CN114051637A - 集成语音及噪声活动检测的低延时自动混波器 - Google Patents

集成语音及噪声活动检测的低延时自动混波器 Download PDF

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CN114051637A
CN114051637A CN202080048155.6A CN202080048155A CN114051637A CN 114051637 A CN114051637 A CN 114051637A CN 202080048155 A CN202080048155 A CN 202080048155A CN 114051637 A CN114051637 A CN 114051637A
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罗斯·劳伦斯·彭尼曼
迈克尔·莱恩·莱斯特
米歇尔·路子·安在
迈克尔·哈里森·普罗辛斯基
田文顺
戴维·安德鲁·维尔利
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    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
    • G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
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    • G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
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    • G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
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    • G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
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Abstract

本发明公开用于使用音频自动混波器提供语音及噪声活动检测的***及方法，所述音频自动混波器可排斥错误非语音或非人类噪声，同时最大化信噪比且最小化音频延时。

Description

集成语音及噪声活动检测的低延时自动混波器
相关申请案的交叉引用
本申请案要求2019年5月31日申请的第62/855,491号美国临时专利申请案的权益，所述案的全部内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本申请案大体上涉及用于提供与音频自动混波器集成的低延时语音及噪声活动检测的***及方法。特定来说，本申请案涉及用于使用音频自动混波器提供语音及噪声活动检测的***及方法，所述音频自动混波器可排斥错误非语音或非人类噪声，同时最大化信噪比且最小化音频延时。
背景技术
会议及演讲环境(例如董事会、会议情境及类似物)可涉及使用多个麦克风或麦克风阵列波瓣来从各种音频源捕获声音。例如，音频源可包含人类说话者。可通过放大扬声器(用于声音加强)将所捕获声音传播给环境中的本地观众及/或远离环境的其它者(例如经由电视广播及/或网络广播)。麦克风或阵列波瓣中的每一者可形成频道。所捕获声音可作为多声道音频输入且作为单一混合音频频道提供。
通常，所捕获声音还可包含环境中的错误非语音或非人类噪声，例如突然、冲击或复现的声音，如翻页、开包及容器、咀嚼、打字等。为最小化所捕获声音中的错误噪声，可将语音活动检测(VAD)算法及/或自动混波器应用到麦克风或阵列波瓣的频道。自动混波器可自动减小特定麦克风的音频输入信号的强度以在其未在捕获人类话音或语音时减轻背景、静态或固定噪声的贡献。VAD是话音处理中使用的技术，其中可检测人类话音或语音的存在或不存在。另外，噪声减少技术可减少某些背景、静态或固定噪声，例如风扇及HVAC***噪声。然而，此类噪声减少技术对于减少或排斥错误噪声并不理想。
虽然当前***中存在自动混合与VAD的组合，但此类组合通常无法固有地排斥错误噪声(特定来说，具有能够实时通信或与室内声音加强一起使用的低音频延时)。错误噪声的排斥可损及典型自动混波器的性能，这是因为自动混波器通常依靠相对简单的频道选择规则，例如首次到达时间或给定时刻的最高振幅。归因于话音或语音的高延时及/或前端削波(FEC)，集成自动混合与VAD的当前***可能并非最佳的。例如，可将额外音频延时添加到频道以将VAD的检测延迟对准到语音发生，以便最小化对话音或语音中的音节或字词的FEC，但这可导致音频串流中的不可接受延迟。替代地，可通过决定不添加音频延时以将VAD检测延迟对准到音频串流而接受FEC，但此可导致音频串流中的不完整语音或话音。这些状况可导致降低的使用者满意度。再者，具有VAD的许多当前***可仅利用单一音频频道，其中有效操作无需考虑在特定环境中发生的话音/语音与噪声的空间关系。
此外，在自动混合应用(具有单独麦克风单元或使用来自麦克风阵列的经操纵音频波瓣)中，归因于麦克风及/或波瓣的不完美声学极性模式(polar pattern)，语音及错误噪声可发生在相同环境中且可包含在全部麦克风及/或波瓣中。此可带来VAD检测能力(在个别频道及共同频道两者基础上)、适当自动混波器频道选择(其尝试避免错误噪声，同时仍选择含有语音的(若干)频道)及抑制由于其含有话音/语音而闸控开启的波瓣中的错误噪声方面的问题。
因此，***及方法有机会解决这些问题。更特定来说，***及方法有机会可使用音频自动混波器提供语音及噪声活动检测，所述音频自动混波器可排斥错误非语音或非人类噪声，同时最大化信噪比，增加可懂度，最小化音频延时，且增加使用者满意度。通过组合自动混合原理与更先进语音活动检测技术，可增强麦克风/波瓣选择以最大化话音对错误噪声比。
发明内容
本发明旨在通过提供***及方法而解决上文提及的问题，所述***及方法尤其经设计以：(1)利用经修改语音活动检测器，其经更改以用作噪声活动检测器以感测频道上是否存在语音或错误噪声；(2)基于来自语音活动检测器的度量及决策而执行额外频道闸控，所述度量及决策可影响及/或更动由自动混波器执行的频道闸控；(3)减少或消除所捕获语音/话音的前端削波的量；及(4)最小化来自最初可包含在特定闸控开启频道中的错误噪声的前端噪声泄漏的效应。
在实施例中，一种方法包含：确定由混波器最初闸控开启的频道的音频信号中是否存在非话音音频，其中所述混波器基于最初闸控开启的所述频道的至少所述音频信号生成混合音频信号；及在确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时，通过闸控关闭最初闸控开启的所述频道而更动所述混波器以使所述混波器生成不具有最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号的所述混合音频信号。
在另一实施例中，一种***包含活动检测器，其经配置以确定由混波器最初闸控开启的频道的音频信号中是否存在非话音音频，其中所述混波器经配置以基于最初闸控开启的所述频道的至少所述音频信号而生成混合音频信号。所述***还包含频道闸控模块，其与所述活动检测器通信，且所述频道闸控模块经配置以在由所述活动检测器确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时更动所述混波器以使所述混波器闸控关闭最初闸控开启的所述频道且生成不具有最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号的所述混合音频信号。
从阐述指示可采用本发明的原理的各种方式的阐释性实施例的以下具体实施方式及附图将明白且更充分理解这些及其它实施例以及各种置换及方面。
附图说明
图1是根据一些实施例的用于频道闸控的包含混波器及语音活动检测器的***的示意图。
图2是说明根据一些实施例的用于使用图1的***闸控来自麦克风的频道的操作的流程图。
图3是根据一些实施例的在图1的***的混波器中使用的示范性闸控状态机的图。
具体实施方式
以下描述描述、说明且例示根据本发明的原理的本发明的一或多个特定实施例。此描述并非被提供来将本发明限制于本文中描述的实施例，而是用于说明及教示本发明的原理，使得所属领域的一般技术人员能够理解这些原理且运用所述理解而能够应用所述原理以不仅实践本文中描述的实施例，而且实践可根据这些原理想到的其它实施例。本发明的范围旨在涵盖在字面上或根据等同原则可落在所附权利要求书的范围内的全部此类实施例。
应注意，在描述及附图中，相似或大体上类似元件可使用相同元件符号标记。然而，这些元件有时可使用不同数字标记，例如(例如)在此标记有利于更清楚描述的情况中。另外，本文中阐述的附图不一定按比例绘制，且在一些例项中，比例可能已夸大以更清楚地描绘某些特征。此类标记及图式实践不一定暗指潜在实质目的。如上文陈述，本说明书旨在被视为整体且根据如本文中教示且为所属领域的一般技术人员所理解的本发明的原理解释。
本文中描述的***及方法可从自动混波器生成混合音频信号，所述自动混波器减少且最小化在环境中感测到的错误非语音或非人类噪声的贡献。所述***及方法可结合语音活动检测器(或错误噪声活动检测器)利用自动混波器，其每一者做出独立频道闸控决策。自动混波器可基于频道选择规则而闸控开启或关闭特定频道，而语音/错误噪声活动检测器可取决于是否在由自动混波器闸控开启的频道中检测到语音或错误噪声而更动自动混波器的频道闸控决策。来自语音/错误噪声活动检测器的度量(例如可信度得分)还可影响频道闸控决策及/或影响自动混波器中的每一频道的相对选定混合。为支持低延时音频输出，在语音/错误噪声活动检测器能够更动音频混波器之前，一些错误噪声可泄漏到音频混合中。所述***及方法可允许此行为，同时最小化此频道闸控噪声开始的能量及主观音频质量影响。此允许最小化来自泄漏到频道中的错误噪声的能量，同时维持低延时。
图1是可用于排斥错误噪声的***100的示意图，其包含麦克风102、混波器104及语音活动检测器108。图2是用于使用图1的***100排斥错误噪声的过程200的流程图。***100及过程200可产生具有最佳信噪比且包含期望语音的混合音频信号的输出，同时最小化错误噪声的包含或贡献。
例如，例如会议室的环境可利用***100来促进与远程位置处的人员的通信。麦克风102的类型及其在特定环境中的放置可取决于音频源的位置、物理空间要求、美观、房间布局及/或其它考虑。例如，在一些环境中，可将麦克风放置在音频源附近的桌或讲台上。例如，在其它环境中，可将麦克风架空安装以从整个房间捕获声音。通信***100可与任何类型及任何数目的麦克风102一起工作。包含在通信***100中的各种组件可使用可由一或多个服务器或计算机(例如具有处理器及存储器、图形处理单元(GPU)的运算器件)执行的软件及/或通过硬件(例如，离散逻辑电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程门阵列(PGA)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等)来实施。
一般来说，根据实施例的计算机程序产品包含具有体现在其中的计算机可读程序代码的计算机可用存储媒体(例如，标准随机存取存储器(RAM)、光盘、通用串行总线(USB)随身碟或类似物)，其中计算机可读程序代码经调适以由处理器(例如，与操作***一起工作)执行以实施下文描述的方法。就此来说，程序代码可以任何期望语言实施，且可被实施为机器码、组合码、字节码、可解译原始码或类似物(例如，经由C、C++、Java、Actionscript、Objective-C、Javascript、CSS、XML及/或其它)。
参考图1，***100可包含麦克风102、混波器104、预混波器106、语音活动检测器108及频道闸控模块110。麦克风102中的每一者可检测环境中的声音且将声音转换为音频信号且形成频道。在实施例中，来自麦克风102的一些或全部音频信号可由波束成形器(未展示)处理以生成一或多个波束成形音频信号，如此项技术中已知。因此，虽然所述***及方法在本文中被描述为使用来自麦克风102的音频信号，但可预期，所述***及方法也可利用任何类型的声源，例如由波束成形器生成的波束成形音频信号。
可由混波器104、预混波器106及语音活动检测器108接收来自麦克风102中的每一者的音频信号，例如在图2中展示的过程200的步骤202。混波器104可最终生成及输出混合音频信号，所述混合音频信号可符合期望音频混合，使得加重来自某些麦克风的音频信号且去加重(deemphasize)或抑制来自其它麦克风的音频信号。音频混波器的示范性实施例在共同让与的专利(第4,658,425号美国专利及第5,297,210号美国专利)中公开，所述案中的每一者的全部内容以引用的方式并入。
来自混波器104的混合音频信号可包含来自使用***100闸控开启的一或多个频道的贡献，即，来自麦克风102的音频信号。混波器104及频道闸控模块110可响应于确定所捕获音频含有人类话音及/或根据某些频道选择规则而闸控开启一或多个频道以提供不具有抑制(或在某些实施例中，具有最小抑制)的所捕获音频。混波器104及频道闸控模块110还可响应于确定频道中的所捕获音频为背景、静态或固定噪声而闸控关闭一或多个频道以减小某些所捕获音频的强度。由混波器104及频道闸控模块110确定频道闸控可在步骤204发生。混波器104及频道闸控模块110可为与多个麦克风或阵列波瓣102对应的多个频道中的每一者呈现频道闸控决策。过程200可继续到步骤206。
在步骤206，如果频道在步骤204被确定为闸控关闭，那么过程200可继续进行到步骤218且混波器104可输出不包含闸控关闭频道的混合音频信号。然而，在步骤206，如果频道在步骤204被确定为闸控开启，那么过程200可继续到步骤208，其中在某些实施例中可应用非话音去加重滤波器，其用作带宽限制滤波器(例如低通滤波器、带通滤波器或线性预测编码(LPC))以主观地最小化前端噪声泄漏，如下文进一步详细描述。
在步骤210还可由语音活动检测器(VAD)108接收来自麦克风102的音频信号。VAD108可在步骤210执行算法以确定特定频道中是否存在语音或相反地特定频道中是否存在噪声。例如，如果由VAD 108发现特定频道中存在语音(或未发现噪声)，那么VAD 108可认为所述频道包含语音或“非噪声”。类似地，如果未由VAD 108发现特定频道中存在语音(或发现噪声)，那么可认为所述频道包含噪声或“非语音”。在实施例中，VAD 108可通过分析音频信号的频谱方差，使用线性预测编码(LPC)，应用机器学习或深度学习技术来检测语音及/或使用例如ITU G.729VAD、包含在GSM规范中的VAD计算的ETSI标准或长期间距预测的众所周知的技术来实施。
通过识别特定频道是否含有错误噪声(即，“非语音”)，***100可更动由混波器104及频道闸控模块110做出的决策以闸控开启频道且随后闸控关闭此类频道，使得错误噪声最终不包含在从混波器104输出的混合音频信号中。特定来说，在步骤212，如果在步骤210确定频道中存在错误噪声，那么过程200可继续到步骤220。在步骤220，归因于错误噪声的检测，可更动由混波器104及频道闸控模块110对闸控开启频道的决策，且频道可被闸控关闭。过程200可继续到步骤218，其中混波器104可输出不包含来自现在闸控关闭的频道的贡献的混合音频信号。在实施例中，来自VAD 108的可信度得分可用于确定是否可更动混波器104对闸控开启频道的决策以闸控关闭频道及/或用于影响自动混波器中的每一频道的相对选定混合。
然而，在步骤212，如果在步骤210确定频道中存在语音(即，“非噪声”)，那么过程200可继续到步骤214。在步骤214，可移除在步骤208应用的滤波器，如下文更详细描述。在步骤216，可通过混波器104维持频道的闸控开启，且在步骤218，混波器104可输出包含此频道的混合音频信号。
在实施例中，由VAD 108用于识别频道中是否存在语音或噪声的步骤210及212可并行执行或仅在混波器104及频道闸控模块110已在步骤204及206确定频道闸控决策之后执行。例如，VAD 108可在预定时间段内收集及缓存来自输入音频信号的音频数据，以便具有足够信息来确定频道是否包含语音或噪声。因而，在混波器104的决策与VAD 108的决策(关于是否更动或不更动混波器104及频道闸控模块110的决策)之间的时间段内，错误噪声可暂时贡献于混合音频信号。在小的时间段内的错误噪声的此贡献可被称作前端噪声泄漏(FENL)。与前端削波相比，在混合音频信号中发生FENL可被视为对于混合音频信号的听众来说更期望且较不明显的。可通过控制FENL时间段的振幅及频率含量及所述FENL所允许的选定时间长度而最小化允许FENL的主观影响。
在实施例中，混波器104可包含闸控状态机，所述闸控状态机基于混波器104、频道闸控模块110及VAD 108的决策而控制频道闸控的最终应用。状态机可包含：(1)FEC时间段，其由混波器104及频道闸控模块110的设计以外的算法设计控制且延迟闸控开启时间；(2)在FENL时间段期间的特定持续时间，其中混波器104及频道闸控模块110具有对频道闸控的完全控制；及/或(3)最终时间段，其中来自VAD 108的闸控指示可与来自混波器104及频道闸控模块110的闸控指示进行逻辑AND运算。当混波器104及频道闸控模块110的闸控指示返回到闸控关闭频道时，闸控状态机可返回到其起始条件。在图3中展示闸控状态机的描绘。
可使用如下文详述的各种技术通过最小化可暂时泄漏到特定频道中的错误噪声的能量及频谱贡献而最小化FENL对混合音频信号的贡献。最小化FENL对混合音频信号的贡献可在FENL可发生的时间段期间减小对混合音频信号中的话音及语音的影响。在一些实施例中，此FENL最小化技术可在预混波器106中实施。
在一些实施例中，预混波器106可从语音活动检测器108接收状态信息。状态信息可包含自动混波器闸控旗标、VAD/NAD指示符及FENL时间段的组合。预混波器106可利用状态信息来确定随时间应用的振幅衰减及频率滤波。混波器104可从预混波器106接收经处理音频信号。从预混波器106到混波器104的经处理音频信号的数目在一些实施例中可与麦克风102的数目相同或在其它实施例中可小于麦克风102的数目。
一种技术可包含应用衰减闸控开启振幅直到VAD 108可肯定地确证由混波器104做出的闸控开启频道的决策。在FENL时间段期间频道的衰减可减小错误噪声的影响，同时对混合音频信号中的话音的可懂度具有相对不显著的影响。此技术可在预混波器106中通过在步骤209将简单衰减应用到自动混波器最近已在FENL时间段窗内闸控开启的频道且在步骤215移除衰减的应用而实施。FENL时间段窗在定时器期满之后退出，其与允许噪声泄漏而未有形地影响话音的主观音频质量的时间长度对应。
另一种技术可包含在FENL时间段期间减小音频带宽。在此案例中，减小音频带宽可在FENL时间段期间维持混合音频信号中的话音或语音的可懂度的最重要频率，同时显著减小具有某一时间段(例如，几毫秒)的全频带FENL的影响。此技术可在预混波器106中通过在步骤208应用非话音去加重滤波器且在步骤214移除非话音去加重滤波器的应用而实施，如上文描述。例如，在步骤208，可在混波器104已对是否闸控开启或关闭频道做出决策(例如，在步骤204及206)之后但在由VAD 108对频道中是否存在语音或噪声做出决策之前应用低通滤波器。一旦VAD 108已对频道中存在语音做出决策(例如，在步骤210及212)，便可在步骤214移除非话音去加重滤波器的应用。在实施例中，预混波器106中的非话音去加重滤波器可为与来自麦克风102的未处理音频信号交叉衰落的静态二阶巴特沃斯(Butterworth)滤波器。在其它实施例中，预混波器106中的非话音去加重滤波器可被实施为串联的两个一阶低通滤波器，其中可通过随时间移动滤波器的极点的位置而应用更多或更少滤波，此提供对随时间独立且适应性地限制低频及高频的带宽的控制。这些滤波器的适应性控制可与FENL定时器参数或VAD可信度度量对应。在其它实施例中，预混波器106中的非话音去加重滤波器可被实施为通过采用线性预测编码而保留话音的共振峰结构的更复杂带宽限制滤波器。
另一种技术可包含更改音频的波峰因子以最小化噪声感知。许多类型的错误噪声可具有高于人类话音的波峰因子。持续高波峰因子可被人类感知为响度。通过在FENL区域期间将音频的波峰因子压缩到等于或低于人类话音的波峰因子，可维持人类话音的可懂度，同时降低错误噪声的所感知响度。在一些实施例中，可动态地压缩具有高于目标的瞬时时域波峰因子的信号以维持期望波峰因子。在其它实施例中，压缩可被修改为限制器以进一步确保所得音频具有期望波峰因子。
进一步技术可包含引入预定量的FEC，其可在心理声学上最小化急剧瞬时错误噪声(例如，笔卡嗒声、书本掉落在桌上等)，而不显著地影响语音的主观质量(其通常不展现瞬时开始)。在此状况中，可进一步精化FEC的引入以仿真瞬时错误噪声的逆包络，此可显著地减少噪声感知而不完全移除FENL时间段期间将发生静态衰减的话音开始。这可在步骤209中实施且在步骤215中通过应用时变而非静态衰减而移除。通过使用这些技术中的一或多者，可最小化到未检测的混合音频信号中的错误噪声泄漏的影响直到VAD 108可对频道中是否存在语音或噪声做出决策。因此，此可在不增加音频路径延时的情况下为话音可懂度提供益处。
可通过使用适应性技术而增强上文描述的FENL最小化技术，所述适应性技术可自动修改行为，所述行为更好地匹配***100在操作的环境。此类适应性技术可控制上文描述的闸控状态机的时间参数以及例如逆FEC包络形状、带宽减小值、FENL时间段期间的衰减量、FENL最小化时间进/出行为及/或混波器104的时间弹道的参数以闸控关闭VAD 108已识别为含有错误噪声的频道。
在实施例中，***100可收集每一频道的统计(与多个麦克风或阵列波瓣102中的每一者对应)以识别特定频道是否平均含有语音/话音或噪声。例如，在特定环境中，一个频道可指向门，而另一频道指向***位置。在此环境中，随着时间推移，***100可确定指向门的频道几乎唯一地是错误噪声且指向***位置的频道几乎唯一地是语音。作为响应，***100可调谐指向门的频道以应用更长强制FEC，使用更积极FENL最小化参数，及/或使闸控状态机在闸控决策方面给予VAD 108额外优先级。相反地，***100可调谐指向***位置的频道以消除FEC，减少FENL最小化技术的使用，及/或使闸控状态机在较长时间段内为混波器104提供闸控控制(此可继而迫使VAD 108在更动与门控关闭频道之前对其关于噪声的决策更有信心)。
另一种技术可包含***100仅允许在VAD 108已达到特定频道上的高可信度的阈值水平时训练调适。此可减轻如应用于FENL最小化技术的调适行为中的假阳性及/或假阴性。进一步技术可包含***100在音频周期内对随后由VAD 108标记为噪声的闸控开启频道的音频包络数据进行取样及分析，以便更新上文描述的逆FEC包络形状。
在实施例中，适应性行为也可应用到闸控关闭频道的过程。例如，在正常话音期间，***100可应用缓慢斜波来闸控关闭频道，以便最小化对音频的噪声底限上升及下降或改变的感知。作为另一实例，在存在噪声的情况下，***100可应用快速斜波来闸控关闭频道，以便最大化响应于由VAD 108做出的决策而闸控关闭频道的有效性。在实施例中，***100可组合来自混波器104及VAD 108的信息以确定闸控关闭频道的原因。此信息可用于动态地更改频道闸控关闭的速度。另外，斜波的不均匀斜率可用于在感知上优化错误噪声及话音条件两者。
***100可包含解决麦克风或波瓣102之间的不完美音频选择性(此可导致许多或全部频道具有语音及错误噪声两者)的进一步技术。在此状况中，简单地闸控关闭含有最高量的错误噪声的特定频道可能无法完全消除来自混合音频信号的错误噪声。此可导致一些错误噪声仍存在于含有语音的闸控开启频道中。一种解决此状况的技术可包含在预混波器106中使用噪声泄漏滤波器。可在VAD 108已对特定频道中存在语音做出决策之后的时间部分期间应用噪声泄漏滤波器。如果已确定不同频道包含错误噪声(即，混波器104对闸控开启所述不同频道的决策已被VAD 108更动)，那么噪声泄漏滤波器可被应用到具有语音的频道，以便减轻噪声到具有语音的频道中的高频泄漏。换句话说，可在至少一个频道被识别为包含错误噪声而其它频道被识别为不具有错误噪声(即，具有语音)时应用噪声泄漏滤波器。在实施例中，预混波器106中的噪声泄漏滤波器可为与来自麦克风102的未处理音频信号交叉衰落的静态二阶巴特沃斯滤波器。在其它实施例中，预混波器106中的噪声泄漏滤波器可被实施为串联的两个一阶低通滤波器，其中可通过随时间移动滤波器的极点的位置而应用更多或更少滤波，此提供对随时间独立且适应性地限制低频及高频的带宽的控制。这些滤波器的适应性控制可与被识别为噪声的其它频道的数目或VAD可信度度量对应。在其它实施例中，预混波器106中的噪声泄漏滤波器可被实施为通过采用线性预测编码而保留话音的共振峰结构的更复杂带宽限制滤波器。
例如，通常在由混波器104闸控关闭特定频道时，混波器104可衰减所述频道中的音频信号(例如，通过应用-15dB衰减)，以便保留房间存在，在各种频道被闸控开启及关闭时具有噪声底限一致性，且减小FEC对迟闸控开启的频道的影响。通过使用上文描述的噪声泄漏滤波器，***100可减小被闸控开启的频道的带宽，使得保留话音可懂度的频率，同时排斥错误噪声的频率。这可导致减轻到被闸控开启的频道中的错误噪声泄漏。
在某些实施例中，为进一步减小错误噪声的贡献，当一或多个频道被VAD 108识别为含有错误噪声时，***100可应用额外衰减(即，从-15dB改变为-25dB)到全部闸控关闭频道且减小这些频道的带宽。
应注意，可在***100中利用标准静态噪声减少技术。在实施例中，VAD 108可利用来自麦克风102的尚未减少噪声的音频信号。VAD 108使用非噪声减少音频信号，使得VAD108可基于音频信号的原始噪声底限而做出其决策可为更佳的。
在此申请案中，转折词的使用旨在包含连接词。定冠词或不定冠词的使用不旨在指示基数。特定来说，对“所述”对象或“一”及“一个”对象的参考还旨在指示可能多个此类对象中的一者。此外，连接词“或”可用于传达同时存在的特征而非相互排斥的替代词。换句话说，连接词“或”应被理解为包含“及/或”。术语“包含(includes、including及include)”是涵盖性的且分别具有与“包括(comprises、comprising及comprise)”相同的范围。
图中的任何过程描述或框应被理解为表示代码的模块、片段或部分，其包含用于实施过程中的特定逻辑功能或步骤的一或多个可执行指令，且如所属领域的一般技术人员将了解，替代实施方案被包含在本发明的实施例的范围内，其中取决于所涉及的功能性，可以与所展示或论述不同的顺序(包含大体上同时或以相反顺序)执行功能。
本公开旨在说明如何根据本技术改变及使用各种实施例而非限制本发明的真实、预期及公平范围以及精神。前述描述并不旨在为详尽的或限于所公开的精确形式。鉴于上文教示的修改或变动是可行的。选取且描述(若干)实施例以提供对所描述技术的原理及其实际应用的最佳说明，且使所属领域的一般技术人员能够在各种实施例中且以适合于所设想的特定用途的各种修改利用本技术。全部此类修改及变动在根据其被公平地、合法地且公正地授权的广度解释时，在如由如可在本专利申请案待审期间修订的所附权利要求书及其全部等效物确定的实施例的范围内。

Claims (21)

1.一种方法，其包括：
确定由混波器最初闸控开启的频道的音频信号中是否存在非话音音频，其中所述混波器基于最初闸控开启的所述频道的至少所述音频信号而生成混合音频信号；及
在确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时，通过闸控关闭最初闸控开启的所述频道而更动所述混波器以使所述混波器生成不具有最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号的所述混合音频信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间期间最小化最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中的前端噪声泄漏。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括将非话音去加重滤波器应用到最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在话音音频；及
当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述话音音频时，从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述非话音去加重滤波器。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其进一步包括在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间消逝之后从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述非话音去加重滤波器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括衰减最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在话音音频；及
当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述话音音频时，从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述衰减。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其进一步包括在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间消逝之后从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述衰减。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括将时变衰减应用到最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在话音音频；及
当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述话音音频时，从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述时变衰减。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包括在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间消逝之后从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述时变衰减。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括将波峰因子压缩器或波峰因子限制器中的一或多者应用到最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在话音音频；及
当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述话音音频时，从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述波峰因子压缩器或所述波峰因子限制器中的所述一或多者。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其进一步包括在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间消逝之后从最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号移除所述波峰因子压缩器或所述波峰因子限制器中的所述一或多者。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时，在闸控关闭之后将额外衰减应用到最初闸控开启的所述频道。
16.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其进一步包括基于最初闸控开启的所述频道历史上是否含有所述非话音音频或话音音频而修改与最小化所述前端噪声泄漏相关的参数。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中更动所述混波器包括通过控制闸控关闭最初闸控开启的所述频道的速率而更动所述混波器。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括：
确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在话音音频；
确定由所述混波器最初闸控开启的第二频道的第二音频信号中是否存在非话音音频；及
当确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述话音音频时且当确定最初闸控开启的所述第二频道的所述第二音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时，将噪声泄漏滤波器应用到最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包括基于(1)频道选择规则或(2)最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号是否含有话音音频而确定闸控开启由所述混波器最初闸控开启的所述频道。
20.一种***，其包括：
活动检测器，其经配置以确定由混波器最初闸控开启的频道的音频信号中是否存在非话音音频，其中所述混波器经配置以基于最初闸控开启的所述频道的至少所述音频信号而生成混合音频信号；及
频道闸控模块，其与所述活动检测器通信，所述频道闸控模块经配置以在由所述活动检测器确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中存在所述非话音音频时更动所述混波器以使所述混波器：
闸控关闭最初闸控开启的所述频道；及
生成不具有最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号的所述混合音频信号。
21.根据权利要求20所述的***，其进一步包括预混波器，其与所述混波器通信，所述预混波器经配置以在(1)所述混波器确定闸控开启最初闸控开启的所述频道与(2)所述活动检测器确定最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中是否存在所述非话音音频之间的持续时间期间最小化最初闸控开启的所述频道的所述音频信号中的前端噪声泄漏。
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