CN114438375A - High-strength high-heat-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy - Google Patents
High-strength high-heat-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN114438375A CN114438375A CN202210127066.1A CN202210127066A CN114438375A CN 114438375 A CN114438375 A CN 114438375A CN 202210127066 A CN202210127066 A CN 202210127066A CN 114438375 A CN114438375 A CN 114438375A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/023—Alloys based on aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
Abstract
The application discloses a high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electric conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: up to 0.3 wt.% silicon, up to 0.5 wt.% iron, up to 0.2 wt.% magnesium, 5.0-7.0 wt.% nickel, up to 0.2 wt.% copper, 0.05-0.2 wt.% misch metal, up to 0.1 wt.% impurities, and the balance aluminum. The high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high heat conductivity and high electric conductivity has high heat conductivity and electric conductivity, ensures the mechanical property of the cast aluminum alloy, and can be smoothly demoulded after die casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a high-strength high-heat-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy.
Background
With the development of science and technology, a large number of electronic products flood the lives of people, such as the industries of communication, automobiles and the like, in which the use performance of the products is often improved by adding a large number of electronic components, but when more components are added, the products generate more heat. Meanwhile, these electronic components are generally made of aluminum alloy, and thus, the aluminum alloy is required to have high electrical and thermal conductivity in addition to a certain strength.
At present, the tensile strength of a conventional ADC12 aluminum alloy material is greater than 290MPa, the yield strength is greater than 154MPa, and the elongation is greater than 1%, but the heat conductivity coefficient is only 96M/w.k, and the requirement that the market is greater than 150M/w.k cannot be met. A lot of high heat conduction cast aluminum alloys developed on the basis of the existing aluminum alloy materials mainly use AlSi as a main material, the series of heat conduction materials have excellent casting performance and mechanical performance, the best AlSi series conductive materials in the market are mainly represented by CI-21, the electric conduction of the raw materials of the materials is 25ms/m, but the segregation is caused by the existence of silicon after the die-casting forming, the detection on the product is only 20ms/m, the high heat conduction cast aluminum alloys can reach 28ms/m after the high heat conduction cast aluminum alloys are heated for 2 hours by heat treatment such as 320 ℃, and therefore the production cost is increased and the product rejection rate is increased. However, if silicon is not added or the content of silicon is too low, the tensile strength and yield strength of the cast aluminum alloy are reduced, so that the tensile strength and yield strength of the cast aluminum alloy cannot reach more than 200MPa and 105 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
One advantage of the present invention is to provide a high-strength, high-thermal and high-electrical high-pressure cast aluminum alloy that has a yield strength greater than 105MPa, a tensile strength greater than 200MPa, and an elongation at break greater than 5% in the as-cast state, while having high electrical conductivity (greater than 150M/w.k) and thermal conductivity (greater than 150M/w.k) properties.
One advantage of the present invention is to provide a high-strength, high-thermal conductivity, high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, wherein aluminum and nickel can be combined to produce an aluminum-nickel eutectic, thereby improving the fluidity of the alloy melt, and the prepared aluminum alloy has good microstructure uniformity, thereby improving the tensile strength and yield strength of the cast aluminum alloy.
One advantage of the present invention is to provide a high-strength, high-thermal and high-electrical high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, which can be made into a cast aluminum alloy with high electrical and thermal conductivity without heat treatment of the die-cast aluminum alloy.
To achieve at least one of the above advantages of the present invention, it is an advantage of the present invention to provide a high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, including: up to 0.3 wt.% silicon, up to 0.5 wt.% iron, up to 0.2 wt.% magnesium, 5.0-7.0 wt.% nickel, up to 0.2 wt.% copper, 0.05-0.2 wt.% misch metal, up to 0.1 wt.% impurities, and the balance aluminum.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength, high-thermal conductivity and high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes 0.01 to 0.15 wt% of silicon.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength, high-thermal conductivity and high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes 0.2 to 0.4 wt% of iron.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength, high-thermal conductivity and high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes 0.01 to 0.1 wt% of magnesium.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength, high-thermal conductivity and high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes 0.01 to 0.05 wt% of copper.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises 0.05-0.15 wt% of misch metal.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mixed rare earth comprises mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth, and the mass content ratio of lanthanum to cerium is controlled to be 3: 7-4: 6.
to achieve at least one of the above advantages, the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, which includes melting the components of the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy according to any one of the above steps, and then die-casting to obtain the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the die casting after melting the components in a predetermined order comprises the following steps:
according to an embodiment of the invention, aluminum and nickel are heated to be completely melted and then are subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours at the temperature of 720-740 ℃, then silicon, iron, magnesium and copper are added, mixed rare earth is added for refining after the added silicon, iron, magnesium and copper are melted, and finally the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure casting aluminum alloy is prepared by die casting.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, after the added silicon, iron, magnesium and copper are all melted, an aluminum alloy refining agent is added before the misch metal is added.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an aluminum nickel alloy eutectic of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the alloy phase diagram of the high-strength, high-thermal conductivity, high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
According to the high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electric conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, communication accessories and other new energy automobiles needing electric and heat conduction can be produced by a 1250T high-pressure die casting machine.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electrical conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy includes: up to 0.3 wt.% silicon, up to 0.5 wt.% iron, up to 0.2 wt.% magnesium, 5.0-7.0 wt.% nickel, up to 0.2 wt.% copper, 0.05-0.2 wt.% misch metal, up to 0.1 wt.% impurities, and the balance aluminum. Preferably, the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy is prepared by melting and then die-casting.
In the prior art, when the cast aluminum-silicon alloy is prepared, in order to ensure the strength (yield strength and tensile strength) of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy, the content of a silicon component is often high, and for the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, a rapid cooling process is provided, and the silicon component is segregated in a high-pressure die-casting process, so that the electrical conductivity and the heat conductivity of the cast aluminum-silicon alloy are low.
According to the high-strength high-heat-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention, a proper amount of nickel and mixed rare earth are adopted, and by referring to fig. 1 and analyzing by combining with fig. 1, the eutectic point of the aluminum-nickel alloy is close to 3%, namely the nickel content is close to 3% when the aluminum-nickel is subjected to eutectic reaction, however, when the nickel content is close to the eutectic point, the yield strength and/or tensile strength of the prepared aluminum alloy is too low, for example, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy after die casting is lower than 200Mpa, and smooth demolding of the die casting product cannot be ensured. When the content of nickel is too high, the yield strength and/or tensile strength of the resulting aluminum alloy is increased, but the electric conductivity is decreased, so that 5.0 to 7.0 wt% of nickel is preferable in the present invention. Preferably, the content of the nickel is 6.5% -7.0, and at the content, the nickel component and the aluminum component are combined to generate an aluminum-nickel eutectic, so that the microstructure uniformity of the generated alloy melt is effectively improved, the solidification feeding characteristic of the alloy melt is greatly improved, the segregation of silicon in the subsequent die-casting solidification process is less, referring to fig. 2, it can be seen from fig. 2 that the microstructure uniformity of the prepared cast aluminum alloy is better, and the prepared cast aluminum alloy can have high electric conductivity and high thermal conductivity without heat treatment, so that the defects of low electric conductivity and thermal conductivity caused by silicon segregation in the cast aluminum-silicon alloy in the prior art are overcome. Meanwhile, due to the uniformity of the microstructure of the high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electric conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy, the mechanical properties such as the stability of the elongation at break of the high-strength high-thermal conductivity high-electric conductivity cast alloy are greatly improved, the dimensional stability is correspondingly improved, and meanwhile, the yield strength and/or the tensile strength and the hardness of an aluminum matrix can be improved by a proper amount of nickel.
In addition, the silicon accounts for at most 0.3 wt%, and the silicon content in the interval can reduce the segregation of all components in the die-casting process to the maximum extent, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the prepared cast aluminum alloy is ensured, and according to some embodiments of the invention, the silicon accounts for 0.01-0.15 wt%. Specifically, the silicon is 0.12 wt%.
The iron is 0.5 wt% at most, and the addition of iron to the aluminum alloy material can improve the tensile strength and/or yield strength to facilitate smooth demolding of the cast aluminum alloy during high pressure casting, but excess iron can cause a reduction in the heat conductivity of the product, and according to some embodiments of the invention, the iron is 0.15-0.3 wt% or the iron is 0.2-0.4 wt%.
The magnesium is present in an amount up to 0.2 wt%, and the magnesium content in this range is effective to increase the tensile strength and/or yield strength of the finally produced cast aluminum alloy, but the magnesium hinders the thermal conductivity, and according to some embodiments of the invention, the magnesium is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 wt%. Specifically, the magnesium is 0.01 wt%.
The copper content in the interval can improve the tensile strength and/or yield strength and hardness of the finally prepared cast aluminum alloy, but the copper can generate a solid solution strengthening phase in the cast aluminum alloy, thereby reducing the heat conducting performance of the product. According to some embodiments of the invention, the copper is 0.01 to 0.05 wt%, specifically, the copper is 0.01 wt%.
The mixed rare earth is 0.2 wt% at most, the aluminum matrix is made into a fine particle shape by adding the mixed rare earth, the intensity of the cast aluminum alloy is effectively improved, and the cast aluminum alloy is prevented from segregation together with the Ni element, so that the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the cast aluminum alloy are ensured.
In the prior art, titanium is usually added into cast aluminum alloy to avoid material segregation, but titanium greatly hinders the heat conductivity coefficient of the material, so that rare earth is added to avoid segregation in the high-pressure casting process, and the reduction of heat conductivity caused by inconsistent cooling speed in the die casting process is reduced. According to some embodiments of the invention, the misch metal is 0.05 to 0.15 wt%, specifically, the misch metal is 0.12 wt%.
Preferably, the mixed rare earth comprises mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth or molybdenum and scandium, and the mass content ratio of lanthanum to cerium is controlled to be 3: 7-4: 6, preferably 4: 6.
in comparative example 1 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12 wt.% silicon, 0.2 wt.% iron, 0.01 wt.% magnesium, 3.5 wt.% nickel, 0.01 wt.% copper, 0.1 wt.% impurities, and the balance aluminum.
In example 1 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12% by weight of silicon, 0.2% by weight of iron, 0.01% by weight of magnesium, 5% by weight of nickel, 0.01% by weight of copper, 0.1% by weight of impurities, and the balance aluminium.
In example 1 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12% by weight of silicon, 0.2% by weight of iron, 0.01% by weight of magnesium, 6% by weight of nickel, 0.01% by weight of copper, 0.1% by weight of impurities, and the remainder being aluminum.
In embodiment 3 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12 wt% of silicon, 0.2 wt% of iron, 0.01 wt% of magnesium, 6 wt% of nickel, 0.01 wt% of copper, 0.12 wt% of lanthanum and cerium in a mass ratio of 4: 6 mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth, 0.1 weight percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum.
In embodiment 4 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12 wt% of silicon, 0.4 wt% of iron, 0.01 wt% of magnesium, 6 wt% of nickel, 0.01 wt% of copper, 0.12 wt% of lanthanum and cerium in a mass ratio of 4: 6 mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth, 0.1 weight percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum.
In embodiment 5 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12 wt% of silicon, 0.2 wt% of iron, 0.01 wt% of magnesium, 7 wt% of nickel, 0.01 wt% of copper, 0.12 wt% of lanthanum and cerium in a mass ratio of 4: 6 mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth, 0.1 weight percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum.
In comparative example 2 of the present invention, the high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity includes: 0.12 wt% of silicon, 0.2 wt% of iron, 0.01 wt% of magnesium, 8 wt% of nickel, 0.01 wt% of copper, 0.12 wt% of lanthanum and cerium in a mass ratio of 4: 6 mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth, 0.1 weight percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum.
Specifically, the melting and die casting comprises the following steps: heating aluminum and nickel to be completely melted, preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 720-740 ℃, adding silicon, iron, magnesium and copper, adding an aluminum alloy refining agent for refining after the added silicon, iron, magnesium and copper are melted, adding mixed rare earth during refining to refine and degas, and finally die-casting to obtain the high-strength high-heat-conductivity high-electric-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials and cleaning a furnace: preparing materials according to the above alloy component proportion, cleaning the furnace after the materials are prepared, adding alloy elements in the form of pure alloy or intermediate alloy, for example, adding Fe element in the form of Al-Fe intermediate alloy, Ni element in the form of nickel plate, silicon in the form of simple substance silicon, copper in the form of intermediate alloy, and misch metal in the form of intermediate alloy.
2) Melting an A00 aluminum ingot: cleaning the surface of an A00 aluminum ingot, raising the temperature in the crucible furnace to 300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, baking the A00 aluminum ingot at the edge of the crucible furnace for 20 minutes, then putting the A00 aluminum ingot into the crucible furnace, putting a nickel plate into the aluminum ingot furnace after half of the A00 aluminum ingot is melted, and keeping the temperature of the molten aluminum at 720-plus-740 ℃ for 2 hours after the aluminum ingot is completely melted.
3) Adding a master alloy: and when the temperature of the aluminum liquid reaches 720 ℃, adding the dried Al-Fe intermediate alloy, copper alloy, silicon alloy and magnesium alloy into the aluminum liquid, heating the aluminum liquid to 740 ℃, and preserving the heat for 15 minutes to ensure that the added intermediate alloy is completely melted.
4) Refining, modification and degassing: when the temperature of the aluminum liquid is reduced to 730 ℃, a movable rotary degassing machine is used for pressing the conventional aluminum alloy refining agent into the molten aluminum for refining, the mixed rare earth intermediate alloy is added during refining, the refining time is 30 minutes, then slag is removed, the molten aluminum is static for 15 minutes, the gas content is detected by an on-line side hydrogen instrument after the molten aluminum is static, and the molten aluminum is cast after the gas content reaches 0.15ml/100 g.
Comparative example 2
The pure aluminum ingot comprises: 0.01% by weight of silicon, 0.015% by weight of iron, 0.005% by weight of magnesium, 0.01% by weight of copper, 0.1% by weight of impurities, and the balance aluminium.
Comparative example 3
The A356 aluminum alloy includes: 7 weight percent of silicon, 0.15 weight percent of iron, 0.25 weight percent of magnesium, 0.006 weight percent of nickel, 0.01 weight percent of copper, 0.02 weight percent of lanthanum and cerium mass ratio of 4: 6 mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth, 0.1 weight percent of impurities and the balance of aluminum.
Table 1 is a table of performance parameters of the aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4
As can be seen from the results of the performance tests of each of the examples and comparative examples in Table 1 above, the present invention provides cast aluminum alloys having up to 0.3 wt.% silicon, up to 0.5 wt.% iron, up to 0.2 wt.% magnesium, up to 0.2 wt.% copper, 5.0 to 7.0 wt.% nickel, up to 0.2 wt.% misch metal, and up to 0.1 wt.% impurities, so that the cast aluminum alloy has yield strength of more than 100MPa, tensile strength of more than 200MPa and elongation at break of more than 5 percent when in an as-cast state, meanwhile, the thermal conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 180.7W/m.k, the electric conductivity coefficient is more than or equal to 44.5 percent, and the data in the table 1 show that the mechanical properties, such as yield strength and tensile strength, of the cast aluminum alloy are obviously improved compared with a pure aluminum ingot, and simultaneously compared with the conventional silicon-aluminum alloy, on the premise of ensuring the relevant mechanical properties, the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the material are obviously improved.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above and shown in the drawings are given by way of example only and are not limiting of the invention. The advantages of the present invention have been fully and effectively realized. The principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples, and any variations or modifications of the embodiments of the present invention are possible without departing from the principles.
Claims (9)
1. High-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high heat conduction high electric conductivity of excelling in, its characterized in that, high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high heat conduction high electric conductivity of excelling in includes: up to 0.3 wt.% silicon, up to 0.5 wt.% iron, up to 0.2 wt.% magnesium, 5.0-7.0 wt.% nickel, up to 0.2 wt.% copper, 0.05-0.2 wt.% misch metal, up to 0.1 wt.% impurities, and the balance aluminum.
2. The high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises 0.01-0.15 wt% of silicon.
3. The high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises 0.2-0.4 wt% of iron.
4. The high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises 0.01-0.1 wt% of magnesium.
5. The high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy comprises 0.01-0.05 wt% of copper.
6. The high-strength high-thermal-conductivity high-electrical-conductivity high-pressure cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1, which comprises 0.05 to 0.15 wt% of misch metal.
7. The high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high strength, high thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the mixed rare earth is embodied as mixed lanthanum cerium rare earth.
8. The high-pressure cast aluminum alloy with high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass content ratio of lanthanum to cerium is controlled to be 4: 6.
9. a high-pressure cast aluminum alloy of high strength, high thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the misch metal is molybdenum and scandium.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114892036A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-12 | 大连亚明汽车部件股份有限公司 | Low-temperature smelting and die-casting process for aluminum-nickel alloy |
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| CN114892036A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-12 | 大连亚明汽车部件股份有限公司 | Low-temperature smelting and die-casting process for aluminum-nickel alloy |
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