it should be noted that the above-mentioned figures are only schematic illustrations of the processes involved in the method according to exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to be limiting. It will be readily understood that the processes shown in the above figures are not intended to indicate or limit the chronological order of the processes. In addition, it is also readily understood that these processes may be performed synchronously or asynchronously, e.g., in multiple modules.
FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device in accordance with an example embodiment.
An electronic device 1100 according to this embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to fig. 11. The electronic device 1100 shown in fig. 11 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 11, electronic device 1100 is embodied in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 1100 may include, but are not limited to: at least one processing unit 1110, at least one memory unit 1120, a bus 1130 connecting the various system components including the memory unit 1120 and the processing unit 1110, a display unit 1140, and the like.
Wherein the storage unit stores program code that can be executed by the processing unit 1110 to cause the processing unit 1110 to perform the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application described in the present specification. For example, the processing unit 1110 may perform the steps shown in fig. 3 and 4.
The memory unit 1120 may include a readable medium in the form of a volatile memory unit, such as a random access memory unit (RAM)11201 and/or a cache memory unit 11202, and may further include a read only memory unit (ROM) 11203.
The storage unit 1120 may also include a program/utility 11204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 11205, such program modules 11205 including, but not limited to: an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which, or some combination thereof, may comprise an implementation of a network environment.
The electronic device 1100 can also communicate with one or more external devices 1100' (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, bluetooth device, etc.), such that a user can communicate with devices with which the electronic device 1100 interacts, and/or any devices with which the electronic device 1100 can communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., router, modem, etc.). Such communication may occur via an input/output (I/O) interface 1150. Also, the electronic device 1100 may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), and/or a public network such as the internet) via the network adapter 1160. The network adapter 1160 may communicate with other modules of the electronic device 1100 via the bus 1130. It should be appreciated that although not shown, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in conjunction with the electronic device 1100, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems, among others.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein may be implemented by software, or by software in combination with necessary hardware. Therefore, as shown in fig. 12, the technical solution according to the embodiment of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which may be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the above method according to the embodiment of the present application.
The software product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the readable storage medium include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The computer readable storage medium may include a propagated data signal with readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable storage medium may also be any readable medium that is not a readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a readable storage medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Program code for carrying out operations of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of a remote computing device, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., through the internet using an internet service provider).
The computer readable medium carries one or more programs which, when executed by a device, cause the computer readable medium to perform the functions of: acquiring ambient noise of a drilling well site through a first sensor; acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor; generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules described above may be distributed in the apparatus according to the description of the embodiments, or may be modified accordingly in one or more apparatuses unique from the embodiments. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or further split into multiple sub-modules.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein may be implemented by software, or by software in combination with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solution according to the embodiment of the present application can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which can be a CD-ROM, a usb disk, a removable hard disk, etc.) or on a network, and includes several instructions to enable a computing device (which can be a personal computer, a server, a mobile terminal, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiment of the present application.
Exemplary embodiments of the present application are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the application is not limited to the details of construction, arrangement, or method of implementation described herein; on the contrary, the intention is to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, but any modifications or equivalent variations made according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method of analyzing noise at a drilling site, comprising:
acquiring ambient noise of a drilling well site through a first sensor;
acquiring turntable noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor;
generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise;
and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
2. The analytical method of claim 1, wherein acquiring the ambient noise of the drilling site via the first sensor comprises:
in the case that the drilling equipment is not turned on, ambient noise at the drilling site is acquired by the first sensor.
3. The analytical method of claim 1, wherein acquiring rotary table noise of the drilling site via the second sensor comprises:
under the condition that the drilling equipment is started and the rotary table is started, acquiring rotary table starting noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor;
under the condition that the drilling equipment is started and the rotary table is stopped, acquiring rotary table stopping noise of a drilling well site through a second sensor;
generating the carousel noise based on the carousel-on noise and the carousel-off noise.
4. The analysis method of claim 3, wherein generating a noise model based on the environmental noise and the carousel noise comprises:
respectively carrying out data analysis and data fitting on the environmental noise and the turntable noise to generate an environmental model, a turntable opening model and a turntable stopping model;
generating initial parameters of a noise model based on the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model;
the initial parameters are modified to generate the noise model.
5. The analysis method of claim 4, wherein performing data analysis and data fitting on the environmental noise and the turntable noise to generate an environmental model, a turntable on model, and a turntable off model, respectively, comprises:
determining initial parameters and strip widths of the histogram;
respectively drawing an environmental noise distribution histogram, a turntable starting noise distribution histogram and a turntable stopping noise distribution histogram based on the initial parameters and the strip widths;
and generating the environment model, the turntable opening model and the turntable stopping model based on the environment noise distribution histogram, the turntable opening noise distribution histogram and the turntable stopping noise distribution histogram.
6. The analysis method of claim 1, wherein analyzing drilling site noise based on the noise model for noise reduction processing of an electromagnetic measurement-while-drilling system comprises:
acquiring a downhole signal through an electromagnetic measurement while drilling system;
and denoising the downhole signal based on the noise model.
7. A device for collecting noise from a drilling site, comprising:
a first sensor for acquiring ambient noise at a drilling site;
a second sensor for acquiring rotary table noise of a drilling well site;
the analog-digital converter is used for converting the environmental noise and the turntable noise into digital signals;
a data processor for generating a noise model based on the ambient noise and the carousel noise; and analyzing the drilling well site noise based on the noise model to perform noise reduction processing of the electromagnetic measurement while drilling system.
8. The acquisition device as set forth in claim 7, wherein the first sensor comprises:
the first electrode is arranged in a range of 10-50 meters away from a well drilling site and is used for coupling and acquiring a first electromagnetic signal from the ground;
the first sensing module is used for converting the first electromagnetic signal into a first noise signal;
a first pre-processing module to process the first noise signal to generate the ambient noise.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
storage means for storing one or more programs;
when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.
10. A computer-readable medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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