CN114076781A - Experimental device, system and method for simulating electrical logging response of stratum fracture - Google Patents
Experimental device, system and method for simulating electrical logging response of stratum fracture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device, a system and a method for simulating electrical logging response of a stratum fracture, wherein a container of the experimental device is filled with a solution with controllable mineralization degree. The conductive film includes a crack-flushing zone simulation portion, a crack-invasion zone simulation portion, and an undisturbed crack simulation portion. And the conducting film is provided with a central hole for the electric logging instrument to pass through. The conductive film is fixed in the container. The electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument. The structure is simple, the realization is easy, the electric logging response of cracks with different inclination angles can be simulated, the logging response of cracks with different extension lengths can be simulated, the influence of the resistivity of different bedrocks on the electric logging response of a fractured formation can be simulated, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel and crossed) fracture groups can also be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical logging, in particular to an experimental device, a system and a method for simulating electrical logging response of a stratum fracture.
Background
Fracture parameter evaluation is an important challenge facing well logging interpretation. Fractures are important hydrocarbon reservoir spaces as well as important migration channels for low permeability reservoirs. Whether the crack develops or not is directly related to the oil gas productivity. With the deepening of oil and gas exploration and development work, the well logging evaluation work of fractured reservoirs increasingly draws attention of people. Because the resistivity difference between the fracture and the bedrock is huge, the electric logging is an effective means for evaluating the fracture at present, so that a physical simulation device for electric logging of a fractured stratum is needed to be established so as to clarify the relation between the fracture parameters and logging response and realize the evaluation of the fracture parameters through the logging response.
At present, a series of research works are carried out by scholars aiming at the physical experiment problem of the electric logging of fractured strata. The physical simulation work of the double-lateral logging is carried out by people in the past 90 years in the past by people in the Country town, the new people in Kudzuvine, Von-enkening, Van-Yiren, Dunhui and the like, and a series of achievements are obtained. Simulation experiment devices for the influence of fracture parameters on the response of the dual laterolog have been developed at present. For example, in the article of "fracture formation dual laterolog response physical simulation research", Kouch Town et al established a physical simulation model with a 1:20 equal scale reduction. In the model, sandstone or dolomite is adopted to simulate a stratum, cracks with different opening degrees are manufactured in the stratum, a flow guide body is filled in the cracks, a double lateral logging instrument with a reduced proportion of 1:20 is adopted to measure, the response characteristic of double lateral logging is recorded, and the physical simulation of double lateral logging of the fractured stratum is realized. However, when the fracture manufactured in the sandstone or dolomite formation model is converted into the fracture in the real formation, the fracture opening degree of the device is large, and the formation parameters and the fracture parameters are not easy to adjust (the formation model needs to be manufactured again by adjusting the formation parameters and the fracture parameters), and the model needs to be improved. In the patent of 'a cave stratum double-laterolog physical simulation device and an experimental method with the same scale reduction', Kudzuvine and the like manufacture a set of double-laterolog physical simulation device which simulates the stratum conduction by water with different mineralization degrees and simulates the cave by a conductive ball, the stratum parameters are easy to adjust, but the problem of crack physical simulation is not solved. The former only proposes a physical simulation device which adopts a miniature coil system and purely considers cracks and conducts electricity of bedrocks in the text of a test model for detecting stratum cracks by a coplanar induction logging instrument. The device adopts a polyvinyl chloride container with the width of 5cm to fill fluid for conducting and simulating the conductance of the crack, so that the width of the crack is too large (the equal proportion is calculated to be 0.5 meter, and the actual underground crack is dozens of microns), the width of the crack is poorer to be matched with the actual condition, the influence of slurry invasion and the coupling relation between the crack and the stratum are not considered in a model, and only qualitative simulation can be carried out on the response of the crack.
At present, a set of physical simulation device which considers the influence of crack and bedrock conduction, mud invasion and the mutual coupling crack parameter change on the response quantitative influence of the electric logging and has easily changed and adjusted parameters is lacked, so that the quantitative research of the influence of the crack parameter change on the electric logging is hindered, and the quantitative evaluation of the crack parameters of the electric logging is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device, a system and a method for simulating the electrical logging response of a stratum fracture, which have simple structure and easy realization and can simulate the fractures with different resistivities by adjusting the silver content of a nano silver film; simulating electrical non-uniformly distributed cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating different extension length crack logging responses by adjusting the size of the conducting film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water-saving groove, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel, intersected) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are mutually coupled.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of a stratum fracture comprises a container for simulating the electrical conduction of a stratum bedrock and filled with a conductive solution, a conductive film for simulating the stratum fracture, an electrical logging instrument, a suspension device and a logging signal acquisition device. Wherein, the container is filled with solution with controllable degree of mineralization. The conductive film includes a crack-flushing zone simulation portion, a crack-invasion zone simulation portion, and an undisturbed crack simulation portion. And the conducting film is provided with a central hole for the electric logging instrument to pass through. The conductive film is fixed in the container. The electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument.
The experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation cracks is simple in structure and easy to realize, and can simulate the formation bedrock conductivity and the cracks with different resistivity. The method simulates the electrical property non-uniform distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulates the electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument. And simulating the crack logging response with different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conducting film. The influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the container, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel and crossed) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are coupled with each other. The invention can systematically and quantitatively simulate the parameters (resistivity, length and inclination angle) of a single crack under different well bores, stratums and invasion conditions (flushing, invasion zone radius, flushing and invasion zone resistivity), and can also simulate the response characteristics of the electric logging of crack groups with different densities and arrangement modes (parallel and oblique), thereby realizing the quantitative physical simulation of the parameters of the electric logging cracks.
The simulation result of the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, disclosed by the invention, defines the response characteristics of the electrical logging of the fracture with different parameters and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model of the electric logging of fractured strata, and further used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of the electric logging of sandstone, shale and volcanic strata, oil-water layer recognition, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. The experimental device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, teaching the principle of the electric logging method and the like due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device.
With respect to the above technical solution, further improvements as described below can be made.
According to the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, in a preferred embodiment, the fracture flushing zone simulation part, the fracture invasion zone simulation part and the undisturbed fracture simulation part are respectively nano silver conductive films with different conductivities and are spliced into a whole.
The method can simulate cracks with different resistivities by manufacturing conductive films with different silver contents, and simulate the change characteristics of the crack resistivity caused by slurry invasion by cutting nano silver conductive films with different resistivities. Compared with a conductive net formed by metal wires, the nano silver conductive film has more uniform electrical property, and the problem of quantitative simulation measurement of response characteristics of electric logging with different crack parameters is better solved.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film is disposed at any angle to the electrical logging instrument.
And simulating the response characteristics of the fracture group with different included angles with the well axis by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and the logging instrument.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film includes at least two groups.
The conductive films can be arranged in parallel to simulate parallel cracks, can also be mutually crossed and coupled to simulate crossed cracks, and can simulate the combination mode of underground cracks by adjusting the combination mode of the conductive film groups.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the suspension device includes a logging spider, a logging cable, a head sheave, a sheave fixture, a ground sheave, and a drawworks. The upper pulley and the ground pulley are fixed through a pulley fixing device respectively, one end of the logging cable is connected with an electric logging instrument through a logging bridle, and the other end of the logging cable sequentially bypasses the upper pulley and the winch to be connected with a logging signal acquisition device.
The suspension device with the structure can conveniently adjust the depth of the electric logging instrument in the container, and can enable the logging signal acquisition device to timely and accurately acquire signals of the electric logging instrument.
Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, the signal acquisition device includes a surface acquisition unit electrically connected to the electrical logging instrument and a processing unit connected to the surface acquisition unit.
The processing unit is matched with the ground acquisition unit, so that the current signal generated by the electric logging instrument can be ensured to be timely and accurately acquired.
Further, in a preferred embodiment, the conductive film is fixed in the container by a fixing block.
The conducting film is clamped in the container through the fixing block, and the structural stability of the whole experimental device can be guaranteed, so that the stability and reliability of the test process are effectively guaranteed.
In particular, in a preferred embodiment, the solution with a controlled degree of mineralization is a sodium chloride solution.
The sodium chloride solution is used as the experimental solution, so that the operation safety of the experiment can be ensured, and the resistivity of the solution can be conveniently adjusted to simulate the conductivity of the stratum bedrock with different resistivities.
The experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture comprises the experimental device and a post-processing module for analyzing data obtained by the experimental device.
Obviously, the experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fractures, which comprises the experimental device and the post-processing module, has simple structure and easy realization, and can simulate fractures with different resistivities by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electrical non-uniformly distributed cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating different extension length crack logging responses by adjusting the size of the conducting film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water-saving groove, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel, intersected) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are mutually coupled. And the post-processing module can be used for well evaluating and interpreting the electrical logging of the fractured formation, establishing a fracture interpretation and evaluation model of the electrical logging of the fractured formation, and further quantitatively evaluating the fracture parameters of the electrical logging of the sandstone, shale and volcanic formation, identifying an oil-water layer, evaluating the productivity and calculating the reserves. Due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device, the numerical simulation result of the electric logging can be calibrated through the post-processing module.
The experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, which is implemented by adopting the device, comprises the following steps: and S01, filling the container with a solution with controllable mineralization degree, so that the resistivity of the solution is equal to that of the formation bedrock. And S02, manufacturing the conductive film, wherein the crack flushing belt simulation part, the crack invasion belt simulation part and the undisturbed crack simulation part are spliced into a whole and have the same resistivity as the crack to be simulated. And S03, fixing the conducting film in the container, wherein the conducting film and the electric logging instrument are arranged at any included angle. And S04, connecting the electric logging instrument with a logging signal acquisition device through a suspension device. And S05, controlling the electric logging instrument to be positioned at a preset position in the container through the suspension device, supplying power to the electric logging instrument through the logging signal acquisition device, and acquiring, recording and storing current generated by the electric logging instrument in the solution through the signal acquisition device.
Obviously, the experimental device is adopted for implementation, so that the simulation result obtained by the experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, disclosed by the invention, defines the response characteristics of the electrical logging of the fracture with different parameters, and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model of the electric logging of fractured strata, and further used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of the electric logging of sandstone, shale and volcanic strata, oil-water layer recognition, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. The experimental device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, teaching the principle of the electric logging method and the like due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the structure is simple, the realization is easy, the resistivity distribution of the crack surface is uniform, and the interference of the nonuniform resistivity caused by the simulation of cracks by the traditional metal mesh on the electric logging is effectively avoided; the crack surface resistivity is stable, and the interference of nonuniform crack surface resistivity caused by the influence of gravity on the electric logging can be avoided. Different resistivity cracks can be simulated by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electrical non-uniformly distributed cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating different extension length crack logging responses by adjusting the size of the conducting film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water-saving groove, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel, intersected) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are mutually coupled.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall structure of an experimental apparatus for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 schematically shows a structural view of the conductive film in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained in detail with reference to the figures and the embodiments without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
FIG. 1 schematically shows the overall structure of an experimental apparatus 10 for simulating the electrical well response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 schematically shows a structural view of the conductive film 2 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an experimental apparatus 10 for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a container 1 for simulating conductivity of a formation matrix, a conductive film 2 for simulating a formation fracture, an electrical logging instrument 3, a suspension device 4, and a logging signal acquisition device 5. Wherein, the container 1 is filled with a solution 6 with controllable degree of mineralization. The conductive film 2 includes a crack-flushing-tape simulating section 21, a crack-invasion-tape simulating section 22, and an undisturbed crack simulating section 23. The conductive film 2 is provided with a center hole 24 through which the electric logging device 3 can pass. The conductive film 2 is fixed in the container 1. The electric logging instrument 3 is connected with the suspension device 4, and the suspension device 4 can drive the electric logging instrument 3 to move up and down. The logging signal acquisition device 5 is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument 3.
The experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation cracks, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has a simple structure, is easy to realize, and can simulate the formation bedrock conductivity and the cracks with different resistivity. The method simulates the electrical property non-uniform distribution cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulates the electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument. And simulating the crack logging response with different extension lengths by adjusting the size of the conducting film. The influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the container, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel and crossed) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are coupled with each other. The invention can systematically and quantitatively simulate the parameters (resistivity, length and inclination angle) of a single crack under different well bores, stratums and invasion conditions (flushing, invasion zone radius, flushing and invasion zone resistivity), and can also simulate the response characteristics of the electric logging of crack groups with different densities and arrangement modes (parallel and oblique), thereby realizing the quantitative physical simulation of the parameters of the electric logging cracks.
According to the simulation result of the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the response characteristics of the electrical logging of the fracture with different parameters are determined, and the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation is laid. The method can be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model of the electric logging of fractured strata, and further used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of the electric logging of sandstone, shale and volcanic strata, oil-water layer recognition, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. The experimental device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, teaching the principle of the electric logging method and the like due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the container 1 is a water tank 11 having a cubic shape, and the center hole 24 in the center of the conductive film 2 is circular or elliptical so that the electric logging tool 3 can smoothly pass through the center hole 24. It will be readily understood that the container 1 may also be in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, a sphere, or the like.
Further, in the present embodiment, the conductive film 2 is disposed at any angle α, β with respect to the electrical logging instrument 3. And simulating the response characteristics of the fracture group with different included angles with the well axis by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and the logging instrument. Further, in the present embodiment, the conductive film 2 includes at least two groups. The conductive films can be arranged in parallel to simulate parallel cracks, can also be mutually crossed and coupled to simulate crossed cracks, and can simulate the combination mode of underground cracks by adjusting the combination mode of the conductive film groups.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the suspension device 4 includes a logging bridle 41, a logging cable 42, a top sheave 43, a sheave fixing device 44, a ground sheave 45, and a winch 46. The upper pulley 43 and the ground pulley 45 are fixed by a pulley fixing device 44 respectively, one end of the logging cable 42 is connected with the electric logging instrument 3 through the logging bridle 41 and the logging cable 42 in sequence, and the other end of the logging cable 42 is connected with the logging signal acquisition device 5 through the winch 46 by bypassing the upper pulley 43 in sequence. The suspension device with the structure can conveniently adjust the depth of the electric logging instrument in the container, and can enable the logging signal acquisition device to timely and accurately acquire signals of the electric logging instrument.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the signal collecting device 5 includes a surface collecting unit 51 electrically connected to the electrical logging instrument 3 and a processing unit 52 connected to the surface collecting unit 51, and the processing unit 52 is preferably a computer. The processing unit is matched with the ground acquisition unit, so that the current signal generated by the electric logging instrument can be ensured to be timely and accurately acquired.
Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the conductive film 2 is fixed inside the container 1 by the fixing block 7. The conducting film is clamped in the container through the fixing block, and the structural stability of the whole experimental device can be guaranteed, so that the stability and reliability of the test process are effectively guaranteed.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the salinity-controlled solution 6 is a sodium chloride solution. The sodium chloride solution is used as the experimental solution, so that the operation safety of the experiment can be ensured, and the resistivity of the solution can be conveniently adjusted to simulate the conductivity of the stratum bedrock with different resistivities. The solution 6 with controllable mineralization can also be distilled water with higher resistivity, so that the physical simulation of the electric logging response in the high-resistance stratum is realized.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, in the experimental apparatus 10 for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to the embodiment of the present invention, preferably, the conductive film 2 is made of a nano conductive silver film. The crack-rinsing-tape simulating section 21, the crack-invaded-tape simulating section 22 and the undisturbed crack simulating section 23 are respectively nano silver conductive films having different conductivities and are spliced into a whole. According to the experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation cracks, cracks with different resistivities can be simulated by manufacturing the conductive films with different silver contents, and the crack resistivity change characteristics caused by slurry invasion can be simulated by cutting the nano silver conductive films with different resistivities in a splicing mode. Compared with a conductive net formed by metal wires, the nano silver conductive film has more uniform electrical property, and the problem of quantitative simulation measurement of response characteristics of electric logging with different crack parameters is better solved.
Example 3
The experimental system for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture comprises the experimental device 10 and a post-processing module for analyzing data obtained by the experimental device 10. Obviously, the experimental system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the experimental device and the post-processing module, has a simple structure, is easy to realize, and can simulate cracks with different resistivities by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electrical non-uniformly distributed cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating different extension length crack logging responses by adjusting the size of the conducting film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water-saving groove, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel, intersected) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are mutually coupled. And the post-processing module can be used for well evaluating and interpreting the electrical logging of the fractured formation, establishing a fracture interpretation and evaluation model of the electrical logging of the fractured formation, and further quantitatively evaluating the fracture parameters of the electrical logging of the sandstone, shale and volcanic formation, identifying an oil-water layer, evaluating the productivity and calculating the reserves. Due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device, the numerical simulation result of the electric logging can be calibrated through the post-processing module.
Example 4
The experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture according to the third aspect of the present invention is implemented by using the experimental apparatus 10 described above. The specific operation process is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a water tank 11 with a side length of 2m is filled with a sodium chloride solution with a controllable degree of mineralization so that the resistivity of the solution is equal to that of the bedrock.
The conductive film 2 shown in fig. 2 was fabricated using a nanosilver conductive film to simulate formation fractures. The conducting film 2 is formed by splicing a circular or elliptical central hole 24 through which an electric logging instrument 3 conveniently passes, a crack flushing zone simulation part 21, a crack invasion zone simulation part 22 and an original crack simulation part 23, wherein each part is a nano silver conducting film with different conductivity. The resistivity of the nano silver conductive film is controlled by the silver content in the conductive film when the nano silver conductive film is manufactured, so that the resistivity of the nano silver conductive film is equal to the resistivity of the crack to be simulated.
Determining the crack resistivity distribution characteristics after mud invasion, including resistance-increasing invasion crack deep low resistance, shallow high resistance, resistance-reducing invasion crack deep high resistance, shallow low resistance and invasion radius, respectively manufacturing three square conductive films 2 with the same resistivity as the crack flushing zone resistivity, the invaded zone resistivity and the bedrock part crack resistivity, and cutting and splicing according to the shape shown in figure 2. A central hole 24 is cut in the center of the conductive film 2 to allow the electrical logging tool 3 to pass through smoothly.
A plurality of conducting films 2 shown in fig. 2 are manufactured, the conducting films 2 are fixed in a water tank 11 through fixing blocks 7, the conducting films 2 can be arranged in parallel with an electric logging instrument 3 at any included angle alpha, and alpha is 50 degrees in the embodiment so as to simulate the response characteristics of crack groups with different included angles with a well axis.
The top pulley 43 and the ground pulley 45 are respectively fixed by a pulley fixing device 44, one end of the logging cable 42 is connected with the electric logging instrument 3 through a logging bridle 41, and the other end of the logging cable 42 bypasses the top pulley 43 and the ground pulley 45 and is connected with the logging signal acquisition device 5 through a winch 46.
And (3) actual measurement process:
the electrical logging instrument 3 is first controlled by the winch 46 to be positioned at the bottom of the water bath 11. The power is supplied to the electric logging instrument 3 through the logging signal acquisition device 5, a transmitting coil or a measuring electrode in the electric logging instrument 3 excites an electromagnetic field in space, the electromagnetic field generates current in the sodium chloride solution 6 filled in the mutually coupled crack simulating conductive film group 2 and the water tank 11 of the simulated formation, and the magnitude of the current is related to the resistivity of the conductive film 2, the length of the conductive film 2, the number of the conductive films 2, the mutual coupling arrangement mode and the resistivity of the solution 6. The current is detected by a measuring electrode or a receiving coil of the electric logging instrument 3, and then is collected by an electric logging signal collecting device 5, and is recorded and stored by the existing logging processing software in a computer. Thus, the point measurement of the electric logging instrument 3 at the depth of the bottom of the water tank 11 is completed, then the electric logging instrument 3 is slowly lifted in the water tank 11 through the winch 46, the logging response measurement at different depth points in the whole water tank 11 is completed, and the logging response measurement is recorded and stored through the computer, so that the experimental measurement of the electric logging response under the single crack parameter is completed.
Obviously, the experimental device is adopted for implementation, so that the simulation result obtained by the experimental method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fracture, disclosed by the invention, defines the response characteristics of the electrical logging of the fracture with different parameters, and lays the foundation for evaluating and explaining the electrical logging of the fractured formation. The method can be used for establishing a fracture interpretation evaluation model of the electric logging of fractured strata, and further used for quantitative evaluation of fracture parameters of the electric logging of sandstone, shale and volcanic strata, oil-water layer recognition, productivity evaluation and reserve calculation. The experimental device can also be used for calibrating the numerical simulation result of the electric logging, teaching the principle of the electric logging method and the like due to the accuracy and the intuition of the experimental device.
According to the embodiment, the device, the system and the method for simulating the electrical logging response of the formation fractures, which are disclosed by the invention, have the advantages that the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, and the fractures with different resistivities can be simulated by adjusting the silver content of the nano silver film; simulating electrical non-uniformly distributed cracks with different invasion depths and different resistivity distributions by adjusting the radius and the conductivity of each part of the conductive film, and simulating electrical logging response of cracks with different inclination angles (such as horizontal seams, oblique seams and vertical seams) by adjusting the included angle between the conductive film and a logging instrument; simulating different extension length crack logging responses by adjusting the size of the conducting film; the influence of different bedrock resistivities on the electric logging response of the fractured formation is simulated by adjusting the resistivity of the filling solution in the water-saving groove, and the electric logging response characteristic of (parallel, intersected) fracture groups can also be realized by arranging a plurality of conductive films which are mutually coupled.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way as long as there is no structural conflict. It is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for simulating the electrical logging response of a stratum fracture is characterized by comprising a container for simulating the electrical conduction of a stratum bedrock, a conductive film for simulating the stratum fracture, an electrical logging instrument, a suspension device and a logging signal acquisition device; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the container is filled with a solution with controllable mineralization degree;
the conducting film comprises a crack flushing belt simulation part, a crack invasion belt simulation part and an undisturbed crack simulation part, and a central hole for the electric logging instrument to pass through is formed in the conducting film;
the conductive film is fixed in the container;
the electric logging instrument is connected with the suspension device, and the suspension device can drive the electric logging instrument to move up and down;
and the logging signal acquisition device is electrically connected with the electric logging instrument.
2. An experimental apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fracture-flushing zone simulating portion, the fracture-invaded zone simulating portion and the undisturbed fracture simulating portion are nano silver conductive films with different conductivities and are spliced into a whole respectively.
3. An experimental apparatus for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive film is arranged at any angle to the electrical logging instrument.
4. An experimental apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said conductive film comprises at least two sets.
5. An experimental apparatus for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein the suspension means comprises a logging spider, a logging cable, a crown block, a block fixing means, a ground block and a winch; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the top pulley and the ground pulley are fixed through the pulley fixing device respectively, one end of the logging cable is connected with the electric logging instrument through the logging bridle, and the other end of the logging cable sequentially bypasses the top pulley and the winch and is connected with the logging signal acquisition device.
6. An experimental apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal acquisition device comprises a surface acquisition unit electrically connected to the electrical logging instrument and a processing unit connected to the surface acquisition unit.
7. An experimental apparatus for simulating the electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive film is fixed in the container by a fixing block.
8. An experimental apparatus for simulating an electrical logging response of a formation fracture as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the solution with controllable degree of mineralization is a sodium chloride solution.
9. An experimental system for simulating the electrical well response of a formation fracture comprising an experimental apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 and a post-processing module for analysing data obtained from the experimental apparatus.
10. An experimental method for simulating the electrical well response of a formation fracture, implemented using the experimental apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, filling a solution with controllable mineralization degree into the container to enable the resistivity of the solution to be equal to that of the formation bedrock;
s02, manufacturing a conductive film, wherein the crack flushing belt simulation part, the crack invasion belt simulation part and the original crack simulation part are spliced into a whole and have the same resistivity as the crack to be simulated;
s03, fixing the conducting film in the container, wherein the conducting film and the electric logging instrument are arranged at any included angle;
s04, connecting the electric logging instrument with a logging signal acquisition device through a suspension device;
and S05, controlling the electric logging instrument to be positioned at a preset position in the container through the suspension device, supplying power to the electric logging instrument through the logging signal acquisition device, and acquiring, recording and storing current generated by the electric logging instrument in the solution through the signal acquisition device.
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