CN114058914A - Aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114058914A CN114058914A CN202111381098.6A CN202111381098A CN114058914A CN 114058914 A CN114058914 A CN 114058914A CN 202111381098 A CN202111381098 A CN 202111381098A CN 114058914 A CN114058914 A CN 114058914A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the influence of the alloy elements on the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy is limited to the greatest extent by the trace elements of zinc, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium and strontium, a strengthening phase can be formed, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved; the nanometer TiN-Ti composite refiner has stronger refining effect and action time, and not only can refine thick MgZn in aluminum alloy2、Al2Cu、Mg2The Si second phase can also obviously refine the primary alpha phase in the aluminum alloy and improve the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy materialEnergy is saved; the vacuum die-casting process can greatly reduce the involvement of gas and improve the compactness of the alloy, and the adoption of ice-water mixture to chill the die-casting sample can ensure that the solidified structure crystal grains of the aluminum alloy are finer, the segregation degree of solute elements is lower, the crystal grains can be obviously refined, and the heat-conducting property and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology, the service environment of aluminum alloy materials is complicated, so that the performance and functional requirements of the aluminum alloy materials are increasingly diversified, and the integration of structure and function is one of the important directions for the development of new materials. In recent years, the electronic and communication fields are rapidly developed, and particularly, with the arrival of the 5G era, electronic products, communication equipment, smart home appliances and the like tend to be light, which puts higher and higher requirements on the toughness of aluminum alloy materials. In addition, compared with 4G products, the integration level of the new generation of 5G products is higher, the number of channels is multiplied, the power consumption is greatly increased, the heat consumption of the unit volume is continuously increased, and the requirement on the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy material is continuously increased. For example, according to the design and material selection requirements of a new generation of communication base station, important components such as an aluminum alloy filter box body and a radiator for 5G base station construction are required to have good heat conductivity and mechanical properties.
At present, in order to improve the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is usually doped with rare earth elements, but the rare earth elements are expensive and have strict requirements on a smelting process, and cannot be used in large quantities in industrial production, or the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy are optimized through alloying, but the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy is reduced in different degrees, so that the difficulty that the heat conductivity and the strength of the aluminum alloy cannot be simultaneously improved is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy material and a method for preparing the same, and the aluminum alloy material provided by the present invention has high thermal conductivity and high strength.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6-11% of Si, less than 0.8% and not 0% of Zn, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Cu, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Mn, less than 0.6% and not 0% of Mg, less than 1.0% and not 0% of Fe, less than 0.3% and not 0% of Sr, and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Preferably, the paint comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 9.5 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the mass of the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner is 0.2-0.8% of the mass of the aluminum source.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum die-casting molding is 80-150 kPa.
Preferably, the injection pressure of the oil cylinder for vacuum die-casting molding is 20-50 MPa, and the pressurization pressure of the oil cylinder is 10-30 MPa; the speed of the punch for vacuum die-casting molding is 2-3 m/s.
Preferably, the chilling is performed in an ice-water mixture.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 200-250 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 10-30 min.
Preferably, the first melting temperature is 720-760 ℃, and the first melting time is 3-6 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the second smelting is 660-720 ℃, and the time of the second smelting is 1-3 h.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
The invention provides an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6-11% of Si, less than 0.8% and not 0% of Zn, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Cu, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Mn, less than 0.6% and not 0% of Mg, less than 1.0% and not 0% of Fe, less than 0.3% and not 0% of Sr, and the balance of Al; the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps: mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid; mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part; and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material. Compared with the prior art, rare earth elements are not required to be added, silicon, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium and strontium elements are added into an aluminum matrix, the silicon elements can improve the mechanical property and the flowability of the aluminum alloy, and the trace addition of the zinc, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium and strontium elements can limit the aluminum alloy to the maximum extent by the alloy elementsThe adverse effect of the heat conductivity can also form a strengthening phase, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved; according to the principle of coherent correspondence of interfaces, only under the conditions that the crystal structures of the refiner and the metal matrix are similar and the lattice constant is equivalent, the interface between the refiner and the metal matrix has low unit surface free energy, so that heterogeneous nucleation is facilitated, TiN and Al have a good coherent relation, the TiN can be better used as nucleation particles to promote the Al liquid to generate heterogeneous nucleation, and grains are better refined; the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner has good wettability of nano TiN particles and Al liquid, under the action of strong impact and stirring of high-energy ball milling, the nano TiN particles can be dispersed and distributed in the Al liquid, meanwhile, the Ti particles can react with the Al liquid violently to release a large amount of heat, so that the bonding capacity between Al atoms is reduced, the wettability of TiN and the Al liquid is further improved, and the refining effect and the acting time are improved. The nanometer TiN-Ti composite refiner has stronger refining effect and action time, and not only can refine thick MgZn in aluminum alloy2、Al2Cu、Mg2The Si second phase can also obviously refine the primary alpha phase in the aluminum alloy and improve the heat-conducting property of the aluminum alloy material; the vacuum die casting can reduce the gas entrainment, so that the cast ingot formed by die casting has fewer air hole defects, the second phase in the alloy and the substrate are tightly connected, the compactness of the alloy is improved, the heat conduction transfer resistance of the alloy is reduced, and the heat conduction performance and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are improved; the ice-water mixture is adopted to chill the die-casting sample, so that the solidified structure crystal grains of the aluminum alloy are finer, the segregation degree of solute elements is lower, the crystal grains can be obviously refined, and the heat-conducting property and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy are improved. The embodiment result shows that the tensile strength of the high-strength heat-conducting aluminum alloy material is more than or equal to 232MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 128MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 5.2%, the hardness is more than or equal to 92HV, the thermal diffusion is tested by adopting a 25 ℃ laser flash measurement method, and the thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 171W/m.K.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the aluminum alloy material in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of an aluminum alloy material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of an aluminum alloy material of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of an aluminum alloy material of comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a microstructure diagram of the aluminum alloy material of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an aluminum alloy material which comprises the following chemical components: 6-11% of Si, less than 0.8% and not 0% of Zn, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Cu, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Mn, less than 0.6% and not 0% of Mg, less than 1.0% and not 0% of Fe, less than 0.3% and not 0% of Sr, and the balance of Al.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises 6-11% of Si, and preferably 6.5-10.5% of Si. In the invention, the Si element is added to mainly improve the mechanical property and the flow property of the alloy. Generally, the more the content of the master alloy component is added, the more the heat conductivity of the alloy is limited, therefore, in the invention, the Si element is taken as the only main addition element, and the small amount of other master alloy elements is added, so that the influence of the addition of the master alloy elements on the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy can be reduced to the maximum extent, meanwhile, the master alloy elements can be dissolved into the aluminum alloy matrix to the maximum extent to form a second strengthening phase, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved, and the aluminum alloy material with high heat conductivity and high strength is obtained.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 0.8% of Zn and not 0, and preferably 0.4-0.7% of Zn.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 0.5% and not 0% of Cu, and preferably 0.1-0.4% of Cu.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 0.5% and not 0% of Mn, and preferably 0.2-0.4% of Mn.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 0.6% of Mg and not 0%, and preferably 0.1-0.5% of Mg. In the inventionIn the above-mentioned method, the addition of trace elements such as Zn, Cu and Mg mainly acts to strengthen the solid solution and form MgZn2、Al2Cu、Mg2The Si second phase plays a role in strengthening the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy, and simultaneously the influence on the thermal conductivity of the alloy can be reduced to the greatest extent by adding trace alloy elements.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 1.0% of Fe and not 0%, and preferably 0.1-0.8% of Fe.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises less than 0.3% of Sr, and is not 0, and preferably 0.1-0.25% of Sr. In the invention, Sr element is used as a modifier, the morphology of the Si phase can be effectively regulated, the lath-shaped Si phase is regulated into a short bar shape, the lath-shaped Si phase has sharp edges and corners and has strong cutting action on the matrix, stress concentration is easy to generate, crack defects are easy to form, the mechanical property of the alloy is reduced, and the lath-shaped Si phase is converted into the short bar shape after the Sr element is subjected to modification treatment, so that the cutting action on the matrix is reduced, and the mechanical property and the heat conductivity of the alloy are improved.
According to the mass percentage, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention comprises the balance of Al.
In the invention, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Unless otherwise specified, the present invention does not require any particular source of the starting materials for the preparation, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art may be used.
According to the invention, an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source are mixed and subjected to first smelting to obtain a first smelting solution. In the invention, the aluminum source is preferably an aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the silicon source is preferably Al-30Si alloy, the iron source is preferably Al-50Fe alloy, and the manganese source is preferably Al-10Mn alloy. In the invention, the first smelting temperature is preferably 720-760 ℃, and more preferably 730-750 ℃; the first smelting time is preferably 3-6 hours, and more preferably 3-5 hours. The process of mixing the aluminum source, the silicon source, the iron source and the manganese source is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a mixing process well known in the art may be used.
After the first smelting liquid is obtained, the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source are mixed, and second smelting is carried out to obtain a second smelting liquid. In the invention, the magnesium source is preferably a magnesium ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent; the zinc source is preferably a zinc ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent; the copper source is preferably an Al-50Cu alloy; the strontium source is preferably an Al-10Sr alloy. In the invention, the temperature of the second smelting is preferably 660-720 ℃, and more preferably 680-710 ℃; the second smelting time is preferably 1-3 h, and more preferably 1-2 h. The process of mixing the first molten metal, the magnesium source, the zinc source and the copper source is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a mixing process known in the art may be used.
After the second smelting liquid is obtained, the second smelting liquid and the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner are mixed, and casting and vacuum die-casting molding are sequentially carried out to obtain the formed part.
In the invention, the mass of the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner is preferably 0.2-0.8% of the mass of the aluminum source, and more preferably 0.3-0.6%; the preparation method of the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner preferably comprises the steps of mixing nano TiN powder and Ti powder with the particle size of 30-50 nm according to the proportion of 1:1, and carrying out ball milling in a high-energy ball mill to obtain the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner.
According to the invention, the second smelting solution and the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner are preferably mixed within 40-60 min before casting after the second smelting is finished, and are uniformly stirred and then are kept stand for 15-30 min. The casting process is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a casting process well known in the art may be used. One of the main factors influencing the thermal conductivity of the alloy is the tissue form in the alloy, the fine second phase and the uniform solute element distribution can reduce the scattering effect on the moving electrons, the mean free path of the electrons is increased, and the thermal conductivity of the alloy is further improved. The conventional Al-Ti-B refiner is a short-acting refiner, has limited refining effect on grains, and compared with the conventional refiner, the nano TiN/Ti composite refiner adopted by the invention has stronger refining effect and action time, not only can refine a coarse second phase in the aluminum alloy, but also can obviously refine a primary alpha phase in the aluminum alloy, and improve the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy material.
In the invention, the vacuum degree of the vacuum die-casting molding is preferably 80-150 kPa, and more preferably 90-120 kPa; the injection pressure of the oil cylinder for vacuum die-casting molding is preferably 20-50 MPa, and more preferably 30-50 MPa; the pressurizing pressure of the oil cylinder for vacuum die-casting molding is preferably 10-30 MPa, and more preferably 20-30 MPa; the speed of the punch for vacuum die-casting molding is preferably 2-3 m/s, and more preferably 2-2.8 m/s. The invention adopts vacuum die-casting molding to extract gas in the cavity to reach high vacuum degree air pressure, and then adopts a plurality of runners and a large-area sprue to ensure that molten metal fills the cavity in a short time. The other main factor influencing the heat conductivity of the alloy is defects generated in the casting process, mainly comprises impurities, gaps, dendrite segregation and other factors, and further reduces the heat conductivity and mechanical property of the alloy by influencing the compactness of the alloy. Compared with the conventional die-casting process, the vacuum die-casting process adopted by the invention can greatly reduce the gas inclusion and improve the compactness of the alloy, thereby improving the heat-conducting property and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy.
After the formed part is obtained, the formed part is sequentially subjected to chilling, drying and heat treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
In the present invention, the chilling is preferably carried out in an ice-water mixture. The solid solubility of solute elements (Zn, Cu, Mg, Si, Mn, Fe) in the matrix also affects the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the alloy, and affects the thermal conductivity of the alloy by affecting the degree of lattice distortion in the aluminum matrix. According to the invention, a mode of cooling the die-casting forming sample by the ice-water mixture can generate a larger chilling action, so that the solidified structure crystal grains of the aluminum alloy are finer, and meanwhile, under the condition of the ice-water mixture, the cooling speed of the aluminum alloy sample is higher, and the segregation degree of solute elements is lower, so that the whole conductivity of the aluminum alloy sample is more uniform.
In the present invention, the drying is preferably conducted by air drying at room temperature.
In the invention, the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 200-250 ℃, and more preferably 220-250 ℃; the time of the heat treatment is preferably 10 to 30min, and more preferably 10 to 20 min.
The invention adopts the nanometer TiN/Ti composite refiner and the vacuum die-casting process to effectively improve the grain size and reduce the defects, so that the solute elements of the aluminum alloy structure are distributed more uniformly, the grain size is smaller, and the pore-free defects are avoided. Therefore, the heat treatment in the later stage is only performed for a short time to relieve stress and strengthen aging precipitation. The heat treatment mode adopted by the invention can greatly reduce the processing cost and is suitable for wide application and production.
According to the invention, silicon, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium and strontium elements are added into the aluminum matrix, so that the raw material cost is reduced, and the aluminum alloy with high thermal conductivity and high strength can be obtained through a heat treatment mode in ultra-short time in the later period.
The invention provides a preparation method of the aluminum alloy material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
In the present invention, the preparation process of the aluminum alloy material is the same as above, and is not described herein again.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 6.5% of Si, 0.7% of Zn, 0.4% of Cu, 0.2% of Mn, 0.1% of Mg, 0.6% of Fe, 0.15% of Sr and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 4 hours at 730 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 1h at 680 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting liquid with 0.2% of nano TiN/Ti composite refiner, casting, vacuumizing a vacuum die-casting molding cavity to ensure that the vacuum degree is 90kPa, the injection pressure is 30MPa, the pressurization pressure of an oil cylinder is 30MPa, and the die-casting speed is 2.5m/s, carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, placing the obtained die-casting molding sample in an ice-water mixture for chilling, ventilating and drying the die-casting molding sample at room temperature, and carrying out heat treatment on the dried die-casting molding sample at 220 ℃ for 15min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 7.5% of Si, 0.4% of Zn, 0.2% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 0.3% of Mg, 0.3% of Fe, 0.2% of Sr and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 5 hours at 740 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and an Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 2 hours at 685 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting liquid with a nano TiN/Ti composite refiner with the aluminum source mass of 0.3%, casting, vacuumizing a vacuum die-casting molding cavity to ensure that the vacuum degree is 100kPa, the injection pressure is 35MPa, the pressurization pressure of an oil cylinder is 25MPa, and the die-casting speed is 2.2m/s, carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, placing the obtained die-casting molding sample in an ice-water mixture for chilling, ventilating and drying the die-casting molding sample at room temperature, and carrying out heat treatment on the dried die-casting molding sample at 230 ℃ for 10min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 10.5% of Si, 0.7% of Zn, 0.3% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.5% of Mg, 0.7% of Fe, 0.25% of Sr and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 3 hours at 740 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 1.5h at 705 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting liquid with a nano TiN/Ti composite refiner with the aluminum source mass of 0.5%, casting, vacuumizing a vacuum die-casting molding cavity to ensure that the vacuum degree is 120kPa, the injection pressure is 45MPa, the pressurization pressure of an oil cylinder is 30MPa, and the die-casting speed is 2.8m/s, carrying out vacuum die-casting molding, placing the obtained die-casting molding sample in an ice-water mixture for chilling, ventilating and drying the die-casting molding sample at room temperature, and carrying out heat treatment on the dried die-casting molding sample at 250 ℃ for 10min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Comparative example 1
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 7.7% of Si, 0.9% of Zn0.9%, 1.0% of Cu, 0.2% of Mn, 0.6% of Mg, 1.0% of Fe, 0.1% of Sr and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 3 hours at 760 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 2 hours at 720 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting solution with an Al-Ti-B refiner with the mass of 0.3 percent of that of the aluminum source, performing extrusion forming by adopting a conventional liquid die-casting mode, wherein the specific pressure is 300MPa, then cooling an extrusion forming sample in normal-temperature liquid water, and performing heat treatment at 230 ℃ for 60min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Comparative example 2
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 3.5% of Si, 2.4% of Zn, 2.2% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 1.5% of Mg, 1.3% of Fe and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 6 hours at 720 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and an Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 1h at 685 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting liquid with 0.2% of RE refiner, performing metal mold gravity casting molding, then performing air cooling on a molded sample at room temperature, and performing heat treatment at 230 ℃ for 20min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
Comparative example 3
In this embodiment, the aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components by mass percent: 4.5% of Si, 1.6% of Zn, 2.5% of Cu, 0.4% of Mn, 0.5% of Mg, 0.3% of Fe, 0.2% of Sr and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.99%), an Al-30Si alloy, an Al-50Fe alloy and an Al-10Mn alloy, and performing first smelting for 5 hours at 720 ℃ to obtain first smelting liquid; mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent), a zinc ingot (the purity is more than or equal to 99.9 percent) and an Al-50Cu alloy, and carrying out second smelting for 1.5h at 685 ℃ to obtain second smelting liquid; and mixing the second smelting liquid with 0.2% of Al-Ti-B refiner, carrying out liquid-state die-casting molding, then carrying out liquid nitrogen cooling on a molded sample, and carrying out heat treatment at 220 ℃ for 30min to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
And (3) performance testing:
(1) the aluminum alloy materials of examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to microstructure test, and the test results are shown in fig. 2 to 5.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the alpha-Al dendrites in the aluminum alloy material of example 1 are equiaxial, and the eutectic Si phase is uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the matrix; as can be seen from fig. 3, the alpha-Al dendrites in the aluminum alloy material of example 2 are equiaxial and more integrated, and have finer sizes, and the eutectic Si phase is uniformly and dispersedly distributed in the matrix; as can be seen from FIG. 4, in the aluminum alloy material of comparative example 1, the alpha-Al dendrite is dendritic, and the eutectic Si phase has a large size and is distributed in the matrix in a fibrous shape; as can be seen from fig. 5, in the aluminum alloy material of comparative example 2, α -Al dendrites are distributed in the matrix in a coarse dendritic form, and eutectic Si is relatively fine in size and uniformly distributed in the matrix.
(2) The aluminum alloy materials of the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-3 are subjected to performance tests, the test indexes comprise heat conductivity coefficient, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and hardness, and the measurement method of the heat conductivity coefficient is national standard: GB/T3651 + 2008, the method for measuring the tensile strength and the yield strength is national standard: GBT228-2002, and the method for measuring the elongation is national standard: GB/T228.1-2010, the method for measuring hardness is national standard: GB/T231, test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Properties of aluminum alloy materials of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy materials provided in the embodiments 1 to 3 of the invention have the thermal conductivity of not less than 171W/m.K, the tensile strength of not less than 232MPa, the yield strength of not less than 128MPa, the elongation of not less than 5.2%, the hardness of not less than 92HV, and the thermal conductivity and the strength of the aluminum alloy materials are both significantly higher than those of the alloys in the comparative examples 1 to 3. The invention optimizes the components of the aluminum alloy, and adopts the high-efficiency nano TiN/Ti composite refiner to treat the aluminum alloy, thereby obviously refining the crystal grains. Meanwhile, the vacuum die-casting forming mode is adopted, so that the defects of air entrainment and the like in a die-casting sample can be effectively reduced, and the mechanical property and the heat conductivity of the aluminum alloy are greatly improved. According to the embodiment, the aluminum alloy material provided by the invention has high thermal conductivity, high mechanical property and excellent comprehensive performance.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An aluminum alloy material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6-11% of Si, less than 0.8% and not 0% of Zn, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Cu, less than 0.5% and not 0% of Mn, less than 0.6% and not 0% of Mg, less than 1.0% and not 0% of Fe, less than 0.3% and not 0% of Sr, and the balance of Al;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
2. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.5 to 9.5 percent of Si, 0.4 to 0.7 percent of Zn, 0.1 to 0.4 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Mg, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Fe, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Sr, and the balance of Al.
3. The aluminum alloy material as recited in claim 1, wherein the mass of the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner is 0.2-0.8% of the mass of the aluminum source.
4. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum die-casting is 80 to 150 kPa.
5. The aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the injection pressure of the oil cylinder for vacuum die-casting molding is 20-50 MPa, and the pressurization pressure of the oil cylinder is 10-30 MPa; the speed of the punch for vacuum die-casting molding is 2-3 m/s.
6. The aluminum alloy material of claim 1, wherein the chilling is performed in an ice-water mixture.
7. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 200 to 250 ℃ and the heat treatment time is 10 to 30 min.
8. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the first melting is 720 to 760 ℃, and the time of the first melting is 3 to 6 hours.
9. The aluminum alloy material as recited in claim 1, wherein the second melting temperature is 660 to 720 ℃, and the second melting time is 1 to 3 hours.
10. The method for producing an aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the steps of:
mixing an aluminum source, a silicon source, an iron source and a manganese source, and carrying out first smelting to obtain first smelting liquid;
mixing the first smelting liquid, a magnesium source, a zinc source, a copper source and a strontium source, and carrying out second smelting to obtain second smelting liquid;
mixing the second smelting solution and the nano TiN-Ti composite refiner, and sequentially carrying out casting and vacuum die-casting molding to obtain a molded part;
and sequentially carrying out chilling, drying and heat treatment on the formed part to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
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